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Patients were categorized according to BMI (kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) as underweight (&lt;\u200918.5), normal weight (18.5 to\u2009&lt;\u200925), overweight (25 to\u2009&lt;\u200930), or obese (\u2265\u200930). In total, 9578 patients with NVAF completed the 1-year follow-up and were evaluated; of these, 7618 patients had baseline BMI data. Overall, 542 (5.7%), 4410 (46.0%), 2167 (22.6%), and 499 (5.2%) patients were underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese, respectively. Multivariable Cox regression analysis demonstrated that none of the BMI categories were independent predictors of major bleeding whereas being underweight was independently associated with increased all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 3.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.40\u20135.26, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001]. The incidence of stroke\/non-CNS SE\/MI was higher in patients who were underweight than in those of normal weight (HR 2.11, 95% CI 1.20\u20133.70, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.009). However, in multivariable analyses, being underweight was not identified as an independent predictor of stroke\/non-CNS SE\/MI (HR 1.64, 95% CI 0.90\u20132.99, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.104). In conclusion, the high incidence of thromboembolic events and all-cause mortality in patients who were underweight highlights that thorough evaluation of disease status and comorbidities may be required in this population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-020-01587-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]],"date-time":"2020-04-06T17:03:18Z","timestamp":1586192598000},"page":"1125-1134","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Impact of body mass index on real-world outcomes of rivaroxaban treatment in Japanese patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Yuji","family":"Murakawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takanori","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takanari","family":"Kitazono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jyoji","family":"Nakagawara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuo","family":"Minematsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susumu","family":"Miyamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoko","family":"Kidani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yutaka","family":"Okayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshiyuki","family":"Sunaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shoichiro","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Yamanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"1587_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2019.03.013","volume":"213","author":"S Haas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Haas S, Camm AJ, Bassand JP, Angchaisuksiri P, Cools F, Corbalan R, Gibbs H, Jacobson B, Koretsune Y, Mantovani LG, Misselwitz F, Panchenko E, Ragy HI, Stepinska J, Turpie AG, Sawhney JP, Steffel J, Lim TW, Pieper KS, Virdone S, Verheugt FW, Kakkar AK (2019) Predictors of NOAC versus VKA use for stroke prevention in patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation: results from GARFIELD-AF. 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YM received research grants from Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd., Boehringer Ingelheim, and Daiichi Sankyo, and honoraria from Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd., Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, and Daiichi Sankyo. TI received research grants from Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd., Bristol-Myers Squibb, Daiichi Sankyo, Medtronic Japan, and St. Jude Medical, and honoraria from Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd., Bristol-Myers Squibb, Daiichi Sankyo, Ono, and Pfizer; TI was an advisory board member for Bristol-Myers Squibb. TK received a research grant from Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd. JN received a research grant from Nihon Medi-Physics. KM received honoraria from Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd., BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi Sankyo, Japan Stryker, Kowa, Mitsubishi-Tanabe, Nihon Medi-Physics, Nippon Chemiphar, Otsuka, Pfizer, Sawai, and Sumitomo Dainippon; KM was an advisory board member for CSL Behring and Medico\u2019s Hirata. SM received research grants from Astellas, Brainlab, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Chugai, CSL Behring, Daiichi Sankyo, Eisai, Medtronic, Meiji, Mitsubishi-Tanabe, MSD, Mizuho, Nihon Medi-Physics, Otsuka, Pfizer, Philips Electronics Japan, Sanofi, Siemens Healthcare, and Takeda. YH, YK, YO, TS, SS, and SY are employees of Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}