{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T17:51:26Z","timestamp":1791827486262,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universidade Federal Do Par\u00e1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Comp Physiol B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Understanding the physiological regulation of cardiac activity in insects remains a central topic in insect biochemistry and physiology. In Lepidoptera, direct electrophysiological characterization of cardiac function is still limited, particularly under anesthetic conditions commonly used during experimental manipulation. In this study, we evaluated the effects of isoflurane anesthesia on cardiac electrophysiology in adult\n                    <jats:italic>Anteos menippe<\/jats:italic>\n                    butterflies during anesthetic induction and recovery. A total of eighteen newly emerged adults were subjected to two experiments. Experiment 1 - behavior during anesthetic induction and recovery with isoflurane (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20096). Experiment 2 - the animals were divided into a control group (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20096) and a group treated with isoflurane (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20096). The animals were monitored during anesthetic induction and recovery with isoflurane; in this case, electrocardiographic signals (ECG) were obtained using 0.06\u00a0mm diameter tungsten steel alloy electrodes, implanted to acquire cardiac recordings lasting 30\u00a0min under controlled conditions. Isoflurane induced mild and reversible anesthesia, with induction and recovery times of 48.5\u2009\u00b1\u20098.9\u00a0s and 117.7\u2009\u00b1\u200916.2\u00a0s, respectively, without observable excitatory responses. During anesthesia, the frequency of cardiac action potentials decreased significantly, followed by a gradual recovery accompanied by increases in amplitude and linear signal power. Spectral analysis revealed a dynamic redistribution of energy during anesthetic elimination, consistent with chronotropic modulation of cardiac activity. These findings provide new electrophysiological insights into the cardiac physiology of butterflies and support the use of isoflurane as a reliable anesthetic for experimental studies involving cardiac monitoring in lepidoptera and other insects.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00360-026-01684-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T11:51:52Z","timestamp":1785153112000},"page":"611-620","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["First recording of cardiac activity in the Anteos menippe bubble and isoflurane interference during anesthetic induction and recovery"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"196","author":[{"given":"Ant\u00f4nio Bas\u00edlio","family":"Guerreiro J\u00fanior","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deise","family":"de Lima Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axell","family":"Lins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina Reika Seko","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoto","family":"da Cunha Hayasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo Machado","family":"da Silva Zamian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexa Camila Lopes","family":"de Assis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diogo Macola","family":"Felix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva Vit\u00f3ria Ferreira","family":"Viana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diva Anelie","family":"de Ara\u00fajo Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nilton Akio","family":"Muto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mois\u00e9s","family":"Hamoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"1684_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2018.03.003","volume":"43","author":"SK Berkaya","year":"2018","unstructured":"Berkaya SK, Uysal AK, Gunal ES, Ergin S, Gunal S, Gulmezoglu MB (2018) A survey on ECG analysis. 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Experimental procedures were conducted exclusively on adult\n                      Anteos menippe\n                      butterflies (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), which are invertebrates not covered by animal welfare legislation or ethical committee regulations. Nevertheless, all manipulations followed internationally accepted principles for the humane treatment of invertebrates, minimizing handling stress and ensuring rapid recovery after anesthesia. The study complies with the ethical standards of the Federal University of Par\u00e1 (UFPA) and with the principles of the Basel Declaration (\n                      \n                      ).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}