{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T02:15:04Z","timestamp":1788056104543,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788048000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007537","name":"Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007537","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Comp Physiol A"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A laboratory-based setup was developed that allowed us to train bumblebees to a rewarding object (local cue) in the context of a panorama and simultaneously to record extracellularly the neural activity of units interpreted as mushroom body extrinsic neurons (MBENs). This setting simulates conditions flower visiting bees face when foraging excluding the compass related conditions. The bumblebees navigated between the colony and the test\/feeding arena on their own motivation, starting from a fully functional colony with a queen. They learned by sucrose reward a specific feeding place marked by the rewarding object local cue (blue pyramid cylinder) placed in a fixed spatial relation to the panorama (matching panorama). Spontaneous choice tests and extinction tests revealed enhanced search behavior for the learned matching condition. Single or multiple (up to three) simultaneously recorded neurons referred to here as units revealed learning-related differences either by increased, decreased or unchanged neural activity. We focused on tests in which the local cue was presented in the same area as the panorama (learned condition: matched) or in separate areas (mismatched condition). Neural activity differed in these two test conditions. This learning effect did not depend on the areas tested, indicating that the whole arena had been learned as an environment in which the local cue and the panorama were spatially related. No changes in neural activity were found for head direction toward the goal (local cue, panorama, matched or mismatched), distance to the goals or the gateway. No place-cell-like activity patterns were found. Significant neural effects were also seen in some units during multiple walks between local cue and panorama in mismatch tests.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00359-026-01843-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T02:01:00Z","timestamp":1788055260000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Search for neural correlates of object and panorama learning in mushroom body extrinsic neurons of bumblebees"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Inga","family":"Fuchs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Paffhausen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9576-039X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Randolf","family":"Menzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"1843_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2024.09.005","volume":"47","author":"J Basu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Basu J, Nagel K (2024) Neural circuits for goal-directed navigation across species. Trends Neurosci 47(11):904\u2013917. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tins.2024.09.005","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"1843_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1038\/361631a0","volume":"361","author":"R Biegler","year":"1993","unstructured":"Biegler R, Morris RGM (1993) Landmark stability is a prerequisite for spatial but not discrimination learning. Nature 361:631\u2013633. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/361631a0","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"17","key":"1843_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.07.013","volume":"30","author":"C Buehlmann","year":"2020","unstructured":"Buehlmann C, Wozniak B, Goulard R, Webb B, Graham P, Niven JE (2020) Mushroom bodies are required for learned visual navigation, but not for innate visual behavior, in ants. Curr Biol 30(17):3438","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1843_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00171738","volume":"26","author":"RV Cartar","year":"1990","unstructured":"Cartar RV, Dill LM (1990) Why are bumble bees risk-sensitive foragers? Behav Ecol Sociobiol 26(2):121\u2013127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00171738","journal-title":"Behav Ecol Sociobiol"},{"key":"1843_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00605469","volume":"151","author":"BA Cartwright","year":"1983","unstructured":"Cartwright BA, Collett TS (1983) Landmark learning in bees - experiments and models. J Comp Physiol 151:521\u2013543. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00605469","journal-title":"J Comp Physiol"},{"key":"1843_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1992.0107","volume":"337","author":"TS Collett","year":"1992","unstructured":"Collett TS (1992) Landmark learning and guidance in insects. Phil Trans R Soc Lond B 337:295\u2013303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstb.1992.0107","journal-title":"Phil Trans R Soc Lond B"},{"issue":"12","key":"1843_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2004.06.013","volume":"14","author":"TS Collett","year":"2004","unstructured":"Collett TS, Graham P (2004) Animal navigation: path integration, visual landmarks and cognitive maps. Curr Biol 14(12):R475\u2013R477","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"1843_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2800","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.08.013","volume":"26","author":"J Degen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Degen J, Kirbach A, Reiter L, Lehmann K, Norton P, Storms M, Koblofsky M, Winter S, Georgieva PB, Nguyen H, Menzel R (2016) Honeybees learn landscape features during exploratory orientation flights. Curr Biol 26:2800\u20132804. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2016.08.013","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1843_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1008272","volume":"16","author":"C Doussot","year":"2020","unstructured":"Doussot C, Bertrand OJ, Egelhaaf M (2020) Visually guided homing of bumblebees in ambiguous situations: a behavioural and modelling study. PLoS Comput Biol 16(10):e1008272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1008272","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"1843_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2015.07.017","volume":"254","author":"A Duer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Duer A, Paffhausen BH, Menzel R (2015) High order neural correlates of social behavior in the honeybee brain. J Neurosci Methods 254:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2015.07.017","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"issue":"18","key":"1843_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.250485","volume":"228","author":"S Eckel","year":"2025","unstructured":"Eckel S, Lindemann JP, Egelhaaf M (2025) Visual place learning by walking bumblebees in virtual reality. J Exp Biol 228(18):jeb250485. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jeb.250485","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"1843_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/C2009-0-00736-3","volume-title":"The principles of pollination ecology","author":"K Faegri","year":"1978","unstructured":"Faegri K, van der Pijl L (1978) The principles of pollination ecology, 3 edn. Pergamon Press, Oxford. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/C2009-0-00736-3","edition":"3 edn"},{"key":"1843_CR13","first-page":"282","volume-title":"Coevolution","author":"P Feinsinger","year":"1983","unstructured":"Feinsinger P (1983) Coevolution and pollination. In: Futuyma DJ, Slatkin M (eds) Coevolution. Sinauer, Sunderland,Mass., pp 282\u2013310"},{"issue":"2","key":"1843_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2009.10.001","volume":"156","author":"JE Ferguson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ferguson JE, Boldt C, Redish AD (2009) Creating low-impedance tetrodes by electroplating with additives. Sens Actuators A Phys 156(2):388\u2013393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sna.2009.10.001","journal-title":"Sens Actuators A Phys"},{"key":"1843_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00776.2014","volume":"114","author":"I Filla","year":"2015","unstructured":"Filla I, Menzel R (2015) Mushroom body extrinsic neurons in the honeybee (Apis mellifera) brain integrate context and cue values upon attentional stimulus selection. J Neurophysiol 114:2005\u20132014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jn.00776.2014","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"1843_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02331508","volume":"2","author":"J Free","year":"1955","unstructured":"Free J (1955) The collection of food by bumblebees. Insectes Soc 2:303\u2013311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02331508","journal-title":"Insectes Soc"},{"key":"1843_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.3390\/insects17060651","volume":"17","author":"I Fuchs","year":"2026","unstructured":"Fuchs I, Menzel R (2026) The effect of Thiacloprid an essential components of navigation and pollination in bumblees: a laboratory approaoch. InSects 17:651\u2013666. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/insects17060651","journal-title":"InSects"},{"key":"1843_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/s00114-005-0002-0","volume":"92","author":"AM Granero","year":"2005","unstructured":"Granero AM, Sanz JMG, Gonzalez FJE, Vidal JLM, Dornhaus A, Ghani J, Serrano AR, Chittka L (2005) Chemical compounds of the foraging recruitment pheromone in bumblebees. Naturwissenschaften 92:371\u2013374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00114-005-0002-0","journal-title":"Naturwissenschaften"},{"key":"1843_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00359-025-01780-3","author":"R Grob","year":"2026","unstructured":"Grob R, Farnworth MS, Degen J, Warrant E, Montgomery SH, El Jundi B (2026) The diversity of lepidopteran spatial orientation strategies\u2013neuronal mechanisms and emerging challenges in a changing world. J Comp Physiol A. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00359-025-01780-3","journal-title":"J Comp Physiol A"},{"key":"1843_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1074","volume":"4","author":"M Heisenberg","year":"2003","unstructured":"Heisenberg M (2003) Mushroom body memoir: from maps to models (review). Nat Rev Neurosci 4:266\u2013275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn1074","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"1843_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s00114-004-0525-9","volume":"91","author":"U Homberg","year":"2004","unstructured":"Homberg U (2004) In search of the sky compass in the insect brain. Naturwissenschaften 91(5):199\u2013208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00114-004-0525-9","journal-title":"Naturwissenschaften"},{"key":"1843_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Homberg U, Heinze S, Pfeiffer K, Kinoshita M, el JB (2011) Central neural coding of sky polarization in insects. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 366 (1565):680\u2013687, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstb.2010.0199","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2010.0199"},{"key":"1843_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2014.08.005","volume":"97","author":"N Jin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jin N, Landgraf T, Klein S, Menzel R (2014) Walking bumblebees memorize panorama and local cues in a laboratory test of navigation. Anim Behav 97:13\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anbehav.2014.08.005","journal-title":"Anim Behav"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"1843_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphysparis.2014.07.004","volume":"108","author":"R Menzel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Menzel R (2014) The insect mushroom body, an experience-dependent recoding device. J Physiol-Paris 108(2\u20133):84\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jphysparis.2014.07.004","journal-title":"J Physiol-Paris"},{"key":"1843_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00359-023-01619-9","volume":"209","author":"R Menzel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Menzel R (2023) Navigation and dance communication in honeybees: a cognitive perspective. J Comp Physiol A 209:1\u201313","journal-title":"J Comp Physiol A"},{"key":"1843_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Menzel R (2022) In Search for the Retrievable Memory Trace in an Insect Brain. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience 16,https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnsys.2022.876376","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2022.876376"},{"issue":"4","key":"1843_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19981228)402:4<520::AID-CNE6>3.0.CO;2-K","volume":"402","author":"M Mizunami","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mizunami M, Weibrecht JM, Strausfeld NJ (1998) Mushroom bodies of the cockroach: their participation in place memory. J Comp Neurol 402(4):520\u2013537. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19981228)402:4%3c520::AID-CNE6%3e3.0.CO;2-K","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"1843_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(82)90003-0","author":"RGM Morris","year":"1982","unstructured":"Morris RGM (1982) New approaches to learning and memory. Trends Neurosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0166-2236(82)90003-0","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"1843_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.31.061307.090723","volume":"31","author":"EI Moser","year":"2008","unstructured":"Moser EI, Kropff E, Moser MB (2008) Place cells, grid cells, and the brain\u2019s spatial representation system. Annu Rev Neurosci 31:69\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.neuro.31.061307.090723","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"7199","key":"1843_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07003","volume":"453","author":"K Neuser","year":"2008","unstructured":"Neuser K, Triphan T, Mronz M, Poeck B, Strauss R (2008) Analysis of a spatial orientation memory in Drosophila. Nature 453(7199):1244\u20131247","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7350","key":"1843_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10131","volume":"474","author":"TA Ofstad","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ofstad TA, Zuker CS, Reiser MB (2011) Visual place learning in Drosophila melanogaster. Nature 474(7350):204\u2013207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature10131","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"43","key":"1843_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11736","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2227-07.2007","volume":"27","author":"R Okada","year":"2007","unstructured":"Okada R, Rybak J, Manz G, Menzel R (2007) Learning-related plasticity in PE1 and other mushroom body-extrinsic neurons in the honeybee brain. J Neurosci 27(43):11736\u201311747. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2227-07.2007","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"1843_CR33","volume-title":"The hippocampus as a cognitive map","author":"J O'Keefe","year":"1978","unstructured":"O\u2019Keefe J, Nadel J (1978) The hippocampus as a cognitive map. Oxford U. Press, New York"},{"key":"1843_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2020.00062","volume":"14","author":"BH Paffhausen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Paffhausen BH, Fuchs I, Duer A, Hillmer I, Dimitriou IM, Menzel R (2020) Neural correlates of social behavior in mushroom body extrinsic neurons of the honeybee Apis mellifera. Front Behav Neurosci 14:62\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnbeh.2020.00062","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"1843_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Patel RN, Kempenaers J, Heinze S (2022) Vector navigation in walking bumblebees. Current Biology 32 (13):2871\u20132883. e2874, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2022.05.011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2022.05.011"},{"key":"1843_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00190398","volume":"170","author":"D Peitsch","year":"1992","unstructured":"Peitsch D, Fietz A, Hertel H, de Souza J, Ventura DF, Menzel R (1992) The spectral input systems of hymenopteran insects and their receptor-based colour vision. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 170:23\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00190398","journal-title":"J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1843_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.081455","volume":"216","author":"A Philippides","year":"2013","unstructured":"Philippides A, de Ibarra NH, Riabinina O, Collett TS (2013) Bumblebee calligraphy: the design and control of flight motifs in the learning and return flights of Bombus terrestris. J Exp Biol 216(6):1093\u20131104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jeb.081455","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1843_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903340309","volume":"334","author":"J Rybak","year":"1993","unstructured":"Rybak J, Menzel R (1993) Anatomy of the mushroom bodies in the honey bee brain: the neuronal connections of the alpha-lobe. J Comp Neurol 334(3):444\u2013465","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"1843_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2020.00056","volume":"14","author":"R Scheiner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Scheiner R, Frantzmann F, J\u00e4ger M, Mitesser O, Helfrich-F\u00f6rster C, Pauls D (2020) A novel thermal-visual place learning paradigm for honeybees (Apis mellifera). Front Behav Neurosci 14:56. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnbeh.2020.00056","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"1843_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Scheuring N, Pfeiffer K, Beetz MJ (2025) Honeybees acquire a spatial memory by learning landmarks and visual patterns in parallel. bioRxiv:2025.2009. 2025.678702, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2025.09.25.678702","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.09.25.678702"},{"issue":"9","key":"1843_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0137413","volume":"10","author":"MF Strube-Bloss","year":"2015","unstructured":"Strube-Bloss MF, Brown A, Spaethe J, Schmitt T, R\u00f6ssler W (2015) Extracting the behaviorally relevant stimulus: unique neural representation of farnesol, a component of the recruitment pheromone of Bombus terrestris. PLoS ONE 10(9):e0137413. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0137413","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"13","key":"1843_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2476","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.157404","volume":"220","author":"WF Towne","year":"2017","unstructured":"Towne WF, Ritrovato AE, Esposto A, Brown DF (2017) Honeybees use the skyline in orientation. J Exp Biol 220(13):2476\u20132485. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jeb.157404","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1843_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1051\/apido:2006019","volume":"37","author":"HH Velthuis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Velthuis HH, Van Doorn A (2006) A century of advances in bumblebee domestication and the economic and environmental aspects of its commercialization for pollination. Apidologie 37(4):421\u2013451. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051\/apido:2006019","journal-title":"Apidologie"},{"key":"1843_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00634944","volume":"41","author":"K von Frisch","year":"1954","unstructured":"von Frisch K, Lindauer M (1954) Himmel und Erde in Konkurrenz bei der Orientierung der Bienen. Naturwiss 41:245\u2013253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00634944","journal-title":"Naturwiss"},{"issue":"17","key":"1843_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4368","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2958-07.2008","volume":"28","author":"Y Wang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wang Y, Mamiya A, Chiang AS, Zhong Y (2008) Imaging of an early memory trace in the Drosophila mushroom body. J Neurosci 28(17):4368\u20134376","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"1843_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-025-03593-5","volume":"79","author":"Z Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang Z, Chen X, Okada R, Walter S, Menzel R (2025a) Encoding and decoding of the information in the honeybee waggle dance. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 79(5):53","journal-title":"Behav Ecol Sociobiol"},{"key":"1843_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang Z, Mach J, Chen X, Menzel R (2025b) Waggle-dance-recruited honeybees expect landscape structures. Current Biology","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.5202570"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1843_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.188094","volume":"222","author":"B Webb","year":"2019","unstructured":"Webb B (2019) The internal maps of insects. J Exp Biol 222(Suppl 1):jeb188094","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"1843_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674247918","volume-title":"Desert navigator","author":"R Wehner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wehner R (2020) Desert navigator. Harvard University Press"},{"issue":"1637","key":"1843_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2007.1647","volume":"275","author":"J Wessnitzer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wessnitzer J, Mangan M, Webb B (2008) Place memory in crickets. Proc R Soc B Biol Sci 275(1637):915\u2013921. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rspb.2007.1647","journal-title":"Proc R Soc B Biol Sci"},{"key":"1843_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2018.00279","volume":"12","author":"H Zwaka","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zwaka H, Bartels R, Lehfeldt S, Jusyte M, Hantke S, Menzel S, Gora J, Alberdi R, Menzel R (2019) Learning and its neural correlates in a virtual environment for honeybees. Front Behav Neurosci 12:279. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnbeh.2018.00279","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci"}],"container-title":["Journal of Comparative Physiology A"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00359-026-01843-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00359-026-01843-z","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00359-026-01843-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T02:01:03Z","timestamp":1788055263000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00359-026-01843-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["1843"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00359-026-01843-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-7594","1432-1351"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-7594","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1351","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 July 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 August 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 August 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article. All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript. The authors have no financial or proprietary interests in any material discussed in this article.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}