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Here, we studied how change in photoperiod affects DNA methylation in the testes of a highly seasonal breeder: the Siberian hamster (<jats:italic>Phodopus sungorus)<\/jats:italic>. We hypothesized that DNA methylation in promoter regions associated with key reproductive genes such as follicle-stimulating hormone receptor in the testes is linked to breeding and non-breeding states. Using Oxford Nanopore sequencing, we identified more than 10\u00a0million (10,151,742) differentially methylated cytosine-guanine (CpG) sites in the genome between breeding long photoperiod and non-breeding short photoperiod conditions. ShinyGo enrichment analyses identified biological pathways consisting of reproductive system, hormone-mediated signalling and gonad development. We found that short photoperiod induced DNA methylation in the promoter regions for androgen receptor (<jats:italic>Ar)<\/jats:italic>, estrogen receptors (<jats:italic>Esr1<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> Esr2)<\/jats:italic>, kisspeptin1 receptor (<jats:italic>kiss1r)<\/jats:italic> and follicle-stimulating hormone receptor <jats:italic>(Fshr).<\/jats:italic> Long photoperiods were observed to have higher DNA methylation in promoters for basic helix-loop-helix ARNT-like 1 (<jats:italic>Bmal1)<\/jats:italic>, progesterone receptor (<jats:italic>Pgr)<\/jats:italic> and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (<jats:italic>Tshr)<\/jats:italic>. Our findings provide insights into the epigenetic mechanisms underlying seasonal adaptations in timing reproduction in Siberian hamsters and could be informative for understanding male fertility and reproductive disorders in mammals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00359-025-01733-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,15]],"date-time":"2025-02-15T05:13:05Z","timestamp":1739596385000},"page":"327-337","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Photoperiod-driven testicular DNA methylation in gonadotropin and sex steroid receptor promoters in Siberian hamsters"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"211","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8414-9931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irem","family":"Denizli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn R.","family":"Elmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyler J.","family":"Stevenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"1733_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1038\/s41438-021-00619-7","volume":"8","author":"Y Ai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ai Y, Jing S, Cheng Z et al (2021) DNA methylation affects photoperiodic tuberization in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) by mediating the expression of genes related to the photoperiod and GA pathways. 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