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The aim of this study is to investigate the nature of cardiac structure and function changes, over time, in a retrospective cohort of ATTR-CA patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Fifty-one patients with ATTR-CA (mean age 78\u2009\u00b1\u20097\u00a0years, 30 females) were compared with 20 patients with heart failure but no amyloidosis (HFnCA) (mean age 76\u2009\u00b1\u20097\u00a0years, 5 females), all with septal thickness\u2009&gt;\u2009\u2009=\u200914\u00a0mm. All patients underwent DPD scintigraphy and an echocardiogram (Echo 2) which was compared with a previous echocardiographic examination (Echo 1), performed at least 3\u00a0years before.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Over the follow-up period, the interventricular septal thickness (IVST) and relative wall thickness (RWT) in ATTR-CA increased from 16 (4) to 18 (5) mm and from 0.51 (0.17) to 0.62 (0.21) respectively, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001 for both, by a mean increase of 0.4\u00a0mm\/year and 0.03\u00a0mm\/year, (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.009 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002 compared with HFnCA), respectively. RWT\u2009&gt;\u20090.45 (AUC\u2009=\u20090.77) and RELAPS\u2009&gt;\u20092.0 (AUC 0.86) both predicted positive DPD diagnosis for ATTR-CA.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In ATTR-CA patients, the overtime-increase in RWT and IVST was worse than that seen in patients with heart failure but no cardiac amyloidosis. Also, RWT and relative apical sparing predicted diagnosis of ATTR-CA, thus could strengthen the use of follow-up echocardiographic findings as red flag for the diagnosis of ATTR-CA.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-022-02048-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]],"date-time":"2022-03-11T13:02:51Z","timestamp":1647003771000},"page":"1562-1569","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Disease progression in cardiac morphology and function in heart failure: ATTR cardiac amyloidosis versus hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"M. 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