{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T06:07:08Z","timestamp":1768370828072,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752796800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Heart Vessels"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-025-02579-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T21:30:10Z","timestamp":1752874210000},"page":"40-47","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["When should bepridil concomitant with catheter ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation be discontinued? The importance of left atrial reverse remodeling"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1554-1056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuki","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rie","family":"Akagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naomasa","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Ikami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sou","family":"Otsuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akiko","family":"Sanada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinsuke","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hirotaka","family":"Sugiura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masaomi","family":"Chinushi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Inomata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2579_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1161\/cir.0000000000001193","volume":"149","author":"JA Joglar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Joglar JA, Chung MK, Armbruster AL, Benjamin EJ, Chyou JY, Cronin EM, Deswal A, Eckhardt LL, Goldberger ZD, Gopinathannair R, Gorenek B, Hess PL, Hlatky M, Hogan G, Ibeh C, Indik LH, Kido K, Kusumoto F, Link MS, Linta KT, Marcus GM, McCarthy PM, Patel N, Patton KK, Perez MV, Piccini JP, Russo AM (2024) 2023 ACC\/AHA\/ACCP\/HRS Guideline for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American heart association joint committee on clinical practice guidelines. Circulation 149:e1\u2013e156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/cir.0000000000001193","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2579_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-023-02329-7","volume":"39","author":"D Aoyama","year":"2024","unstructured":"Aoyama D, Miyazaki S, Amaya N, Tama N, Hasegawa K, Ryohei N, Tsuji T, Nakano A, Uzui H, Tada H (2024) Treatment with catheter ablation for patients with arrhythmia-induced cardiomyopathy caused by atrial fibrillation promises a good prognosis. Heart Vessels 39:240\u2013251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00380-023-02329-7","journal-title":"Heart Vessels"},{"key":"2579_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1161\/circep.114.001672","volume":"8","author":"D Schreiber","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schreiber D, Rostock T, Fr\u00f6hlich M, Sultan A, Servatius H, Hoffmann BA, L\u00fcker J, Berner I, Sch\u00e4ffer B, Wegscheider K, Lezius S, Willems S, Steven D (2015) Five-year follow-up after catheter ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation using the stepwise approach and prognostic factors for success. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 8:308\u2013317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circep.114.001672","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2579_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1408288","volume":"372","author":"A Verma","year":"2015","unstructured":"Verma A, Jiang CY, Betts TR, Chen J, Deisenhofer I, Mantovan R, Macle L, Morillo CA, Haverkamp W, Weerasooriya RAJP, Nardi S, Menardi E, Novak P, Sanders P (2015) Approaches to catheter ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 372:1812\u20131822. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1408288","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2579_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.cj-14-0099","volume":"78","author":"Y Murakawa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Murakawa Y, Nogami A, Shoda M, Inoue K, Naito S, Kumagai K, Miyauchi Y, Yamane T, Morita N, Okumura K (2014) Nationwide survey of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: the Japanese Catheter Ablation Registry of Atrial Fibrillation (J-CARAF)\u2013report of 1-year follow-up. Circ J 78:1091\u20131096. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1253\/circj.cj-14-0099","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"2579_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9149(03)00672-6","volume":"92","author":"A Fujiki","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fujiki A, Tsuneda T, Sugao M, Mizumaki K, Inoue H (2003) Usefulness and safety of bepridil in converting persistent atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm. Am J Cardiol 92:472\u2013475. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0002-9149(03)00672-6","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2579_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-20-1212","volume":"86","author":"K Ono","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ono K, Iwasaki YK, Akao M, Ikeda T, Ishii K, Inden Y, Kusano K, Kobayashi Y, Koretsune Y, Sasano T, Sumitomo N, Takahashi N, Niwano S, Hagiwara N, Hisatome I, Furukawa I, Honjo H, Maruyama T, Murakawa Y, Yasaka M, Watanabe E, Aiba T, Amino M, Itoh H, Ogawa H, Okumura Y, Aoki-Kamiya C, Kishihara J, Kodani E, Komatsu T, Sakamoto Y, Satomi K, Shiga T, Shinohara T, Suzuki A, Suzuki S, Sekiguchi Y, Nagase S, Hayami N, Harada M, Fujino T, Makiyama T, Maruyama M, Miake J, Muraji S, Murata H, Morita N, Yokoshiki K, Yoshida K, Yodogawa K, Inoue H, Okumura K, Kimura T, Tsutsui H, Shimizu W (2022) JCS\/JHRS 2020 guideline on pharmacotherapy of cardiac arrhythmias. Circ J 86:1790\u20131924. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1253\/circj.CJ-20-1212","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"2579_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2019.08.017","volume":"75","author":"D Yakabe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yakabe D, Aso A, Araki M, Murasato Y, Nakamura T (2020) Efficacy of hybrid therapy using prior administration of bepridil hydrochloride and cryoballoon ablation in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. J Cardiol 75:360\u2013367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jjcc.2019.08.017","journal-title":"J Cardiol"},{"key":"2579_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.cj-08-1061","volume":"73","author":"T Yamashita","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yamashita T, Ogawa S, Sato T, Aizawa Y, Atarashi H, Fujiki A, Inoue H, Ito M, Katoh T, Kobayashi Y, Koretsune Y, Kumagai K, Niwano S, Okazaki O, Okumura K, Saku K, Tanabe T, Origasa H (2009) Dose-response effects of bepridil in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation monitored with transtelephonic electrocardiograms: a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study (J-BAF Study). Circ J 73:1020\u20131027. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1253\/circj.cj-08-1061","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"2579_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2016.11.003","volume":"10","author":"L Thomas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thomas L, Abhayaratna WP (2017) Left atrial reverse remodeling: mechanisms, evaluation, and clinical significance. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 10:65\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcmg.2016.11.003","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2579_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2007.00833.x","volume":"18","author":"K Nishida","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nishida K, Fujiki A, Sakamoto T, Iwamoto J, Mizumaki K, Hashimoto N, Inoue H (2007) Bepridil reverses atrial electrical remodeling and L-type calcium channel downregulation in a canine model of persistent atrial tachycardia. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 18:765\u2013772. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2007.00833.x","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2579_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.70.206","volume":"70","author":"D Sato","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sato D, Niwano S, Imaki R, Masaki Y, Sasaki S, Yuge M, Hirasawa S, Sasaki T, Moriguchi M, Niwano H, Yoshimura H, Izumi T (2006) Bepridil inhibits sub-acute phase of atrial electrical remodeling in canine rapid atrial stimulation model. Circ J 70:206\u2013213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1253\/circj.70.206","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"2579_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eut152","volume":"16","author":"S Fredersdorf","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fredersdorf S, Ucer E, Jungbauer C, Dornia C, Eglmeier J, Eissnert C, Hamer OW, Weber S, Arzt M, von Bary C (2014) Lone atrial fibrillation as a positive predictor of left atrial volume reduction following ablation of atrial fibrillation. Europace 16:26\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/europace\/eut152","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2579_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-019-01475-1","volume":"35","author":"Y Kagawa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kagawa Y, Fujii E, Fujita S, Ito M (2020) Association between left atrial reverse remodeling and maintenance of sinus rhythm after catheter ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation. Heart Vessel 35:239\u2013245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00380-019-01475-1","journal-title":"Heart Vessel"},{"key":"2579_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2014.10.003","volume":"28","author":"RM Lang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lang RM, Badano LP, Mor-Avi V, Afilalo J, Armstrong A, Ernande L, Flachskampf FA, Foster E, Goldstein SA, Kuznetsova T, Lancellotti P, Muraru D, Picard MH, Rietzschel ER, Rudski L, Spencer KT, Tsang W, Voigt JU (2015) Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American society of echocardiography and the European association of cardiovascular imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 28:1-39.e14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.echo.2014.10.003","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"2579_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2018.06.004","volume":"32","author":"C Mitchell","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mitchell C, Rahko PS, Blauwet LA, Canaday B, Finstuen JA, Foster MC, Horton K, Ogunyankin KO, Palma RA, Velazquez EJ (2019) Guidelines for performing a comprehensive transthoracic echocardiographic examination in adults: recommendations from the American society of echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 32:1\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.echo.2018.06.004","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"2579_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.05.063","volume":"57","author":"LF Tops","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tops LF, Delgado V, Bertini M, Marsan NA, Den Uijl DW, Trines SA, Zeppenfeld K, Holman E, Schalij MJ, Bax JJ (2011) Left atrial strain predicts reverse remodeling after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 57:324\u2013331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.05.063","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2579_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx666","volume":"39","author":"M Duytschaever","year":"2018","unstructured":"Duytschaever M, Demolder A, Phlips T, Sarkozy A, El Haddad M, Taghji P, Knecht S, Tavernier R, Vandekerckhove Y, De Potter T (2018) PulmOnary vein isolation With vs. without continued antiarrhythmic Drug trEatment in subjects with recurrent atrial fibrillation (POWDER AF): results from a multicentre randomized trial. Eur Heart J 39:1429\u20131437. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx666","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2579_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2015.09.012","volume":"68","author":"T Kondo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kondo T, Miake J, Kato M, Ogura K, Iitsuka K, Yamamoto K (2016) Impact of postprocedural antiarrhythmic drug therapy with bepridil on maintaining sinus rhythm after catheter ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation. J Cardiol 68:229\u2013235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jjcc.2015.09.012","journal-title":"J Cardiol"},{"key":"2579_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv501","volume":"37","author":"K Kaitani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kaitani K, Inoue K, Kobori A, Nakazawa Y, Ozawa T, Kurotobi T, Morishima I, Miura F, Watanabe T, Masuda M, Naito M, Fujimoto H, Nishida T, Furukawa Y, Shirayama T, Tanaka M, Okajima K, Yao T, Egami Y, Satomi K, Noda T, Miyamoto KHT, Kawaji T, Yoshizawa T, Toyota T, Yahata M, Nakai K, Sugiyama H, Higashi T, Ito M, Horie M, Kusano KF, Shimizu W, Kamakura S, Morimoto T, Kimura T, Shizuta S (2016) Efficacy of antiarrhythmic drugs short-term use after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (EAST-AF) trial. Eur Heart J 37:610\u2013618. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv501","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2579_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3356","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu354","volume":"35","author":"S Darkner","year":"2014","unstructured":"Darkner S, Chen X, Hansen J, Pehrson S, Johannessen A, Nielsen JB, Svendsen JH (2014) Recurrence of arrhythmia following short-term oral AMIOdarone after CATheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study (AMIO-CAT trial). Eur Heart J 35:3356\u20133364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu354","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2579_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2024.05.007","author":"T Yamaguchi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yamaguchi T (2024) Atrial structural remodeling and atrial fibrillation substrate: A histopathological perspective. J Cardiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jjcc.2024.05.007","journal-title":"J Cardiol"},{"key":"2579_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/s0008-6363(02)00258-4","volume":"54","author":"M Allessie","year":"2002","unstructured":"Allessie M, Ausma J, Schotten U (2002) Electrical, contractile and structural remodeling during atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc Res 54:230\u2013246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0008-6363(02)00258-4","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"2579_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1161\/circep.108.784272","volume":"1","author":"Z Lu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lu Z, Scherlag BJ, Lin J, Niu G, Fung KM, Zhao L, Ghias M, Jackman WM, Lazzara R, Jiang H, Po SS (2008) Atrial fibrillation begets atrial fibrillation: autonomic mechanism for atrial electrical remodeling induced by short-term rapid atrial pacing. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 1:184\u2013192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circep.108.784272","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2579_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.12.029","volume":"79","author":"L Soulat-Dufour","year":"2022","unstructured":"Soulat-Dufour L, Lang S, Addetia K, Ederhy S, Adavane-Scheuble S, Chauvet-Droit M, Jean ML, Nhan P, Ben Said R, Kamami I, Issaurat P, Capderou E, Arnaud C, Boccara F, Lang RM, Cohen A (2022) Restoring sinus rhythm reverses cardiac remodeling and reduces valvular regurgitation in patients with atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 79:951\u2013961. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.12.029","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2579_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.cj-12-1518","volume":"77","author":"T Machino-Ohtsuka","year":"2013","unstructured":"Machino-Ohtsuka T, Seo Y, Ishizu T, Yanaka S, Nakajima H, Atsumi A, Yamamoto M, Kawamura R, Koshino Y, Machino T, Kuroki K, Yamasaki H, Igarashi M, Sekiguchi Y, Tada H, Aonuma K (2013) Significant improvement of left atrial and left atrial appendage function after catheter ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation. Circ J 77:1695\u20131704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1253\/circj.cj-12-1518","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"2579_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.68.834","volume":"68","author":"A Fujiki","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fujiki A, Tsuneda T, Sakabe M, Nakagawa K, Mizumaki K, Hirai T, Inoue H (2004) Maintenance of sinus rhythm and recovery of atrial mechanical function after cardioversion with bepridil or in combination with aprindine in long-lasting persistent atrial fibrillation. Circ J 68:834\u2013839. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1253\/circj.68.834","journal-title":"Circ J"}],"container-title":["Heart and Vessels"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00380-025-02579-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00380-025-02579-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00380-025-02579-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T22:15:27Z","timestamp":1768342527000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00380-025-02579-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["2579"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00380-025-02579-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0910-8327","1615-2573"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0910-8327","type":"print"},{"value":"1615-2573","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest in association with the present study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest in association with the present study. This retrospective chart review study involving human participants was in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The Human Investigation Committee (IRB) of Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital approved this study (Approval No. 2024\u20130149).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"We applied Opt-out method to obtain consent on this study by using the poster approved by the Institutional Review Board.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate and publish"}}]}}