{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T12:31:59Z","timestamp":1769257919821,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,17]],"date-time":"2015-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1421452800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmologe"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00347-014-3184-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,15]],"date-time":"2015-01-15T05:04:07Z","timestamp":1421298247000},"page":"177-192","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Keratoconjunctivitis vernalis","Vernal keratoconjunctivitis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"U.","family":"Pleyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Leonardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"3184_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2008.01347.x","volume":"87","author":"Kumar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kumar S (2009) Vernal keratoconjunctivitis: a major review. Acta Ophthalmol 87:133\u2013147","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3184_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.2005.00622.x","volume":"84","author":"Leonardi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Leonardi A, Busca F, Motterle L et al (2006) Case series of 406 vernal keratoconjunctivitis patients: a demographic and epidemiological study. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 84:406\u2013410","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"key":"3184_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.11.018","volume":"155","author":"Leonardi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Leonardi A, Lazzarini D, Motterle L et al (2013) Vernal keratoconjunctivitis-like disease in adults. Am J Ophthalmol 155:796\u2013803","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3184_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(95)30861-5","volume":"102","author":"Bonini","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bonini S, Lambiase A, Schiavone M et al (1995) Estrogen and progesterone receptors in vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Ophthalmology 102:1374\u20131379","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"3184_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(02)00006-X","volume":"21","author":"Leonardi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Leonardi A (2002) Vernal keratoconjunctivitis: pathogenesis and treatment. Prog Retin Eye Res 21:319\u2013339","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"3184_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12009","volume":"67","author":"Leonardi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Leonardi A, Bogacka E, Fauquert JL et al (2012) Ocular allergy: recognizing and diagnosing hypersensitivity disorders of the ocular surface. Allergy 67:1327\u20131337","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"3184_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abu El-Asrar AM, Al-Mansouri S, Tabbara KF et al (2006) Immunopathogenesis of conjunctival remodelling in vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Eye (Lond) 20:71\u201379","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6701811"},{"key":"3184_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ico.0000247213.24133.26","volume":"25","author":"Kato","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kato N, Fukagawa K, Dogru M et al (2006) Mechanisms of giant papillary formation in vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Cornea 25:47\u201352","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"3184_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2005.09.002","volume":"25","author":"Kumagai","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kumagai N, Fukuda K, Fujitsu Y et al (2006) Role of structural cells of the cornea and conjunctiva in the pathogenesis of vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Prog Retin Eye Res 25:165\u2013187","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"3184_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12197","volume":"25","author":"Vichyanond","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vichyanond P, Pacharn P, Pleyer U, Leonardi A (2014) Vernal keratoconjunctivitis a severe allergic eye disease with remodeling changes. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 25:314\u2013322","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"3184_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2008.01858.x","volume":"64","author":"Leonardi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Leonardi A, Sathe S, Bortolotti M et al (2009) Cytokines, matrix metalloproteases, angiogenic and growth factors in tears of normal subjects and vernal keratoconjunctivitis patients. Allergy 64:710\u2013717","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"3184_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2013.07.019","volume":"117","author":"Leonardi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Leonardi A (2013) Allergy and allergic mediators in tears. Exp Eye Res 117:106\u2013117","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"3184_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0b013e3282efb726","volume":"7","author":"Bonini","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bonini S, Sacchetti M, Mantelli F et al (2007) Clinical grading of vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 7:436\u2013441","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"3184_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1159\/000357105","volume":"51","author":"Hara","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hara Y, Shiraishi A, Yamaguchi M et al (2014) Evaluation of allergic conjunctivitis by thermography. Ophthalmic Res 51(3):161\u2013166","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res"},{"key":"3184_CR15","unstructured":"Heinz C, Heiligenhaus A (2014) Allergische Augenerkrankungen. In: Pleyer U (Hrsg) Entz\u00fcndliche Augenerkrankungen. Springer, Berlin, S\u00a0129"},{"key":"3184_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1159\/000150445","volume":"40","author":"Acera","year":"2008","unstructured":"Acera A, Rocha G, Vecino E et al (2008) Inflammatory markers in the tears of patients with ocular surface disease. Ophthalmic Res 40:315\u2013321","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res"},{"key":"3184_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1989.63","volume":"3","author":"Tuft","year":"1989","unstructured":"Tuft SJ, Dart JK, Kemeny M (1989) Limbal vernal keratoconjunctivitis: clinical characteristics and immunoglobulin E expression compared with palpebral vernal. Eye 3:420\u2013427","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"3184_CR18","first-page":"527230","volume":"2013","author":"Malhotra","year":"2013","unstructured":"Malhotra C, Jain AK, Thapa B (2013) Limbal pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia mimicking ocular surface squamous neoplasia in palpebral vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Case Rep Ophthalmol Med 2013:527230","journal-title":"Case Rep Ophthalmol Med"},{"key":"3184_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.10.036","volume":"70","author":"Chen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen JJ, Applebaum DS, Sun GS, Pflugfelder SC (2014) Atopic keratoconjunctivitis: a review. J Am Acad Dermatol 70:569\u2013575","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"3184_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3182541e9a","volume":"32","author":"Kaufman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kaufman HE (2013) The practical detection of MMP-9 diagnoses ocular surface disease and may help prevent its complications. Cornea 32:211\u2013216","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"3184_CR21","first-page":"451","volume":"54","author":"Owen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Owen CG, Shah A, Henshaw K et al (2004) Topical treatments for seasonal allergic conjunctivitis: systematic review and meta-analysis of efficacy and effectiveness. Br J Gen Pract 54:451\u2013456","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"3184_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2007.122044","volume":"91","author":"Mantelli","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mantelli F, Santos MS, Petitti T et al (2007) Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials on topical treatments for vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Br J Ophthalmol 91(12):1656\u20131661","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3184_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1007\/s00347-009-1932-2","volume":"106","author":"Messmer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Messmer EM (2009) Therapeutic options in vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Ophthalmologe 106:557\u2013561","journal-title":"Ophthalmologe"},{"key":"3184_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-013-0345-0","volume":"13","author":"Vichyanond","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vichyanond P, Kosrirukvongs P (2013) Use of cyclosporine A and tacrolimus in treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 13:308\u2013314","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"key":"3184_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1159\/000328630","volume":"47","author":"Razeghinejad","year":"2012","unstructured":"Razeghinejad MR, Katz LJ (2012) Steroid-induced iatrogenic glaucoma. Ophthalmic Res 47:66\u201380","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res"},{"key":"3184_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-012-0152-5","volume":"56","author":"Oner","year":"2012","unstructured":"Oner V, Turkcu FM, Tas M et al (2012) Topical loteprednol etabonate 0.5\u2009% for treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis: efficacy and safety. Jpn J Ophthalmol 56:312\u2013318","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3184_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0420.1999.770505.x","volume":"77","author":"Saini","year":"1999","unstructured":"Saini JS, Gupta A, Pandey SK et al (1999) Efficacy of supratarsal dexamethasone versus triamcinolone injection in recalcitrant vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 77:515\u2013518","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"key":"3184_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.07.004","volume":"128","author":"Lambiase","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lambiase A, Leonardi A, Sacchetti M et al (2011) Topical cyclosporine prevents seasonal recurrences of vernal keratoconjunctivitis in a randomized, double-masked, controlled 2-year study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 128:896\u2013897","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"3184_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)00096-2","volume":"107","author":"Akpek","year":"2000","unstructured":"Akpek EK, Hasiripi H, Christen WG, Kalayci D (2000) A randomized trial of low-dose, topical mitomycin-C in the treatment of severe vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Ophthalmology 107:263\u2013269","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"3184_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2012.12.153","volume":"17","author":"Klerk","year":"2013","unstructured":"Klerk TA de, Sharma V, Arkwright PD et al (2013) Severe vernal keratoconjunctivitis successfully treated with subcutaneous omalizumab. J AAPOS 17:305\u2013306","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"3184_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.09.014","volume":"155","author":"Reddy","year":"2013","unstructured":"Reddy JC, Basu S, Saboo US et al (2013) Management, clinical outcomes, and complications of shield ulcers in vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Am J Ophthalmol 155:550\u2013559","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3184_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-200405000-00003","volume":"23","author":"Tanaka","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tanaka M, Takano Y, Dogru M et al (2004) A comparative evaluation of the efficacy of intraoperative mitomycin C use after the excision of cobblestone-like papillae in severe atopic and vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Cornea 23:326\u2013329","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"3184_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3181cbf9d3","volume":"30","author":"Sangwan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sangwan VS, Jain V, Vemuganti GK, Murthy SI (2011) Vernal keratoconjunctivitis with limbal stem cell deficiency. Cornea 30:491\u2013496","journal-title":"Cornea"}],"container-title":["Der Ophthalmologe"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00347-014-3184-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00347-014-3184-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00347-014-3184-z","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,28]],"date-time":"2019-05-28T09:51:57Z","timestamp":1559037117000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00347-014-3184-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,17]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]}},"alternative-id":["3184"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00347-014-3184-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0941-293X","1433-0423"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0941-293X","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-0423","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,17]]}}}