{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:40:29Z","timestamp":1790743229428,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,8]],"date-time":"2009-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1247011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Comp Physiol B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00360-009-0387-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,7]],"date-time":"2009-07-07T08:24:07Z","timestamp":1246955047000},"page":"67-72","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Melatonin rhythms in the Australian freshwater crocodile (Crocodylus johnstoni): a reptile lacking a pineal complex?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"180","author":[{"given":"Bruce T.","family":"Firth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith A.","family":"Christian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Belan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Kennaway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"387_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1006\/hbeh.2002.1781","volume":"41","author":"C Bertolucci","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bertolucci C, Foa A, van\u2019t Hof TJ (2002) Seasonal variations in circadian rhythms of plasma melatonin in ruin lizards. Horm Behav 41:414\u2013419","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"387_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1177\/0748730402239677","volume":"18","author":"C Bertolucci","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bertolucci C, Wagner G, Foa A, Gwinner E, Brandstatter R (2003) Photoperiod affects amplitude but not duration of in\u00a0vitro melatonin production in the ruin lizard (Podarcis sicula). J Biol Rhythms 18:63\u201370","journal-title":"J Biol Rhythms"},{"key":"387_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2307\/1564699","volume":"30","author":"KA Christian","year":"1996","unstructured":"Christian KA, Green B, Kennett R (1996) Some physiological consequences of estivation by freshwater crocodiles, Crocodylus johnstoni. J Herpetol 30:1\u20139","journal-title":"J Herpetol"},{"key":"387_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1071\/ZO98061","volume":"47","author":"KA Christian","year":"1999","unstructured":"Christian KA, Bedford GS, Schultz TJ (1999) Energetic consequences of metabolic depression in tropical and temperate-zone lizards. Aust J Zool 47:133\u2013141","journal-title":"Aust J Zool"},{"key":"387_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-117-1-226","volume":"117","author":"CR Earl","year":"1985","unstructured":"Earl CR, D\u2019Occhio MJ, Kennaway DJ, Seamark RF (1985) Serum melatonin profiles and endocrine responses of ewes exposed to a pulse of light late in the dark phase. Endocrinol 117:226\u2013230","journal-title":"Endocrinol"},{"key":"387_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(98)00078-1","volume":"58","author":"J Falcon","year":"1999","unstructured":"Falcon J (1999) Cellular circadian clocks in the pineal. Prog Neurobiol 58:121\u2013162","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"387_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(87)91385-0","volume":"404","author":"BT Firth","year":"1987","unstructured":"Firth BT, Kennaway DJ (1987) Melatonin content of the pineal, parietal eye and blood plasma of the lizard, Trachydosaurus rugosus: effect of constant and fluctuating temperature. Brain Res 404:313\u2013318","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"387_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(89)90213-9","volume":"106","author":"BT Firth","year":"1989","unstructured":"Firth BT, Kennaway DJ (1989) Thermoperiod and photoperiod interact to affect the phase of the plasma melatonin rhythm in the lizard Tiliqua rugosa. Neurosci Lett 106:125\u2013130","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"387_CR9","first-page":"213","volume-title":"Biology of the reptilia","author":"BT Firth","year":"1982","unstructured":"Firth BT, Turner JS (1982) Sensory, neural and hormonal aspects of thermoregulation. In: Gans C, Pough FH (eds) Biology of the reptilia, vol 12. Academic Press, New York, pp 213\u2013274"},{"key":"387_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-6480(79)90031-5","volume":"37","author":"BT Firth","year":"1979","unstructured":"Firth BT, Kennaway DJ, Rozenbilds MAM (1979) Plasma melatonin in the scincid lizard Trachydosaurus rugosus: diel rhythm, seasonality and the effect of constant light and darkness. Gen Comp Endocrinol 37:493\u2013500","journal-title":"Gen Comp Endocrinol"},{"key":"387_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Firth BT, Thompson MB, Kennaway DJ, Belan I (1989) Thermal sensitivity of reptilian melatonin rhythms: \u201ccold\u201d tuatara vs. \u201cwarm\u201d skink. Am J Physiol 256(Reg Int Comp Physiol 25):R1160\u2013R1163","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1989.256.5.R1160"},{"key":"387_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Firth BT, Belan I, Kennaway DJ, Moyer RW (1999) Thermocyclic entrainment of lizard blood plasma melatonin rhythms in constant and cyclic photic environments. Am J Physiol 277(Reg Int Comp Physiol 46): R1620\u2013R1626","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1999.277.6.R1620"},{"key":"387_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2006.00322.x","volume":"41","author":"BT Firth","year":"2006","unstructured":"Firth BT, Belan I, Kennaway DJ (2006) Persistence of a plasma melatonin rhythm in constant darkness and its inhibition by constant light in the sleepy lizard, Tiliqua rugosa. J Pineal Res 41:15\u201320","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"key":"387_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S236","DOI":"10.2741\/1037","volume":"8","author":"A Foa","year":"2003","unstructured":"Foa A, Bertolucci C (2003) Toward a seasonal model of the circadian system: the case for ruin lizards. Front Biosci 8:S236\u2013S242","journal-title":"Front Biosci"},{"key":"387_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00612714","volume":"104","author":"A Foa","year":"1988","unstructured":"Foa A, Menaker M (1988) Contribution of the pineal and the retinae to the circadian rhythms of circulating melatonin in pigeons. J Comp Physiol A 104:25\u201330","journal-title":"J Comp Physiol A"},{"key":"387_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1237930","volume":"190","author":"GC Gundy","year":"1975","unstructured":"Gundy GC, Ralph CL, Wurst GZ (1975) Parietal eyes in lizards: zoogeographical correlates. Science NY 190:671\u2013673","journal-title":"Science NY"},{"key":"387_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01923948","volume":"49","author":"G Huether","year":"1993","unstructured":"Huether G (1993) The contribution of extrapineal sites of melatonin synthesis to circulating melatonin levels in higher vertebrates. Experientia 49:665\u2013670","journal-title":"Experientia"},{"key":"387_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(93)90268-K","volume":"53","author":"A Innocenti","year":"1993","unstructured":"Innocenti A, Minutini L, Foa A (1993) The pineal and circadian rhythms of temperature selection and locomotion in lizards. Physiol Behav 53:911\u2013915","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"387_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1006\/hbeh.2002.1775","volume":"41","author":"TS Jessop","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jessop TS, Limpus CJ, Whittier JM (2002) Nocturnal activity in the green sea turtle alters daily profiles of melatonin and corticosterone. Horm Behav 41:357\u2013365","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"387_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-6480(03)00078-9","volume":"132","author":"TS Jessop","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jessop TS, Tucker AD, Limpus CJ, Whittier JM (2003) Interactions between ecology, demography, capture stress, and profiles of corticosterone and glucose in a free-living population of Australian freshwater crocodiles. Gen Comp Endocrinol 132:161\u2013170","journal-title":"Gen Comp Endocrinol"},{"key":"387_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00610460","volume":"139","author":"M Kavaliers","year":"1980","unstructured":"Kavaliers M, Ralph CL (1980) Circadian organization of an animal lacking a pineal organ; the young American alligator, Alligator mississippienses. J Comp Physiol 139:287\u2013292","journal-title":"J Comp Physiol"},{"key":"387_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(81)90168-2","volume":"26","author":"M Kavaliers","year":"1981","unstructured":"Kavaliers M, Ralph CL (1981) Encephalic photoreceptor involvement in the entrainment and control of circadian activity of young American alligators. Physiol Behav 26:413\u2013418","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"387_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1994.tb56818.x","volume":"719","author":"H-W Korf","year":"1994","unstructured":"Korf H-W (1994) The pineal organ as a component of the biological clock: phylogenetic and ontogenetic considerations. Ann NY Acad Sci 719:13\u201342","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"387_CR24","first-page":"327","volume-title":"Crocodilian biology and evolution","author":"VA Lance","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lance VA, Morici LA, Elsey RM (2000) Physiology and endocrinology of stress in crocodilians. In: Grigg GC, Seebacher R, Franklin CE (eds) Crocodilian biology and evolution. Surrey Beatty and Sons, Chipping Norton, NSW Australia, pp 327\u2013340"},{"key":"387_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2003.09.013","volume":"135","author":"VA Lance","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lance VA, Elsey RM, Butterstein G, Trosclair PL (2004) Rapid suppression of testosterone secretion after capture in male American alligators (Alligator mississippienses). Gen Comp Endocrinol 135:217\u2013222","journal-title":"Gen Comp Endocrinol"},{"key":"387_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6119","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.80.19.6119","volume":"80","author":"M Menaker","year":"1983","unstructured":"Menaker M, Wisner S (1983) Temperature compensated circadian clock in the pineal of Anolis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA Biol Sci 80:6119\u20136121","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA Biol Sci"},{"key":"387_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1006\/gcen.1995.1152","volume":"100","author":"MT Mendonca","year":"1995","unstructured":"Mendonca MT, Tousignant AJ, Crews D (1995) Seasonal changes and annual variability in daily plasma melatonin in the red-sided garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis). Gen Comp Endocrinol 100:226\u2013237","journal-title":"Gen Comp Endocrinol"},{"key":"387_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-6480(80)90121-5","volume":"40","author":"DW Owens","year":"1980","unstructured":"Owens DW, Gern WA, Ralph CL (1980) Melatonin in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas). Gen Comp Endocrinol 40:180\u2013187","journal-title":"Gen Comp Endocrinol"},{"key":"387_CR29","first-page":"245","volume-title":"Biology of the reptilia","author":"WB Quay","year":"1979","unstructured":"Quay WB (1979) The parietal eye\u2014pineal complex. In: Gans C, Northcutt RG, Ulinski P (eds) Biology of the reptilia, vol 9. Academic Press, New York, pp 245\u2013406"},{"key":"387_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13816","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0704699104","volume":"104","author":"FG Revel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Revel FG, Herwig A, Garidou M-L, Dardente H, Menet JS, Masson-Pevet M, Simonneaux V, Saboureau M, Pevet P (2007) The circadian clock stops ticking during deep hibernation in the European hamster. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104:13816\u201313820","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"387_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4565(87)90051-9","volume":"12","author":"PD Rismiller","year":"1987","unstructured":"Rismiller PD, Heldmaier G (1987) Melatonin and photoperiod affect body temperature selection in the lizard Lacerta viridis. J Therm Biol 12:131\u2013134","journal-title":"J Therm Biol"},{"key":"387_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7423204","volume":"210","author":"JJ Roth","year":"1980","unstructured":"Roth JJ, Gern WA, Roth EC, Ralph CL, Jacobson E (1980) Nonpineal melatonin in the alligator (Alligator mississippienses). Science NY 210:548\u2013550","journal-title":"Science NY"},{"key":"387_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1086\/316638","volume":"72","author":"F Seebacher","year":"1999","unstructured":"Seebacher F (1999) Behavioural postures and the rate of body temperature change in wild freshwater crocodiles, Crocodylus johnstoni. Physiol Biochem Zool 72:57\u201363","journal-title":"Physiol Biochem Zool"},{"key":"387_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.2307\/1447558","volume":"1997","author":"F Seebacher","year":"1997","unstructured":"Seebacher F, Grigg GC (1997) Patterns of body temperature in wild freshwater crocodiles, Crocodylus johnstoni: thermoregulation verus thermoconformity, seasonal acclimatization, and the effect of social interactions. Copeia 1997:549\u2013557","journal-title":"Copeia"},{"key":"387_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1086\/590372","volume":"81","author":"JG Smith","year":"2008","unstructured":"Smith JG, Christian KA, Green B (2008) Physiological ecology of the mangrove dwelling varanid, Varanus indicus. Physiol Biochem Zool 81:561\u2013569","journal-title":"Physiol Biochem Zool"},{"key":"387_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.910040302","volume":"4","author":"AD Sorenson","year":"1894","unstructured":"Sorenson AD (1894) Comparative study of the epiphysis and roof the diencephalon. J Comp Neurol 4:153\u2013170","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"387_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-079X.2001.300106.x","volume":"30","author":"A Tast","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tast A, Halli O, Ahstr\u00f6m S, Andersson H, Love RJ, Peltoniemi OAJ (2001) Seasonal alterations in circadian melatonin rhythms of the European wild boar and domestic gilt. J Pineal Res 30:43\u201349","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"key":"387_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1006\/gcen.1993.1172","volume":"92","author":"AR Tilden","year":"1993","unstructured":"Tilden AR, Hutchison VH (1993) Influence of photoperiod and temperature on serum melatonin in the diamondback water snake, Nerodia rhombifera. Gen Comp Endocrinol 92:347\u2013354","journal-title":"Gen Comp Endocrinol"},{"key":"387_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00193441","volume":"179","author":"G Tosini","year":"1996","unstructured":"Tosini G, Menaker M (1996) The pineal complex and melatonin affect the expression of the daily rhythm of behavioral thermoregulation in the green iguana. J Comp Physiol A 179:135\u2013142","journal-title":"J Comp Physiol A"},{"key":"387_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-03-01105.1998","volume":"18","author":"G Tosini","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tosini G, Menaker M (1998) Multioscillatory circadian organization in a vertebrate, Iguana iguana. J Neurosci 18:1105\u20131114","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"387_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1126\/science.835015","volume":"195","author":"H Underwood","year":"1977","unstructured":"Underwood H (1977) Circadian organization in lizards: the role of the pineal organ. Science 195:587\u2013589","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"387_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00611191","volume":"152","author":"H Underwood","year":"1983","unstructured":"Underwood H (1983) Circadian organization in the lizard Anolis carolinensis: a multioscillatory system. J Comp Physiol 152:265\u2013274","journal-title":"J Comp Physiol"},{"key":"387_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1177\/074873048700200302","volume":"2","author":"H Underwood","year":"1987","unstructured":"Underwood H, Calaban M (1987) Pineal melatonin rhythms in the lizard Anolis carolinensis I. Response to light and temperature cycles. J Biol Rhythms 2:179\u2013193","journal-title":"J Biol Rhythms"},{"key":"387_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(85)90348-8","volume":"35","author":"H Underwood","year":"1985","unstructured":"Underwood H, Harless M (1985) Entrainment of the circadian activity rhythm of a lizard to melatonin injections. Physiol Behav 35:267\u2013270","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"387_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-6480(84)90063-7","volume":"56","author":"H Underwood","year":"1984","unstructured":"Underwood H, Binkley S, Siopes T, Mosher K (1984) Melatonin rhythms in the eyes, pineal bodies, and blood of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Gen Comp Endocrinol 56:70\u201381","journal-title":"Gen Comp Endocrinol"},{"key":"387_CR46","first-page":"1653","volume-title":"Handbook of physiology, section\u00a013: comparative physiology","author":"H Underwood","year":"1997","unstructured":"Underwood H, Wassmer GT, Page T (1997) Daily and seasonal rhythms. In: Dantzler WH (ed) Handbook of physiology, section\u00a013: comparative physiology, vol II. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 1653\u20131763"},{"key":"387_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1007\/s001140050523","volume":"85","author":"TJ Van\u2019t Hof","year":"1998","unstructured":"Van\u2019t Hof TJ, Gwinner E (1998) A highly rudimentary circadian profile in a nocturnal bird, the barn owl (Tyto alba). Naturwissenschaften 85:402\u2013404","journal-title":"Naturwissenschaften"},{"key":"387_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-6480(79)90108-4","volume":"37","author":"B Vivien-Roels","year":"1979","unstructured":"Vivien-Roels B, Arendt J, Bradke J (1979) Circadian and circannual fluctuations of pineal indoleamines (serotonin and melatonin) in Testudo hermanni Gmelin (Reptilia, Chelonia) 1. Under natural conditions of photoperiod and temperature. Gen Comp Endocrinol 37:197\u2013210","journal-title":"Gen Comp Endocrinol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Comparative Physiology B"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00360-009-0387-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00360-009-0387-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00360-009-0387-8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,28]],"date-time":"2019-05-28T14:42:15Z","timestamp":1559054535000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00360-009-0387-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,8]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]}},"alternative-id":["387"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00360-009-0387-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0174-1578","1432-136X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0174-1578","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-136X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,8]]}}}