{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T19:46:58Z","timestamp":1791488818893,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]],"date-time":"2020-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605744000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]],"date-time":"2020-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Ulm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Heart Vessels"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Immobilization of patients during electrophysiological procedures, to avoid complications by patients\u2019 unexpected bodily motion, is achieved by moderate to deep conscious sedation using benzodiazepines and propofol for sedation and opioids for analgesia. Our aim was to compare respiratory and hemodynamic safety endpoints of cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) and electroanatomical mapping (EAM) procedures. Included patients underwent either cryoballoon PVI or EAM procedures. Sedation monitoring included non-invasive blood pressure measurements, transcutaneous oxygen saturation (tSpO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) and transcutaneous carbon-dioxide (tpCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) measurements. We enrolled 125 consecutive patients, 67 patients underwent cryoballoon atrial fibrillation ablation and 58 patients had an EAM and radiofrequency ablation procedure. Mean procedure duration of EAM procedures was significantly longer (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and propofol doses as well as morphine equivalent doses of administered opioids were significantly higher in EAM patients compared to cryoballoon patients (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Cryoballoon patients display higher tpCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>levels compared to EAM patients at 30\u00a0min (cryoballoon: 51.1\u2009\u00b1\u20097.0\u00a0mmHg vs. EAM: 48.6\u2009\u00b1\u20096.2\u00a0mmHg,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.009) and at 60\u00a0min (cryoballoon: 51.4\u2009\u00b1\u20097.3\u00a0mmHg vs. EAM: 48.9\u2009\u00b1\u20096.6\u00a0mmHg,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.07) procedure duration. Mean arterial pressure was significantly higher after 60\u00a0min (cryoballoon: 84.7\u2009\u00b1\u200916.7\u00a0mmHg vs. EAM: 76.7\u2009\u00b1\u200913.3\u00a0mmHg,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.017) in cryoballoon PVI compared to EAM procedures. Regarding respiratory and hemodynamic safety endpoints, no significant difference was detected regarding hypercapnia, hypoxia and episodes of hypotension. Despite longer procedure duration and deeper sedation requirement, conscious sedation in EAM procedures appears to be as safe as conscious sedation in cryoballoon ablation procedures regarding hemodynamic and respiratory safety endpoints.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-020-01725-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]],"date-time":"2020-11-19T13:05:24Z","timestamp":1605791124000},"page":"561-567","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Safety of conscious sedation in electroanatomical mapping procedures and cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Karolina","family":"Weinmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regina","family":"Heudorfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexia","family":"Lenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deniz","family":"Aktolga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Rattka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Bothner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Pott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"\u00d6chsner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Rottbauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6211-7162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tillman","family":"Dahme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"1725_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.08.856","volume":"67","author":"RL Page","year":"2015","unstructured":"Page RL, Joglar JA, Caldwell MA, Calkins H, Conti JB, Deal BJ, Estes NAM, Field ME, Goldberger Z, Hammill S (2015) ACC\/AHA\/HRS guideline for the management of adult patients with supraventricular tachycardia: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. 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All patients gave written informed consent.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}