{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T20:00:25Z","timestamp":1791316825926,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,23]],"date-time":"2008-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1216771200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Comp Physiol B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00360-008-0291-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,22]],"date-time":"2008-07-22T11:21:52Z","timestamp":1216725712000},"page":"67-76","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":118,"title":["Lessons from comparative physiology: could uric acid represent a physiologic alarm signal gone awry in western society?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"179","author":[{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuri Y.","family":"Sautin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William J.","family":"Oliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Roncal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Gabriela Sanchez-Lozada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernardo","family":"Rodriguez-Iturbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahiko","family":"Nakagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven A.","family":"Benner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"291_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000164570.20420.67","volume":"45","author":"Z Ackerman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ackerman Z, Oron-Herman M, Grozovski M, Rosenthal T, Pappo O, Link G, Sela BA (2005) Fructose-induced fatty liver disease: hepatic effects of blood pressure and plasma triglyceride reduction. Hypertension 45:1012\u20131018","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"291_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6858","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.78.11.6858","volume":"78","author":"BN Ames","year":"1981","unstructured":"Ames BN, Cathcart R, Schwiers E, Hochstein P (1981) Uric acid provides an antioxidant defense in humans against oxidant- and radical-caused aging and cancer: a hypothesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78:6858\u20136862","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"291_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1991.0109","volume":"334","author":"P Andrews","year":"1991","unstructured":"Andrews P, Martin L (1991) Hominoid dietary evolution. Philos Trans R Soc Lond A 334:199\u2013209 discussion 209","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond A"},{"key":"291_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(97)00062-2","volume":"23","author":"G Banhegyi","year":"1997","unstructured":"Banhegyi G, Braun L, Csala M, Puskas F, Mandl J (1997) Ascorbate metabolism and its regulation in animals. Free Radic Biol Med 23:793\u2013803","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"291_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(88)90205-3","volume":"24","author":"CM Barrera","year":"1988","unstructured":"Barrera CM, Ruiz ZR, Dunlap WP (1988) Uric acid: a participating factor in the symptoms of hyperactivity. Biol Psychiatry 24:344\u2013347","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"291_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(89)90515-7","volume":"33","author":"CM Barrera","year":"1989","unstructured":"Barrera CM, Hunter RE, Dunlap WP (1989) Hyperuricemia and locomotor activity in developing rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 33:367\u2013369","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"291_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0803-74","volume":"289","author":"DR Begun","year":"2003","unstructured":"Begun DR (2003) Planet of the apes. Sci Am 289:74\u201383","journal-title":"Sci Am"},{"key":"291_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(72)90020-7","volume":"16","author":"S Bloch","year":"1972","unstructured":"Bloch S, Brackenridge CJ (1972) Psychological, performance and biochemical factors in medical students under examination stress. J Psychosom Res 16:25\u201333","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"291_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-0182(03)00367-5","volume":"195","author":"M Bohme","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bohme M (2003) The Miocene climatic optimum:evidence from ectothermic vertebrates of Central Europe. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 195:389\u2013401","journal-title":"Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol"},{"key":"291_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.9.1242","volume":"23","author":"EJ Boyko","year":"2000","unstructured":"Boyko EJ, de Courten M, Zimmet PZ, Chitson P, Tuomilehto J, Alberti KG (2000) Features of the metabolic syndrome predict higher risk of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance: a prospective study in Mauritius. Diabetes care 23:1242\u20131248","journal-title":"Diabetes care"},{"key":"291_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/79.4.537","volume":"79","author":"GA Bray","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bray GA, Nielsen SJ, Popkin BM (2004) Consumption of high-fructose corn syrup in beverages may play a role in the epidemic of obesity. Am J Clin Nutr 79:537\u2013543","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"291_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1966.03100060055017","volume":"195","author":"GW Brooks","year":"1966","unstructured":"Brooks GW, Mueller E (1966) Serum urate concentrations among university professors: relation to drive, achievement, and leadership. JAMA 195:415\u2013418","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"291_CR13","first-page":"R730","volume":"294","author":"CM Brown","year":"2008","unstructured":"Brown CM, Dulloo AG, Yepuri G, Montani JP (2008) Fructose ingestion acutely elevates blood pressure in healthy young humans. Am J Physiol 294:R730\u2013737","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"291_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197003192821209","volume":"282","author":"GF Cahill Jr","year":"1970","unstructured":"Cahill GF Jr (1970) Starvation in man. N Engl J Med 282:668\u2013675","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"291_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00008.2003","volume":"83","author":"HV Carey","year":"2003","unstructured":"Carey HV, Andrews MT, Martin SL (2003) Mammalian hibernation: cellular and molecular responses to depressed metabolism and low temperature. Physiol Rev 83:1153\u20131181","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"291_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwg260","volume":"158","author":"MR Carnethon","year":"2003","unstructured":"Carnethon MR, Fortmann SP, Palaniappan L, Duncan BB, Schmidt MI, Chambless LE (2003) Risk factors for progression to incident hyperinsulinemia: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study, 1987\u20131998. Am J Epidemiol 158:1058\u20131067","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"291_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(94)00287-S","volume":"50","author":"E Challet","year":"1995","unstructured":"Challet E, le Maho Y, Robin JP, Malan A, Cherel Y (1995) Involvement of corticosterone in the fasting-induced rise in protein utilization and locomotor activity. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 50:405\u2013412","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"291_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(91)90076-Z","volume":"50","author":"Y Cherel","year":"1991","unstructured":"Cherel Y, Le Maho Y (1991) Refeeding after the late increase in nitrogen excretion during prolonged fasting in the rat. Physiol Behav 50:345\u2013349","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"291_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00260757","volume":"162","author":"Y Cherel","year":"1992","unstructured":"Cherel Y, Robin JP, Heitz A, Calgari C, Le Maho Y (1992) Relationships between lipid availability and protein utilization during prolonged fasting. J Comp Physiol 162:305\u2013313","journal-title":"J Comp Physiol"},{"key":"291_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2007.01.005","volume":"5","author":"KJ Cheung","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cheung KJ, Tzameli I, Pissios P, Rovira I, Gavrilova O, Ohtsubo T, Chen Z, Finkel T, Flier JS, Friedman JM (2007) Xanthine oxidoreductase is a regulator of adipogenesis and PPARgamma activity. Cell metab 5:115\u2013128","journal-title":"Cell metab"},{"key":"291_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210050784","volume":"127","author":"WH Church","year":"1999","unstructured":"Church WH, Rappolt G (1999) Nigrostriatal catecholamine metabolism in guinea pigs is altered by purine enzyme inhibition. Exp Brain Res 127:147\u2013150","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"291_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e3282f240bf","volume":"26","author":"DB Corry","year":"2008","unstructured":"Corry DB, Eslami P, Yamamoto K, Nyby MD, Makino H, Tuck ML (2008) Uric acid stimulates vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and oxidative stress via the vascular renin-angiotensin system. J Hypertens 26:269\u2013275","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"291_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hch064","volume":"97","author":"MR Davids","year":"2004","unstructured":"Davids MR, Segal AS, Brunengraber H, Halperin ML (2004) An unusual cause for ketoacidosis. QJM 97:365\u2013376","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"291_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2350747","volume":"235","author":"KJ Davies","year":"1986","unstructured":"Davies KJ, Sevanian A, Muakkassah-Kelly SF, Hochstein P (1986) Uric acid-iron ion complexes. A new aspect of the antioxidant functions of uric acid. Biochem J 235:747\u2013754","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"291_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-1276","volume":"31","author":"A Dehghan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dehghan A, van Hoek M, Sijbrands EJ, Hofman A, Witteman JC (2007) High serum uric acid as a novel risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes care 31:361\u2013362","journal-title":"Diabetes care"},{"key":"291_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-1276","volume":"31","author":"A Dehghan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dehghan A, van Hoek M, Sijbrands EJ, Hofman A, Witteman JC (2008) High serum uric acid as a novel risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care 31:361\u2013362","journal-title":"Diabetes care"},{"key":"291_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1981.03320190063034","volume":"246","author":"WB Duffy","year":"1981","unstructured":"Duffy WB, Senekjian HO, Knight TF, Weinman EJ (1981) Management of asymptomatic hyperuricemia. JAMA 246:2215\u20132216","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"291_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1638\/1042-7260(2003)34[0053:ACBPAP]2.0.CO;2","volume":"34","author":"CJ Dutton","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dutton CJ, Taylor P (2003) A comparison between pre- and posthibernation morphometry, hematology, and blood chemistry in viperid snakes. J Zoo Wildl Med 34:53\u201358","journal-title":"J Zoo Wildl Med"},{"key":"291_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198501313120505","volume":"312","author":"SB Eaton","year":"1985","unstructured":"Eaton SB, Konner M (1985) Paleolithic nutrition. A consideration of its nature and current implications. N Engl J Med 312:283\u2013289","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"291_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9629(15)40832-8","volume":"320","author":"BM Egan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Egan BM, Lackland DT (2000) Biochemical and metabolic effects of very-low-salt diets. Am J Med Sci 320:233\u2013239","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"291_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3008","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1991.03470210076036","volume":"266","author":"F Facchini","year":"1991","unstructured":"Facchini F, Chen YD, Hollenbeck CB, Reaven GM (1991) Relationship between resistance to insulin-mediated glucose uptake, urinary uric acid clearance, and plasma uric acid concentration. JAMA 266:3008\u20133011","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"291_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(62)90501-9","volume":"280","author":"JS Faires","year":"1962","unstructured":"Faires JS, McCarty DJ (1962) Acute arthritis in man and dog after intrasynovial injection of sodium urate crystals. Lancet 280:682\u2013685","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"291_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000085858.66548.59","volume":"42","author":"DI Feig","year":"2003","unstructured":"Feig DI, Johnson RJ (2003) Hyperuricemia in childhood primary hypertension. Hypertension 42:247\u2013252","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"291_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00729.x","volume":"66","author":"DI Feig","year":"2004","unstructured":"Feig DI, Nakagawa T, Karumanchi SA, Oliver WJ, Kang DH, Finch J, Johnson RJ (2004) Hypothesis: uric acid, nephron number, and the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. Kidney Int 66:281\u2013287","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"291_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.43.645","volume":"43","author":"TC Friedman","year":"1996","unstructured":"Friedman TC, Mastorakos G, Newman TD, Mullen NM, Horton EG, Costello R, Papadopoulos NM, Chrousos GP (1996) Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in endogenous hypercortisolism: shared features with metabolic syndrome X and NIDDM. Endocr J 43:645\u2013655","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"key":"291_CR37","unstructured":"Gersch C, Palii S, Angerhofer A, Imaram W, Johnson RJ, Henderson GN (2007) Uric acid\u2019s reaction with Peroxynitrite: Formation of Reactive Intermediates, Alklyation Products, and Triuret. BBRC (in press)"},{"key":"291_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780080422","volume":"8","author":"AB Gutman","year":"1965","unstructured":"Gutman AB (1965) Significance of uric acid as a nitrogenous waste in vertebrate evolution. Arthritis Rheum 8:614\u2013626","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"291_CR39","first-page":"196","volume":"6","author":"EF Hartung","year":"1957","unstructured":"Hartung EF (1957) Symposium on gout: historical considerations. Metabolism 6:196\u2013208","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"291_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2005.tb00132.x","volume":"63","author":"PJ Havel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Havel PJ (2005) Dietary fructose: implications for dysregulation of energy homeostasis and lipid\/carbohydrate metabolism. Nutr Rev 63:133\u2013157","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"291_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2004.03.014","volume":"141","author":"G Heldmaier","year":"2004","unstructured":"Heldmaier G, Ortmann S, Elvert R (2004) Natural hypometabolism during hibernation and daily torpor in mammals. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 141:317\u2013329","journal-title":"Respir Physiol Neurobiol"},{"key":"291_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000027524.86752.02","volume":"22","author":"HU Hink","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hink HU, Santanam N, Dikalov S, McCann L, Nguyen AD, Parthasarathy S, Harrison DG, Fukai T (2002) Peroxidase properties of extracellular superoxide dismutase: role of uric acid in modulating in vivo activity. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 22:1402\u20131408","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"291_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5059","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-04-1586","volume":"64","author":"DE Hu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hu DE, Moore AM, Thomsen LL, Brindle KM (2004) Uric acid promotes tumor immune rejection. Cancer Res 64:5059\u20135062","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"291_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(90)90360-T","volume":"35","author":"RE Hunter","year":"1990","unstructured":"Hunter RE, Barrera CM, Dohanich GP, Dunlap WP (1990) Effects of uric acid and caffeine on A1 adenosine receptor binding in developing rat brain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 35:791\u2013795","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"291_CR45","first-page":"R1182","volume":"278","author":"L Jenni","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jenni L, Jenni-Eiermann S, Spina F, Schwabl H (2000) Regulation of protein breakdown and adrenocortical response to stress in birds during migratory flight. Am J Physiol 278:R1182\u20131189","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"291_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2004.09.002","volume":"25","author":"RJ Johnson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Johnson RJ, Titte S, Cade JR, Rideout BA, Oliver WJ (2005) Uric acid, evolution and primitive cultures. Semin Nephrol 25:3\u20138","journal-title":"Semin Nephrol"},{"key":"291_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/86.4.899","volume":"86","author":"RJ Johnson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Johnson RJ, Segal MS, Sautin Y, Nakagawa T, Feig DI, Kang DH, Gersch MS, Benner S, Sanchez-Lozada LG (2007) Potential role of sugar (fructose) in the epidemic of hypertension, obesity and the metabolic syndrome, diabetes, kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr 86:899\u2013906","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"291_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2008.01.017","volume":"71","author":"RJ Johnson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Johnson RJ, Gaucher EA, Sautin YY, Henderson GN, Angerhofer AJ, Benner SA (2008) The planetary biology of ascorbate and uric acid and their relationship with the epidemic of obesity and cardiovascular disease. Med Hypotheses 71:22\u201331","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"291_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-007-9253-3","volume":"39","author":"M Kanbay","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kanbay M, Ozkara A, Selcoki Y, Isik B, Turgut F, Bavbek N, Uz E, Akcay A, Yigitoglu R, Covic A (2007) Effect of treatment of hyperuricemia with allopurinol on blood pressure, creatinine clearence, and proteinuria in patients with normal renal functions. Int Urol Nephrol 39:1227\u20131233","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"291_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000072820.07472.3B","volume":"41","author":"J Kanellis","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kanellis J, Watanabe S, Li JH, Kang DH, Li P, Nakagawa T, Wamsley A, Sheikh-Hamad D, Lan HY, Feng L, Johnson RJ (2003) Uric acid stimulates monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 production in vascular smooth muscle cells via mitogen-activated protein kinase and cyclooxygenase-2. Hypertension 41:1287\u20131293","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"291_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3553","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2005050572","volume":"16","author":"DH Kang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kang DH, Park SK, Lee IK, Johnson RJ (2005) Uric acid-induced C-reactive protein expression: implication on cell proliferation and nitric oxide production of human vascular cells. J Am Soc Nephrol 16:3553\u20133562","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"291_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.1959.tb01447.x","volume":"34","author":"J Keilin","year":"1959","unstructured":"Keilin J (1959) The biological significance of uric acid and guanine excretion. Biol Rev Cambridge Phil Soc 34:265\u2013296","journal-title":"Biol Rev Cambridge Phil Soc"},{"key":"291_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2005.00273.x","volume":"67","author":"UM Khosla","year":"2005","unstructured":"Khosla UM, Zharikov S, Finch JL, Nakagawa T, Roncal C, Mu W, Krotova K, Block ER, Prabhakar S, Johnson RJ (2005) Hyperuricemia induces endothelial dysfunction. Kidney Int 67:1739\u20131742","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"291_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2005.10.015","volume":"29","author":"T Kofidis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kofidis T, Lebl DR, Swijnenburg RJ, Greeve JM, Klima U, Robbins RC (2006) Allopurinol\/uricase and ibuprofen enhance engraftment of cardiomyocyte-enriched human embryonic stem cells and improve cardiac function following myocardial injury. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 29:50\u201355","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"291_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2005.05.009","volume":"70","author":"N Kuzkaya","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kuzkaya N, Weissmann N, Harrison DG, Dikalov S (2005) Interactions of peroxynitrite with uric acid in the presence of ascorbate and thiols: implications for uncoupling endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Biochem Pharmacol 70:343\u2013354","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"291_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1924.02650340012004","volume":"82","author":"WG Lennox","year":"1924","unstructured":"Lennox WG (1924) Increase of uric acid in the blood during prolonged starvation. JAMA 82:602","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"291_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2004.04.025","volume":"37","author":"YL Ma","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ma YL, Rice ME, Chao ML, Rivera PM, Zhao HW, Ross AP, Zhu X, Smith MA, Drew KL (2004) Ascorbate distribution during hibernation is independent of ascorbate redox state. Free Radic Biol Med 37:511\u2013520","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"291_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000091371.53502.D3","volume":"42","author":"K Masuo","year":"2003","unstructured":"Masuo K, Kawaguchi H, Mikami H, Ogihara T, Tuck ML (2003) Serum uric acid and plasma norepinephrine concentrations predict subsequent weight gain and blood pressure elevation. Hypertension 42:474\u2013480","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"291_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1161\/hy1101.092839","volume":"38","author":"M Mazzali","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mazzali M, Hughes J, Kim YG, Jefferson JA, Kang DH, Gordon KL, Lan HY, Kivlighn S, Johnson RJ (2001) Elevated uric acid increases blood pressure in the rat by a novel crystal-independent mechanism. Hypertension 38:1101\u20131106","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"291_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1021\/jf60227a026","volume":"28","author":"S Nagy","year":"1980","unstructured":"Nagy S (1980) Vitamin C contents of citrus fruit and their products: a review. J Agric Food Chem 28:8\u201318","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"291_CR61","first-page":"F625","volume":"290","author":"T Nakagawa","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nakagawa T, Hu H, Zharikov S, Tuttle KR, Short RA, Glushakova O, Ouyang X, Feig DI, Block ER, Herrera-Acosta J, Patel JM, Johnson RJ (2006a) A causal role for uric acid in fructose-induced metabolic syndrome. Am J Physiol 290:F625\u2013631","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"291_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpneph0019","volume":"1","author":"T Nakagawa","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nakagawa T, Tuttle KR, Short RA, Johnson RJ (2006b) Fructose-induced hyperuricemia as a casual mechanism for the epidemic of the metabolic syndrome. Nat Clin Pract Nephrol 1:80\u201386","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Nephrol"},{"key":"291_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024600905574","volume":"18","author":"N Nakanishi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nakanishi N, Okamoto M, Yoshida H, Matsuo Y, Suzuki K, Tatara K (2003) Serum uric acid and risk for development of hypertension and impaired fasting glucose or Type II diabetes in Japanese male office workers. Eur J Epidemiol 18:523\u2013530","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"291_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(99)00214-2","volume":"148","author":"FJ Nieto","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nieto FJ, Iribarren C, Gross MD, Comstock GW, Cutler RG (2000) Uric acid and serum antioxidant capacity: a reaction to atherosclerosis? Atherosclerosis 148:131\u2013139","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"291_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004123","volume":"19","author":"M Oda","year":"2002","unstructured":"Oda M, Satta Y, Takenaka O, Takahata N (2002) Loss of urate oxidase activity in hominoids and its evolutionary implications. Mol Biol Evol 19:640\u2013653","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"291_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780080443","volume":"8","author":"MA Ogryzlo","year":"1965","unstructured":"Ogryzlo MA (1965) Hyperuricemia induced by high fat diets and starvation. Arthritis Rheum 8:799\u2013822","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"291_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.05.003","volume":"144","author":"I Okamoto","year":"2006","unstructured":"Okamoto I, Kayano T, Hanaya T, Arai S, Ikeda M, Kurimoto M (2006) Up-regulation of an extracellular superoxide dismutase-like activity in hibernating hamsters subjected to oxidative stress in mid- to late arousal from torpor. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 144:47\u201356","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"key":"291_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.52.1.146","volume":"52","author":"WJ Oliver","year":"1975","unstructured":"Oliver WJ, Cohen EL, Neel JV (1975) Blood pressure, sodium intake, and sodium related hormones in the Yanomamo Indians, a \u201cno-salt\u201d culture. Circulation 52:146\u2013151","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"291_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1038\/175683a0","volume":"175","author":"E Orowan","year":"1955","unstructured":"Orowan E (1955) The origin of man. Nature 175:683\u2013684","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"291_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2006.12.006","volume":"178","author":"PG Osborne","year":"2007","unstructured":"Osborne PG, Hashimoto M (2007) Brain ECF antioxidant interactions in hamsters during arousal from hibernation. Behav Brain Res 178:115\u2013122","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"291_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.02.011","volume":"48","author":"X Ouyang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ouyang X, Cirillo P, Sautin Y, McCall S, Bruchette JL, Diehl AM, Johnson RJ, Abdelmalek MF (2008) Fructose consumption as a risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol 48:993\u2013999","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"291_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(67)90494-1","volume":"2","author":"J Perheentupa","year":"1967","unstructured":"Perheentupa J, Raivio K (1967) Fructose-induced hyperuricaemia. Lancet 2:528\u2013531","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"291_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1127\/zma\/83\/2002\/337","volume":"83","author":"M Pickford","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pickford M (2002) Palaeoenvironments and hominoid evolution. Z Morphol Anthropol 83:337\u2013348","journal-title":"Z Morphol Anthropol"},{"key":"291_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1006\/mpev.1996.0010","volume":"5","author":"D Pilbeam","year":"1996","unstructured":"Pilbeam D (1996) Genetic and morphological records of the Hominoidea and hominid origins: a synthesis. Mol Phylogen Evol 5:155\u2013168","journal-title":"Mol Phylogen Evol"},{"key":"291_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1038\/228868a0","volume":"228","author":"P Proctor","year":"1970","unstructured":"Proctor P (1970) Similar functions of uric acid and ascorbate in man? Nature 228:868","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"291_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-197405000-00009","volume":"36","author":"RH Rahe","year":"1974","unstructured":"Rahe RH, Rubin RT, Arthur RJ (1974) The three investigators study. Serum uric acid, cholesterol, and cortisol variability during stresses of everyday life. Psychosom Med 36:258\u2013268","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"291_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250051169","volume":"42","author":"GM Reaven","year":"1999","unstructured":"Reaven GM (1999) Insulin resistance, the key to survival: a rose by any other name. Diabetologia 42:384\u2013385","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"291_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R746","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1998.274.1.C262","volume":"274","author":"JP Robin","year":"1998","unstructured":"Robin JP, Boucontet L, Chillet P, Groscolas R (1998) Behavioral changes in fasting emperor penguins: evidence for a \u201crefeeding signal\u201d linked to a metabolic shift. Am J Physiol 274:R746\u2013753","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"291_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1490543","volume":"149","author":"AG Rockall","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rockall AG, Sohaib SA, Evans D, Kaltsas G, Isidori AM, Monson JP, Besser GM, Grossman AB, Reznek RH (2003) Hepatic steatosis in Cushing\u2019s syndrome: a radiological assessment using computed tomography. Eur J Endocrinol 149:543\u2013548","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"291_CR81","first-page":"F710","volume":"294","author":"LG Sanchez-Lozada","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sanchez-Lozada LG, Tapia E, Bautista-Garcia P, Soto V, Avila-Casado C, Vega-Campos IP, Nakagawa T, Zhao L, Franco M, Johnson RJ (2008) Effects of febuxostat on metabolic and renal alterations in rats with fructose-induced metabolic syndrome. Am J Physiol 294:F710\u2013718","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"291_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.1999.1491","volume":"372","author":"CX Santos","year":"1999","unstructured":"Santos CX, Anjos EI, Augusto O (1999) Uric acid oxidation by peroxynitrite: multiple reactions, free radical formation, and amplification of lipid oxidation. Arch Biochem Biophys 372:285\u2013294","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"291_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C584","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00600.2006","volume":"293","author":"YY Sautin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sautin YY, Nakagawa T, Zharikov S, Johnson RJ (2007) Adverse effects of the classical antioxidant uric acid in adipocytes: NADPH oxidase-mediated oxidative\/nitrosative stress. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 293:C584\u2013596","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"291_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-007-0680-9","volume":"46","author":"MS Segal","year":"2007","unstructured":"Segal MS, Gollub E, Johnson RJ (2007) Is the fructose index more relevant with regards to cardiovascular disease than the glycemic index? Eur J Nutr 46:406\u2013417","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"291_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/0748-5514(85)90015-7","volume":"1","author":"A Sevanian","year":"1985","unstructured":"Sevanian A, Davies KJ, Hochstein P (1985) Conservation of vitamin C by uric acid in blood. J Free Radic Biol Med 1:117\u2013124","journal-title":"J Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"291_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01991","volume":"425","author":"Y Shi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shi Y, Evans JE, Rock KL (2003) Molecular identification of a danger signal that alerts the immune system to dying cells. Nature 425:516\u2013521","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"291_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3905","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.7.3905","volume":"176","author":"Y Shi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shi Y, Galusha SA, Rock KL (2006) Cutting edge: elimination of an endogenous adjuvant reduces the activation of CD8 T lymphocytes to transplanted cells and in an autoimmune diabetes model. J Immunol 176:3905\u20133908","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"291_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1126\/science.129.3365.1737","volume":"129","author":"D Stetten Jr","year":"1959","unstructured":"Stetten D Jr, Hearon JZ (1959) Intellectual level measured by army classification battery and serum uric acid concentration. Science 129:1737","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"291_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000150784.92944.9a","volume":"45","author":"J Sundstrom","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sundstrom J, Sullivan L, D\u2019Agostino RB, Levy D, Kannel WB, Vasan RS (2005) Relations of serum uric acid to longitudinal blood pressure tracking and hypertension incidence. Hypertension 45:28\u201333","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"291_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1159\/000105142","volume":"27","author":"KM Talaat","year":"2007","unstructured":"Talaat KM, El-Sheikh AR (2007) The effect of mild hyperuricemia on urinary transforming growth factor beta and the progression of chronic kidney disease. Am J Nephrol 27:435\u2013440","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"key":"291_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199309000-00013","volume":"34","author":"S Tan","year":"1993","unstructured":"Tan S, Radi R, Gaudier F, Evans RA, Rivera A, Kirk KA, Parks DA (1993) Physiologic levels of uric acid inhibit xanthine oxidase in human plasma. Pediatr Res 34:303\u2013307","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"291_CR92","first-page":"R572","volume":"281","author":"O Toien","year":"2001","unstructured":"Toien O, Drew KL, Chao ML, Rice ME (2001) Ascorbate dynamics and oxygen consumption during arousal from hibernation in Arctic ground squirrels. Am J Physiol 281:R572\u2013583","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"291_CR93","first-page":"156A","volume":"18","author":"I Toma","year":"2007","unstructured":"Toma I, Kang JJ, Meer EJ, Peti-Peterdi J (2007) Uric acid triggers renin release via a macula densa-dependent pathway. J Am Soc Nephrol 18:156A","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"291_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020835229591","volume":"241","author":"S Vasdev","year":"2002","unstructured":"Vasdev S, Gill V, Parai S, Longerich L, Gadag V (2002) Dietary vitamin E and C supplementation prevents fructose induced hypertension in rats. Mol Cell Biochem 241:107\u2013114","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"key":"291_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000028589.66335.AA","volume":"40","author":"S Watanabe","year":"2002","unstructured":"Watanabe S, Kang DH, Feng L, Nakagawa T, Kanellis J, Lan H, Mazzali M, Johnson RJ (2002) Uric acid, hominoid evolution, and the pathogenesis of salt-sensitivity. Hypertension 40:355\u2013360","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"291_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(87)90155-3","volume":"924","author":"DD Wayner","year":"1987","unstructured":"Wayner DD, Burton GW, Ingold KU, Barclay LR, Locke SJ (1987) The relative contributions of vitamin E, urate, ascorbate and proteins to the total peroxyl radical-trapping antioxidant activity of human blood plasma. Biochim Biophys Acta 924:408\u2013419","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"291_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-170-41462","volume":"170","author":"BC Wexler","year":"1982","unstructured":"Wexler BC (1982) Allantoxanamide-induced myocardial necrosis in Sprague-Dawley vs spontaneously hypertensive rats. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 170:476\u2013485","journal-title":"Proc Soc Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"291_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(77)90027-0","volume":"26","author":"BC Wexler","year":"1977","unstructured":"Wexler BC, Greenberg BP (1977) Effect of increased serum urate levels on virgin rats with no arteriosclerosis versus breeder rats with preexistent arteriosclerosis. Metabolism 26:1309\u20131320","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"291_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.3109\/10715769609149052","volume":"25","author":"M Whiteman","year":"1996","unstructured":"Whiteman M, Halliwell B (1996) Protection against peroxynitrite-dependent tyrosine nitration and alpha 1-antiproteinase inactivation by ascorbic acid. A comparison with other biological antioxidants. Free Radic Res 25:275\u2013283","journal-title":"Free Radic Res"},{"key":"291_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00163854","volume":"34","author":"XW Wu","year":"1992","unstructured":"Wu XW, Muzny DM, Lee CC, Caskey CT (1992) Two independent mutational events in the loss of urate oxidase during hominoid evolution. J Mol Evol 34:78\u201384","journal-title":"J Mol Evol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Comparative Physiology B"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00360-008-0291-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00360-008-0291-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00360-008-0291-7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T03:58:23Z","timestamp":1738295903000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00360-008-0291-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,23]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]}},"alternative-id":["291"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00360-008-0291-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0174-1578","1432-136X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0174-1578","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-136X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,23]]}}}