{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T13:12:19Z","timestamp":1762866739578},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,16]],"date-time":"2015-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1444953600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Heart Vessels"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-015-0759-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,16]],"date-time":"2015-10-16T10:36:45Z","timestamp":1444991805000},"page":"1537-1543","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Association of the CHA2DS2-VASc score with left atrial spontaneous echo contrast: a cross-sectional study of patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis in sinus rhythm"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Erdal","family":"Belen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ender","family":"Ozal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamdi","family":"Pusuroglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"759_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2013.06.017","volume":"115","author":"D Wang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang D, Liu M, Lin S, Hao Z, Tao W, Chen X, Luan R, Dong W (2013) Stroke and rheumatic heart disease: a systematic review of observational studies. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 115:1575\u20131582","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"759_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5392.1209","volume":"1","author":"P Szekely","year":"1964","unstructured":"Szekely P (1964) Systemic embolism and anticoagulant prophylaxis in rheumatic heart disease. Br Med J 1:1209\u20131212","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"759_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.32.1.26","volume":"32","author":"N Coulshed","year":"1970","unstructured":"Coulshed N, Epstein EJ, McKendrick CS, Galloway RW, Walker E (1970) Systemic embolism in mitral valve disease. Br Heart J 32:26\u201334","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"759_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(91)90592-W","volume":"18","author":"IW Black","year":"1991","unstructured":"Black IW, Hopkins AP, Lee LC, Walsh WF (1991) Left atrial spontaneous echo contrast: a clinical and echocardiographic analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 18:398\u2013404","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"759_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(92)90557-F","volume":"70","author":"JJ Hwang","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hwang JJ, Kuan P, Lin SC, Chen WJ, Lei MH, Ko YL, Cheng JJ, Lin JL, Chen JJ, Lien WP (1992) Reappraisal by transesophageal echocardiography of the significance of left atrial thrombi in the prediction of systemic arterial embolization in rheumatic mitral valve disease. Am J Cardiol 70:769\u2013773","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"759_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.103.2.348","volume":"103","author":"C Vigna","year":"1993","unstructured":"Vigna C, de Rito V, Criconia GM, Russo A, Testa M, Fanelli R, Loperfido F (1993) Left atrial thrombus and spontaneous echo-contrast in nonanticoagulated mitral stenosis. A transesophageal echocardiographic study. Chest 103:348\u2013352","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"759_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1536\/ihj.38.669","volume":"38","author":"E Acart\u00fcrk","year":"1997","unstructured":"Acart\u00fcrk E, Usal A, Demir M, Akg\u00fcl F, Ozeren A (1997) Thromboembolism risk in patients with mitral stenosis. Jpn Heart J 38:669\u2013675","journal-title":"Jpn Heart J"},{"key":"759_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-128-11-199806010-00001","volume":"128","author":"CW Chiang","year":"1998","unstructured":"Chiang CW, Lo SK, Ko YS, Cheng NJ, Lin PJ, Chang CH (1998) Predictors of systemic embolism in patients with mitral stenosis. A prospective study. Ann Intern Med 128:885\u2013889","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"759_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.28.10.973","volume":"28","author":"PA Wolf","year":"1978","unstructured":"Wolf PA, Dawber TR, Thomas HE Jr, Kannel WB (1978) Epidemiologic assessment of chronic atrial fibrillation and risk of stroke: the Framingham study. Neurology 28:973\u2013977","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"759_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-52-4-741","volume":"52","author":"JC Rowe","year":"1960","unstructured":"Rowe JC, Bland EF, Sprague HB, White PD (1960) The course of mitral stenosis without surgery: ten- and twenty-year perspectives. Ann Intern Med 52:741\u2013749","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"759_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.23.5.530","volume":"23","author":"PB Deverall","year":"1968","unstructured":"Deverall PB, Olley PM, Smith DR, Watson DA, Whitaker W (1968) Incidence of systemic embolism before and after mitral valvotomy. Thorax 23:530\u2013536","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"759_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e106439","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0106439","volume":"9","author":"TS Potpara","year":"2014","unstructured":"Potpara TS, Polovina MM, Djikic D, Marinkovic JM, Kocev N, Lip GY (2014) The association of CHA2DS2-VASc score and blood biomarkers with ischemic stroke outcomes: the Belgrade stroke study. PLoS One 9:e106439","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"759_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-1584","volume":"137","author":"GY Lip","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lip GY, Nieuwlaat R, Pisters R, Lane DA, Crijns HJ (2010) Refining clinical risk stratification for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation using a novel risk factor-based approach: the euro heart survey on atrial fibrillation. Chest 137:263\u2013272","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"759_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2369","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq278","volume":"31","author":"AJ Camm","year":"2010","unstructured":"European Heart Rhythm Association; European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Camm AJ, Kirchhof P, Lip GY, Schotten U, Savelieva I, Ernst S, Van Gelder IC, Al-Attar N, Hindricks G, Prendergast B, Heidbuchel H, Alfieri O, Angelini A, Atar D, Colonna P, De Caterina R, De Sutter J, Goette A, Gorenek B, Heldal M, Hohloser SH, Kolh P, Le Heuzey JY, Ponikowski P, Rutten FH (2010) Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: the Task Force for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 31:2369\u20132429","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"759_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs104","volume":"33","author":"JJ McMurray","year":"2012","unstructured":"McMurray JJ, Adamopoulos S, Anker SD, Auricchio A, B\u00f6hm M, Dickstein K, Falk V, Filippatos G, Fonseca C, Gomez-Sanchez MA, Jaarsma T, K\u00f8ber L, Lip GY, Maggioni AP, Parkhomenko A, Pieske BM, Popescu BA, R\u00f8nnevik PK, Rutten FH, Schwitter J, Seferovic P, Stepinska J, Trindade PT, Voors AA, Zannad F, Zeiher A, ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (2012) ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2012 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J 33:1787\u20131847","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"759_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2014.11.015","volume":"28","author":"SA Goldstein","year":"2015","unstructured":"Goldstein SA, Evangelista A, Abbara S, Arai A, Asch FM, Badano LP, Bolen MA, Connolly HM, Cu\u00e9llar-Cal\u00e0bria H, Czerny M, Devereux RB, Erbel RA, Fattori R, Isselbacher EM, Lindsay JM, McCulloch M, Michelena HI, Nienaber CA, Oh JK, Pepi M, Taylor AJ, Weinsaft JW, Zamorano JL, Dietz H, Eagle K, Elefteriades J, Jondeau G, Rousseau H, Schepens M (2015) Multimodality imaging of diseases of the thoracic aorta in adults: from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging: endorsed by the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography and Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 28:119\u2013182","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"759_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)90644-0","volume":"23","author":"D Fatkin","year":"1994","unstructured":"Fatkin D, Kelly RP, Feneley MP (1994) Relations between left atrial appendage blood flow velocity, spontaneous echocardiographic contrast and thromboembolic risk in vivo. J Am Coll Cardiol 23:961\u2013969","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"759_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(88)90283-5","volume":"11","author":"WG Daniel","year":"1988","unstructured":"Daniel WG, Nellessen U, Schr\u00f6der E, Nonnast-Daniel B, Bednarski P, Nikutta P, Lichtlen PR (1988) Left atrial spontaneous echo contrast in mitral valve disease: an indicator for an increased thromboembolic risk. J Am Coll Cardiol 11:1204\u20131211","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"759_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(94)90481-2","volume":"128","author":"NE Bernstein","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bernstein NE, Demopoulos LA, Tunick PA, Rosenzweig BP, Kronzon I (1994) Correlates of spontaneous echo contrast in patients with mitral stenosis and normal sinus rhythm. Am Heart J 128:287\u2013292","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"759_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5273(00)00415-0","volume":"77","author":"AK Agarwal","year":"2001","unstructured":"Agarwal AK, Venugopalan P (2001) Left atrial spontaneous echo contrast in patients with rheumatic mitral valve stenosis in sinus rhythm: relationship to mitral valve and left atrial measurements. Int J Cardiol 77:63\u201368","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"759_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319706297917","volume":"58","author":"S Topaloglu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Topaloglu S, Boyaci A, Ayaz S, Yilmaz S, Yanik O, Ozdemir O, Soylu M, Demir AD, Aras D, Kisacik HL, Korkmaz S (2007) Coagulation, fibrinolytic system activation and endothelial dysfunction in patients with mitral stenosis and sinus rhythm. Angiology 58:85\u201391","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"759_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-013-0369-3","volume":"29","author":"S Katoh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Katoh S, Honda S, Watanabe T, Suzuki S, Ishino M, Kitahara T, Funayama A, Netsu S, Sasaki T, Shishido T, Miyamoto T, Sadahiro M, Kubota I (2014) Atrial endothelial impairment through Toll-like receptor 4 signaling causes atrial thrombogenesis. Heart Vessels 29:263\u2013272","journal-title":"Heart Vessels"},{"key":"759_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2011.11.010","volume":"109","author":"MG Kaya","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kaya MG, Akpek M, Elcik D, Kalay N, Yarlioglues M, Koc F, Dogdu O, Sahin O, Ardic I, Oguzhan A, Ergin A (2012) Relation of left atrial spontaneous echocardiographic contrast in patients with mitral stenosis to inflammatory markers. Am J Cardiol 109:851\u2013855","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"759_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.08.026","volume":"237","author":"YH Chan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chan YH, Yiu KH, Lau KK, Yiu YF, Li SW, Lam TH, Lau CP, Siu CW, Tse HF (2014) The CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores predict adverse vascular function, ischemic stroke and cardiovascular death in high-risk patients without atrial fibrillation: role of incorporating PR prolongation. Atherosclerosis 237:504\u2013513","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"759_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.02.109","volume":"184","author":"E Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang E, Liu T, Li Z, Zhao J, Li G (2015) High CHA2DS2-VASc score predicts left atrial thrombus or spontaneous echo contrast detected by transesophageal echocardiography. Int J Cardiol 184:540\u2013542","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"759_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-013-0399-x","volume":"29","author":"SY Suh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Suh SY, Kang WC, Oh PC, Choi H, Moon CI, Lee K, Han SH, Ahn T, Choi IS, Shin EK (2014) Efficacy and safety of aspirin, clopidogrel, and warfarin after coronary artery stenting in Korean patients with atrial fibrillation. Heart Vessels 29:578\u2013583","journal-title":"Heart Vessels"},{"key":"759_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5603\/CJ.a2014.0059","author":"D Ozturk","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ozturk D, Cel\u0131k O, Ak\u0131n F, Akturk F, Aslan S, Ozy\u0131lmaz SO, B\u0131rand A, Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m A (2014) Usefulness of the uric acid and CHA2DS2-VASC score in prediction of left atrial thrombosis in patients with mitral stenosis and sinus rhythm. Cardiol J. doi: 10.5603\/CJ.a2014.0059","journal-title":"Cardiol J"},{"key":"759_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2011.10.007","volume":"109","author":"MG Parikh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Parikh MG, Aziz Z, Krishnan K, Madias C, Trohman RG (2012) Usefulness of transesophageal echocardiography to confirm clinical utility of CHA2DS2-VASc and CHADS2 scores in atrial flutter. Am J Cardiol 109:550\u2013555","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"759_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60040-4","volume":"373","author":"T Watson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Watson T, Shantsila E, Lip GY (2009) Mechanisms of thrombogenesis in atrial fibrillation: Virchow\u2019s triad revisited. Lancet 373:155\u2013166","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"759_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.09.026","volume":"51","author":"G Casaclang-Verzosa","year":"2008","unstructured":"Casaclang-Verzosa G, Gersh BJ, Tsang TS (2008) Structural and functional remodeling of the left atrium: clinical and therapeutic implications for atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 51:1\u201311","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"759_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1093\/ejechocard\/jen339","volume":"10","author":"S Uretsky","year":"2009","unstructured":"Uretsky S, Shah A, Bangalore S, Rosenberg L, Sarji R, Cantales DR, Macmillan-Marotti D, Chaudhry FA, Sherrid MV (2009) Assessment of left atrial appendage function with transthoracic tissue Doppler echocardiography. Eur J Echocardiogr 10:363\u2013371","journal-title":"Eur J Echocardiogr"},{"key":"759_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5273(00)00235-7","volume":"73","author":"KC Goswami","year":"2000","unstructured":"Goswami KC, Yadav R, Rao MB, Bahl VK, Talwar KK, Manchanda SC (2000) Clinical and echocardiographic predictors of left atrial clot and spontaneous echo contrast in patients with severe rheumatic mitral stenosis: a prospective study in 200 patients by transesophageal echocardiography. Int J Cardiol 73:273\u2013279","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"759_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.20155","volume":"30","author":"M Cayli","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cayli M, Acart\u00fcrk E, Kanada\u015fi M, Demir M (2007) Annular systolic velocity predicts the presence of spontaneous echo contrast in mitral stenosis patients with sinus rhythm. Clin Cardiol 30:459\u2013463","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"759_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2014.05.014","volume":"148","author":"RA Nishimura","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nishimura RA, Otto CM, Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Erwin JP 3rd, Guyton RA, O\u2019Gara PT, Ruiz CE, Skubas NJ, Sorajja P, Sundt TM 3rd, Thomas JD, Anderson JL, Halperin JL, Albert NM, Bozkurt B, Brindis RG, Creager MA, Curtis LH, DeMets D, Guyton RA, Hochman JS, Kovacs RJ, Ohman EM, Pressler SJ, Sellke FW, Shen WK, Stevenson WG, Yancy CW (2014) American College of Cardiology; American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association; American Heart Association. 2014 AHA\/ACC guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 148:e1\u2013e132","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"}],"container-title":["Heart and Vessels"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00380-015-0759-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00380-015-0759-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00380-015-0759-9","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,28]],"date-time":"2019-05-28T15:27:52Z","timestamp":1559057272000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00380-015-0759-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,16]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]}},"alternative-id":["759"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00380-015-0759-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0910-8327","1615-2573"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0910-8327","type":"print"},{"value":"1615-2573","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,16]]}}}