{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T14:19:03Z","timestamp":1780755543623,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,16]],"date-time":"2025-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755302400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,16]],"date-time":"2025-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Heart Vessels"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-025-02596-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,16]],"date-time":"2025-08-16T02:19:22Z","timestamp":1755310762000},"page":"88-95","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Efficacy and safety of intravascular ultrasound-guided percutaneous coronary intervention with intravascular lithotripsy for severe calcified lesions"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4501-3449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masahiko","family":"Noguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makio","family":"Muraishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Nakama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kotaro","family":"Obunai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2596_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.01.017","volume":"63","author":"MV Madhavan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Madhavan MV, Tarigopula M, Mintz GS, Maehara A, Stone GW, G\u00e9n\u00e9reux P (2014) Coronary artery calcification: pathogenesis and prognostic implications. J Am Coll Cardiol 63:1703\u20131714","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2596_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJ-D-17-00473","volume":"13","author":"E Barbato","year":"2017","unstructured":"Barbato E, Shlofmitz E, Milkas A, Shlofmitz R, Azzalini L, Colombo A (2017) State of the art: evolving concepts in the treatment of heavily calcified and undilatable coronary stenoses \u2013 from debulking to plaque modification, a 40-year-long journey. EuroIntervention 13:696\u2013705","journal-title":"EuroIntervention"},{"key":"2596_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2021.03.036","volume":"14","author":"DJ Kereiakes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kereiakes DJ, Virmani R, Hokama JY, Illindala U, Mena-Hurtado C, Holden A, Hill JM, Lyden SP, Ali ZA (2021) Principles of intravascular lithotripsy for calcific plaque modification. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 14:1275\u20131292","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"2596_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.036531","volume":"139","author":"TJ Brinton","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brinton TJ, Ali ZA, Hill JM, Meredith IT, Maehara A, Illindala U, Lansky A, G\u00f6tberg M, Van Mieghem NM, Whitbourn R, Fajadet J, Di Mario C (2019) Feasibility of shock wave coronary intravascular lithotripsy for the treatment of calcified coronary stenoses. Circulation 139:834\u2013836","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2596_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.119.008434","volume":"12","author":"ZA Ali","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ali ZA, Nef H, Escaned J, Werner N, Banning AP, Hill JM, De Bruyne B, Montorfano M, Lefevre T, Stone GW, Crowley A, Matsumura M, Maehara A, Lansky AJ, Fajadet J, Di Mario C (2019) Safety and effectiveness of coronary intravascular lithotripsy for treatment of severely calcified coronary stenoses: the Disrupt CAD II study. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 12:e008434","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"2596_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.09.603","volume":"76","author":"JM Hill","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hill JM, Kereiakes DJ, Shlofmitz RA, Klein AJ, Riley RF, Price MJ, Herrmann HC, Bachinsky W, Waksman R, Stone GW, Disrupt CAD III Investigators (2020) Intravascular lithotripsy for treatment of severely calcified coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 76:2635\u20132646","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2596_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-20-1174","volume":"85","author":"S Saito","year":"2021","unstructured":"Saito S, Yamazaki S, Takahashi A, Namiki A, Kawasaki T, Otsuji S, Nakamura S, Shibata Y, Disrupt CAD IV Investigators (2021) Intravascular lithotripsy for vessel preparation in severely calcified coronary arteries prior to stent placement - Primary outcomes from the Japanese disrupt CAD IV study. Circ J 85:826\u2013833","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"2596_CR8","volume":"3","author":"NM Butala","year":"2024","unstructured":"Butala NM, Waldo SW, Secemsky EA, Kennedy KF, Spertus JA, Rymer JA, Rao SV, Messenger JC, Yeh RW (2024) Use of calcium modification during percutaneous coronary intervention after introduction of coronary intravascular lithotripsy. J Soc Cardiovasc Angiogr Interv 3:101254","journal-title":"J Soc Cardiovasc Angiogr Interv"},{"key":"2596_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4340","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad342","volume":"44","author":"E Barbato","year":"2023","unstructured":"Barbato E, Gallinoro E, Abdel-Wahab M, Andreini D, Carri\u00e9 D, Di Mario C, Dudek D, Escaned J, Fajadet J, Guagliumi G, Hill J, McEntegart M, Mashayekhi K, Mezilis N, Onuma Y, Reczuch K, Shlofmitz R, Stefanini G, Tarantini G, Toth GG, Vaquerizo B, Wijns W, Ribichini FL (2023) Management strategies for heavily calcified coronary stenoses: an EAPCI clinical consensus statement in collaboration with the EURO4C-PCR group. Eur Heart J 44:4340\u20134356","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2596_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.120.010296","volume":"14","author":"M Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang M, Matsumura M, Usui E, Noguchi M, Fujimura T, Fall KN, Zhang Z, Nazif TM, Parikh SA, Rabbani LE, Kirtane AJ, Collins MB, Leon MB, Moses JW, Karmpaliotis D, Ali ZA, Mintz GS, Maehara A (2021) Intravascular ultrasound-derived calcium score to predict stent expansion in severely calcified lesions. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 14:e010296","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"2596_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-12-0630","volume":"77","author":"N Nakayama","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nakayama N, Hibi K, Endo M, Miyazawa A, Suzuki H, Maejima N, Isshiki T, Kozuma K, Kimura K (2013) Validity and reliability of new intravascular ultrasound analysis software for morphological measurement of coronary artery disease. Circ J 77:424\u2013431","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"2596_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1007\/s12928-021-00824-0","volume":"37","author":"Y Saito","year":"2022","unstructured":"Saito Y, Kobayashi Y, Fujii K, Sonoda S, Tsujita K, Hibi K, Morino Y, Okura H, Ikari Y, Honye J (2022) Clinical expert consensus document on intravascular ultrasound from the Japanese Association of Cardiovascular Intervention and Therapeutics (2021). Cardiovasc Interv Ther 37:40\u201351","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Interv Ther"},{"key":"2596_CR13","first-page":"116","volume":"77","author":"LB Yap","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yap LB, Choy CN, Balachandran K (2022) Intravascular ultrasound guided treatment of severe coronary artery calcification with shockwave intravascular lithotripsy. Med J Malaysia 77:116\u2013118","journal-title":"Med J Malaysia"},{"key":"2596_CR14","first-page":"500","volume":"77","author":"LB Yap","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yap LB, Choy CN, Navin S, Koh KW, Jeyamalar R, Balachandran K (2022) Treatment of severe coronary artery calcification with intravascular lithotripsy: initial experience of a prospective single centre registry. Med J Malaysia 77:500\u2013505","journal-title":"Med J Malaysia"},{"key":"2596_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2023.03.003","volume":"53","author":"S Bhogal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bhogal S, Garcia-Garcia HM, Klein A, Benzuly K, Mangalmurti S, Moses J, Alaswad K, Jaffer F, Yong C, Nanjundappa A, Ben-Dor I, Mintz GS, Hashim H, Waksman R (2023) Intravascular lithotripsy for the treatment of severely calcified coronary artery disease: a DISRUPT CAD III intravascular ultrasound substudy. Cardiovasc Revasc Med 53:22\u201327","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Revasc Med"},{"key":"2596_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2018.02.004","volume":"11","author":"A Fujino","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fujino A, Mintz GS, Lee T, Hoshino M, Usui E, Kanaji Y, Murai T, Yonetsu T, Matsumura M, Ali ZA, Jeremias A, Moses JW, Shlofmitz RA, Kakuta T, Maehara A (2018) Predictors of calcium fracture derived from balloon angioplasty and its effect on stent expansion assessed by optical coherence tomography. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 11:1015\u20131017","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"2596_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-15-1059","volume":"80","author":"N Maejima","year":"2016","unstructured":"Maejima N, Hibi K, Saka K, Akiyama E, Konishi M, Endo M, Iwahashi N, Tsukahara K, Kosuge M, Ebina T, Umemura S, Kimura K (2016) Relationship between thickness of calcium on optical coherence tomography and crack formation after balloon dilatation in calcified plaque requiring rotational atherectomy. Circ J 80:1413\u20131419","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"2596_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2014.11.012","volume":"8","author":"T Kubo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kubo T, Shimamura K, Ino Y, Yamaguchi T, Matsuo Y, Shiono Y, Taruya A, Nishiguchi T, Shimokado A, Teraguchi I, Orii M, Yamano T, Tanimoto T, Kitabata H, Hirata K, Tanaka A, Akasaka T (2015) Superficial calcium fracture after PCI as assessed by OCT. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 8:1228\u20131229","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2596_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-024-02466-7","volume":"40","author":"Y Suzuki","year":"2025","unstructured":"Suzuki Y, Uehara M, Ando H, Suzuki A, Murata A, Matsuda H, Tokuda T, Amano T (2025) Clinical outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention for severely calcified lesions: comparison between the morphologies of severely calcified coronary lesions. Heart Vessels 40:275\u2013284","journal-title":"Heart Vessels"},{"key":"2596_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-22-0695","volume":"87","author":"H Emori","year":"2023","unstructured":"Emori H, Shiono Y, Kuriyama N, Honda Y, Ebihara S, Kadooka K, Ogata K, Kimura T, Nishihira K, Tanaka A, Shibata Y (2023) Calcium fracture after intravascular lithotripsy as assessed with optical coherence tomography. Circ J 87:799\u2013805","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"2596_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2023.06.021","volume":"16","author":"K Kawai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kawai K, Sato Y, Hokama JY, Kawakami R, Konishi T, Ghosh SKB, Virmani R, Finn AV (2023) Histology, OCT, and micro-CT evaluation of coronary calcification treated with intravascular lithotripsy: atherosclerotic cadaver study. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 16:2097\u20132108","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"2596_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2017.0363","volume":"2","author":"J Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen J, Budoff MJ, Reilly MP, Yang W, Rosas SE, Rahman M, Zhang X, Roy JA, Lustigova E, Nessel L, Ford V, Raj D, Porter AC, Soliman EZ, Wright JT Jr, Wolf M, He J, CRIC Investigators (2017) Coronary artery calcification and risk of cardiovascular disease and death among patients with chronic kidney disease. JAMA Cardiol 2:635\u2013643","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"2596_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-024-04896-4","volume":"24","author":"A Jalali","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jalali A, Hassanzadeh A, Najafi MS, Nayebirad S, Dashtkoohi M, Karimi Z, Shafiee A (2024) Predictors of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events after percutaneous coronary intervention in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Geriatr 24:337","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"2596_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1253\/circrep.CR-23-0082","volume":"5","author":"S Saito","year":"2023","unstructured":"Saito S, Yamazaki S, Takahashi A, Namiki A, Kawasaki T, Otsuji S, Nakamura S, Shibata Y (2023) Intravascular lithotripsy for vessel preparation in calcified coronary arteries prior to stent placement - Japanese Disrupt CAD IV study 2-year results. Circ Rep 5:437\u2013441","journal-title":"Circ Rep"},{"key":"2596_CR25","first-page":"823","volume":"102","author":"F Blachutzik","year":"2023","unstructured":"Blachutzik F, Meier S, Weissner M, Schlattner S, Gori T, Ullrich H, Gaede L, Achenbach S, M\u00f6llmann H, Chitic B, Aksoy A, Nickenig G, Weferling M, Pons-K\u00fchnemann J, D\u00f6rr O, Boeder N, Bayer M, Els\u00e4sser A, Hamm CW, Nef H, ROTA.shock Investigators (2023) Coronary intravascular lithotripsy and rotational atherectomy for severely calcified stenosis: results from the ROTA. shock trial. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 102:823\u2013833","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"2596_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185422","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1185422","volume":"10","author":"J Leick","year":"2023","unstructured":"Leick J, Rheude T, Denne M, Cassese S, Kastrati A, Hauptmann F, Gehrig T, Kuna C, Lindner M, Lauterbach M, Werner N (2023) Comparison of long-term outcome in patients with calcified stenosis treated with intravascular lithotripsy or with modified balloon angioplasty: a propensity score-adjusted study. Front Cardiovasc Med 10:1185422","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"}],"container-title":["Heart and Vessels"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00380-025-02596-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00380-025-02596-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00380-025-02596-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T19:16:06Z","timestamp":1768936566000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00380-025-02596-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,16]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["2596"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00380-025-02596-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0910-8327","1615-2573"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0910-8327","type":"print"},{"value":"1615-2573","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 August 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 August 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Dr. Nakama is a consultant for Asahi Intecc.,\u00a0Becton, Dickinson and Company, Boston Scientific, Cook Medical, Cordis, Kaneka Medix, NIPRO, and OrbusNeich. All other authors report that they have no relationships relevant to the content of this paper.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Tokyo Bay Urayasu Ichikawa Medical Center (reference number: 2024998).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors affirm that human research participants provided informed consent for the publication of the images in all figures.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publish"}}]}}