{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T17:34:27Z","timestamp":1789580067791,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]],"date-time":"2023-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701993600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]],"date-time":"2023-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Heart Vessels"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The increased amount of contrast media in frequency-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) imaging during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has raised potential concerns regarding impairment of renal function.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of heparinized saline flush in FD-OCT-guided PCI and identify clinical factors contributing to optimal image quality.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We retrospectively collected 100 lesions from 90 consecutive patients, and a total of 200 pullbacks were analyzed for the initial and final evaluation in which saline was used as the flushing medium.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The study population had a mean age of 73, with 52% having chronic kidney disease (CKD). The median amount of contrast used was 28\u00a0ml, and no complications were observed associated with saline flush OCT. Imaging quality was then categorized as excellent, good, or unacceptable. Among the total runs, 87% demonstrated clinically acceptable image quality, with 66.5% classified as excellent images and 20.5% classified as good images. Independent predictors of excellent images included lumen area stenosis\u2009\u2265\u200970% (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02\u20135.47, P\u2009=\u20090.044), and the use of intensive flushing (adjusted OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.11\u20133.86, P\u2009=\u20090.023) defined as a deep engagement of guiding catheter (GC) or a selective insertion of guide extension catheter (GE). Intensive flushing was performed in 60% of the total pullbacks, and it was particularly effective in improving image quality in the left coronary artery (LCA).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The use of saline flush during FD-OCT imaging was safe and feasible, which had a benefit in renal protection with adequate imaging quality.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-023-02340-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]],"date-time":"2023-12-08T04:23:45Z","timestamp":1702009425000},"page":"310-318","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Assessing the efficacy of saline flush in frequency-domain optical coherence tomography for intracoronary imaging"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9790-4609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masahiro","family":"Kimura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teruki","family":"Takeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasushi","family":"Tsujino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuichi","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masayuki","family":"Yamaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoko","family":"Sakaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiko","family":"Maeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Mabuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoyuki","family":"Murakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"2340_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.09.079","volume":"59","author":"GJ Tearney","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tearney GJ, Regar E, Akasaka T, Adriaenssens T, Barlis P, Bezerra HG, Bouma B, Bruining N, Cho JM, Chowdhary S, Costa MA, de Silva R, Dijkstra J, Di Mario C, Dudek D, Falk E, Feldman MD, Fitzgerald P, Garcia-Garcia HM, Gonzalo N, Granada JF, Guagliumi G, Holm NR, Honda Y, Ikeno F, Kawasaki M, Kochman J, Koltowski L, Kubo T, Kume T, Kyono H, Lam CC, Lamouche G, Lee DP, Leon MB, Maehara A, Manfrini O, Mintz GS, Mizuno K, Morel MA, Nadkarni S, Okura H, Otake H, Pietrasik A, Prati F, R\u00e4ber L, Radu MD, Rieber J, Riga M, Rollins A, Rosenberg M, Sirbu V, Serruys PW, Shimada K, Shinke T, Shite J, Siegel E, Sonoda S, Suter M, Takarada S, Tanaka A, Terashima M, Thim T, Uemura S, Ughi GJ, van Beusekom HM, van der Steen AF, van Es GA, van Soest G, Virmani R, Waxman S, Weissman NJ, Weisz G (2012) Consensus standards for acquisition, measurement, and reporting of intravascular optical coherence tomography studies: a report from the International Working Group for Intravascular Optical Coherence Tomography Standardization and Validation. J Am Coll Cardiol 59(12):1058\u20131072","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2340_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2011.03.020","volume":"4","author":"MJ Suter","year":"2011","unstructured":"Suter MJ, Nadkarni SK, Weisz G, Tanaka A, Jaffer FA, Bouma BE, Tearney GJ (2011) Intravascular optical imaging technology for investigating the coronary artery. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 4(9):1022\u20131039","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"4","key":"2340_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehp433","volume":"31","author":"F Prati","year":"2010","unstructured":"Prati F, Regar E, Mintz GS, Arbustini E, Di Mario C, Jang IK, Akasaka T, Costa M, Guagliumi G, Grube E, Ozaki Y, Pinto F, Serruys PW (2010) Expert review document on methodology, terminology, and clinical applications of optical coherence tomography: physical principles, methodology of image acquisition, and clinical application for assessment of coronary arteries and atherosclerosis. Eur Heart J 31(4):401\u2013415","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"20","key":"2340_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2513","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs095","volume":"33","author":"F Prati","year":"2012","unstructured":"Prati F, Guagliumi G, Mintz GS, Costa M, Regar E, Akasaka T, Barlis P, Tearney GJ, Jang IK, Arbustini E, Bezerra HG, Ozaki Y, Bruining N, Dudek D, Radu M, Erglis A, Motreff P, Alfonso F, Toutouzas K, Gonzalo N, Tamburino C, Adriaenssens T, Pinto F, Serruys PW, Di Mario C (2012) Expert review document part 2: methodology, terminology and clinical applications of optical coherence tomography for the assessment of interventional procedures. Eur Heart J 33(20):2513\u20132520","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"6","key":"2340_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-020-01756-0","volume":"36","author":"T Nishida","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nishida T, Hiro T, Takayama T, Sudo M, Haruta H, Fukamachi D, Hirayama A, Okumura Y (2021) Clinical significance of microvessels detected by in vivo optical coherence tomography within human atherosclerotic coronary arterial intima: a study with multimodality intravascular imagings. Heart Vessels 36(6):756\u2013765","journal-title":"Heart Vessels"},{"issue":"19","key":"2340_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2259","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000016043.87291.33","volume":"105","author":"CS Rihal","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rihal CS, Textor SC, Grill DE, Berger PB, Ting HH, Best PJ, Singh M, Bell MR, Barsness GW, Mathew V, Garratt KN, Holmes DR Jr (2002) Incidence and prognostic importance of acute renal failure after percutaneous coronary intervention. Circulation 105(19):2259\u20132264","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"2340_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ihj.2020.03.013","volume":"72","author":"NK Mahesh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mahesh NK, Gupta A, Barward P, Vijayvergiya R, Sharma P, Mahesh A (2020) Study of saline optical coherence tomography-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (SOCT-PCI Study). Indian Heart J 72(4):239\u2013243","journal-title":"Indian Heart J"},{"key":"2340_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2021.01.010","volume":"34","author":"A Gupta","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gupta A, Chhikara S, Vijayvergiya R, Seth A, Mahesh NK, Akasaka T, Singh N (2022) Saline as an Alternative to Radio-Contrast for Optical Coherence Tomography-Guided Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Prospective Comparison. Cardiovasc Revasc Med 34:86\u201391","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Revasc Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"2340_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2020.04.018","volume":"13","author":"AK Gore","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gore AK, Shlofmitz E, Karimi Galougahi K, Petrossian G, Jeremias A, Sosa FA, Rahim HM, Stone GW, Mintz GS, Maehara A, Shlofmitz RA, Ali ZA (2020) Prospective Comparison Between Saline and Radiocontrast for Intracoronary Imaging With Optical Coherence Tomography. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 13(9):2060\u20132062","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2340_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2021.05.015","volume":"153","author":"H Shiomi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shiomi H, Morimoto T, Furukawa Y, Nakagawa Y, Kadota K, Yoshikawa Y, Yamaji K, Tada T, Tazaki J, Ehara N, Taniguchi R, Tamura T, Iwakura A, Tada T, Watanabe H, Suwa S, Toyofuku M, Inada T, Kaneda K, Ogawa T, Takeda T, Sakai H, Yamamoto T, Tambara K, Esaki J, Eizawa H, Yamada M, Shinoda E, Nishizawa J, Mabuchi H, Tamura N, Shirotani M, Nakayama S, Uegaito T, Matsuda M, Takahashi M, Inoko M, Kanemitsu N, Tamura T, Ishii K, Nawada R, Onodera T, Ohno N, Koyama T, Tsuneyoshi H, Sakamoto H, Aoyama T, Miki S, Tanaka M, Sato Y, Yamazaki F, Hanyu M, Soga Y, Komiya T, Ando K, Minatoya K, Kimura T (2021) Coronary Revascularization in the Past Two Decades in Japan (From the CREDO-Kyoto PCI\/CABG Registries Cohort-1, -2, and -3). Am J Cardiol 153:20\u201329","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2340_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kubo T, Shinke T, Okamura T, Hibi K, Nakazawa G, Morino Y, Shite J, Fusazaki T, Otake H, Kozuma K, Ioji T, Kaneda H, Serikawa T, Kataoka T, Okada H, Akasaka T (2017) Optical frequency domain imaging vs. intravascular ultrasound in percutaneous coronary intervention (OPINION trial): one-year angiographic and clinical results. Eur Heart J 38(42):3139\u20133147","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx351"},{"issue":"5","key":"2340_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.25092","volume":"84","author":"K Frick","year":"2014","unstructured":"Frick K, Michael TT, Alomar M, Mohammed A, Rangan BV, Abdullah S, Grodin J, Hastings JL, Banerjee S, Brilakis ES (2014) Low molecular weight dextran provides similar optical coherence tomography coronary imaging compared to radiographic contrast media. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 84(5):727\u2013731","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv"},{"issue":"4","key":"2340_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-11-1122","volume":"76","author":"Y Ozaki","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ozaki Y, Kitabata H, Tsujioka H, Hosokawa S, Kashiwagi M, Ishibashi K, Komukai K, Tanimoto T, Ino Y, Takarada S, Kubo T, Kimura K, Tanaka A, Hirata K, Mizukoshi M, Imanishi T, Akasaka T (2012) Comparison of contrast media and low-molecular-weight dextran for frequency-domain optical coherence tomography. Circ J 76(4):922\u2013927","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"issue":"11","key":"2340_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2912","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2006111216","volume":"18","author":"E Seeliger","year":"2007","unstructured":"Seeliger E, Flemming B, Wronski T, Ladwig M, Arakelyan K, Godes M, M\u00f6ckel M, Persson PB (2007) Viscosity of contrast media perturbs renal hemodynamics. J Am Soc Nephrol 18(11):2912\u20132920","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2340_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yamamoto H, Otake H, Tanimura K, Hirata KI (2022) Kounis syndrome leading to triple-vessel coronary artery ischaemia due to simultaneous coronary spasm, plaque erosion, and multiple stent thrombosis: a case report. Eur Heart J Case Rep 6(5):ytac178","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcr\/ytac178"},{"issue":"4","key":"2340_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-81-4-500","volume":"81","author":"JL Data","year":"1974","unstructured":"Data JL, Nies AS (1974) Drugs five years later: dextran 40. Ann Intern Med 81(4):500\u2013504","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"2340_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3411","volume":"34","author":"CA Given 2nd","year":"2013","unstructured":"Given CA 2nd, Attizzani GF, Jones MR, Ramsey CN 3rd, Brooks WH, Costa MA, Bezerra HG (2013) Frequency-domain optical coherence tomography assessment of human carotid atherosclerosis using saline flush for blood clearance without balloon occlusion. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 34(7):1414\u20131418","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2340_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1177\/1526602816657392","volume":"23","author":"DE Kendrick","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kendrick DE, Allemang MT, Gosling AF, Nagavalli A, Kim AH, Nishino S, Parikh SA, Bezerra HG, Kashyap VS (2016) Dextran or Saline Can Replace Contrast for Intravascular Optical Coherence Tomography in Lower Extremity Arteries. J Endovasc Ther 23(5):723\u2013730","journal-title":"J Endovasc Ther"},{"issue":"15","key":"2340_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaccas.2020.09.029","volume":"2","author":"SA Harding","year":"2020","unstructured":"Harding SA, Mowjood T, Fairley S (2020) Ultra-Low Contrast Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Guided by Optical Coherence Tomography Complicated by Coronary Perforation. JACC Case Rep 2(15):2429\u20132431","journal-title":"JACC Case Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"2340_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2022.100546","volume":"2","author":"CP Shen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shen CP, Kadakia RS, Price MJ (2023) A Complex Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Guided by Optical Coherence Tomography With Heparinized Saline. Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions 2(2):100546","journal-title":"Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions"},{"key":"2340_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.844114","volume":"9","author":"T Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen T, Yu H, Ma L, Fang C, Jia H, Liu H, Xu M, Zhang D, Yang G, Zhang S, Han J, Wei G, Liu Y, Hou J, Yu B (2022) Feasibility and Safety of Very-Low Contrast Combined Ringer\u2019s Solution in Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging. Front Cardiovasc Med 9:844114","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2340_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-015-0668-0","volume":"31","author":"MJ Suter","year":"2015","unstructured":"Suter MJ, Kashiwagi M, Gallagher KA, Nadkarni SK, Asanani N, Tanaka A, Conditt GB, Tellez A, Milewski K, Kaluza GL, Granada JF, Bouma BE, Tearney GJ (2015) Optimizing flushing parameters in intracoronary optical coherence tomography: an in vivo swine study. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 31(6):1097\u20131106","journal-title":"Int J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"5","key":"2340_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-020-01742-6","volume":"36","author":"K Miura","year":"2021","unstructured":"Miura K, Tada T, Shimada T, Ohya M, Murai R, Kubo S, Tanaka H, Fuku Y, Goto T, Kadota K (2021) Three-dimensional optical coherence tomography versus intravascular ultrasound in percutaneous coronary intervention for the left main coronary artery. Heart Vessels 36(5):630\u2013637","journal-title":"Heart Vessels"},{"issue":"9","key":"2340_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJV10I9A179","volume":"10","author":"F Burzotta","year":"2015","unstructured":"Burzotta F, Dato I, Trani C, Pirozzolo G, De Maria GL, Porto I, Niccoli G, Leone AM, Schiavoni G, Crea F (2015) Frequency domain optical coherence tomography to assess non-ostial left main coronary artery. EuroIntervention 10(9):e1-8","journal-title":"EuroIntervention"},{"issue":"2","key":"2340_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e124","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJ-D-20-01121","volume":"17","author":"N Amabile","year":"2021","unstructured":"Amabile N, Rang\u00e9 G, Souteyrand G, Godin M, Boussaada MM, Meneveau N, Cayla G, Casassus F, Lef\u00e8vre T, Hakim R, Bagdadi I, Motreff P, Caussin C (2021) Optical coherence tomography to guide percutaneous coronary intervention of the left main coronary artery: the LEMON study. EuroIntervention 17(2):e124\u2013e131","journal-title":"EuroIntervention"},{"key":"2340_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.854554","volume":"9","author":"A Gupta","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gupta A, Shrivastava A, Vijayvergiya R, Chhikara S, Datta R, Aziz A, Singh Meena D, Nath RK, Kumar JR (2022) Optical Coherence Tomography: An Eye Into the Coronary Artery. Front Cardiovasc Med 9:854554","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2340_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e149","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJ-D-20-00996","volume":"17","author":"N Kobayashi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kobayashi N, Shibata Y, Okazaki H, Shirakabe A, Takano M, Miyauchi Y, Asai K, Shimizu W (2021) A novel technique of low molecular weight dextran infusion followed by catheter push (D-PUSH) for optical coherence tomography. EuroIntervention 17(2):e149\u2013e151","journal-title":"EuroIntervention"}],"container-title":["Heart and Vessels"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00380-023-02340-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00380-023-02340-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00380-023-02340-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]],"date-time":"2024-03-11T00:04:38Z","timestamp":1710115478000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00380-023-02340-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["2340"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00380-023-02340-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0910-8327","1615-2573"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0910-8327","type":"print"},{"value":"1615-2573","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 September 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 November 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 December 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}