{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T12:59:37Z","timestamp":1772024377430,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,19]],"date-time":"2014-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1392768000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,19]],"date-time":"2014-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1392768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Childs Nerv Syst"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-014-2383-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,18]],"date-time":"2014-02-18T00:20:06Z","timestamp":1392682806000},"page":"561-570","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["RETRACTED ARTICLE: Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma: current\n            concepts, management, and future directions"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Taohui","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Benjamin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Long","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiantong","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiqing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2383_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/S1525-1578(10)60586-7","volume":"7","author":"T Ichikawa","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ichikawa T, Wakisaka A, Daido S, Takao S, Tamiya T, Date I (2005) A\n                    case of solitary subependymal giant cell astrocytoma: two somatic hits of TSC2\n                    in the tumor, without evidence of somatic mosaicism. J Mol Diagn\n                    7:544\u2013549","journal-title":"J Mol Diagn"},{"key":"2383_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199903043400905","volume":"340","author":"J Kwiatkowska","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kwiatkowska J, Wigowska-Sowinska J, Napierala D, Slomski R,\n                    Kwiatkowski DJ (1999) Mosaicism in tuberous sclerosis as a potential cause of\n                    the failure of molecular diagnosis. N Engl J Med 340:703\u2013707","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2383_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2006.105.2.271","volume":"105","author":"MM Souweidane","year":"2006","unstructured":"Souweidane MM, Luther N (2006) Endoscopic resection of solid\n                    intraventricular brain tumors. J Neurosurg 105:271\u2013278","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2383_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.41.1.124","volume":"41","author":"JS Hahn","year":"1991","unstructured":"Hahn JS, Bejar R, Gladson CL (1991) Neonatal subependymal giant\n                    cell astrocytoma associated with tuberous sclerosis: MRI, CT and ultrasound\n                    correlation. Neurology 41:124\u2013128","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2383_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1159\/000058432","volume":"36","author":"A Medhkour","year":"2002","unstructured":"Medhkour A, Traul D, Hussain N (2002) Neonatal subependymal giant\n                    cell astrocytoma. Pediatr Neurosurg 36:271\u2013274","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg"},{"key":"2383_CR6","first-page":"97","volume":"114","author":"DN Louis","year":"2007","unstructured":"Louis DN, Ohgaki H, Wiestler OD, Cavenee WK, Burger PC, Jouvet A,\n                    Scheithauer BW, Kleihues P (2007) The 2007 WHO classification of tumours of the\n                    central nervous system. Acta Neuropsychiatrica 114:97\u2013109","journal-title":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica"},{"key":"2383_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS2002134","volume":"48","author":"RW Byard","year":"2003","unstructured":"Byard RW, Blumbergs PC, James RA (2003) Mechanisms of unexpected\n                    death in tuberous sclerosis. J Forensic Sci 48:172\u2013176","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"2383_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1975.tb82053.x","volume":"1","author":"JM Brown","year":"1975","unstructured":"Brown JM (1975) Tuberose sclerosis with malignant astrocytoma. Med\n                    J Aust 1:811\u2013814","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"2383_CR9","first-page":"99","volume":"8","author":"S Waga","year":"1977","unstructured":"Waga S, Yamamoto Y, Kojima T, Sakakura M (1977) Massive\n                    hemorrhagein tumor of tuberous sclerosis. Surg Neurol 8:99\u2013101","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"2383_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073808321764","volume":"23","author":"MK Koenig","year":"2008","unstructured":"Koenig MK, Butler IJ, Northrup H (2008) Regression of subependymal\n                    giant cell astrocytoma with rapamycin in tuberous sclerosis complex. J Child\n                    Neurol 23:1238\u20131239","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"2383_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1001671","volume":"363","author":"DA Krueger","year":"2010","unstructured":"Krueger DA, Care MM, Holland K, Agricola K, Tudor C, Mangeshkar P,\n                    Wilson KA, Byars A, Sahmoud T, Franz DM (2010) Everolimus for subependymal\n                    giant-cell astrocytomas in tuberous sclerosis. N Engl J Med\n                    363:1801\u20131811","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2383_CR12","unstructured":"Russell DS, Rubenstein LJ, Lumsden CE (1959) Tuberose sclerose\n                    (Bourneville\u2019s disease), subependymal giant-cell astrocytomas: tuberose\n                    sclerosis, spongio neuroblastoma and tuberose sclerosis. In: Russell DS,\n                    Rubenstein LJ, editors. Pathology of tumours of the nervous system. London:\n                    Edward Arnold p. 29-30. 105\u20136, 169"},{"key":"2383_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2009.02567.x","volume":"16","author":"ME Adriaensen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Adriaensen ME, Schaefer-Prokop CM, Stijnen T, Duyndam DA,\n                    Zonnenberg BA, Prokop M (2009) Prevalence of subependymal giant cell tumors in\n                    patients with tuberous sclerosis and a review of the literature. Eur J Neurol\n                    16:691\u2013696","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"2383_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000142039.14522.1A","volume":"63","author":"S Goh","year":"2004","unstructured":"Goh S, Butler W, Thiele EA (2004) Subependymal giant cell tumors in\n                    tuberous sclerosis complex. Neurology 63:1457\u20131461","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2383_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)61196-3","volume":"66","author":"CW Shepherd","year":"1991","unstructured":"Shepherd CW, G\u00f3mez MR, Lie JT, Crowson CS (1991) Causes of death in\n                    patients with tuberous sclerosis. Mayo Clin Proc 66:792\u2013796","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"2383_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2007000200023","volume":"65","author":"K Takata","year":"2007","unstructured":"Takata K, Gaspareto EL, Da Costa LC, Lucato LT, Reed UC, Matushita\n                    H, de Aguiar PHP, Rosemberg S (2007) Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma in\n                    patients with tuberous sclerosis: magnetic resonance imaging findings in ten\n                    cases. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 65:313\u2013316","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"key":"2383_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2006.08.009","volume":"36","author":"GP Raju","year":"2007","unstructured":"Raju GP, Urion DK, Sahin M (2007) Neonatal subependymal giant cell\n                    astrocytoma: new case and review of literature. Pediatr Neurol\n                    36:128\u2013131","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"2383_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Franz DN, Belousova E, Sparagana S, Bebin EM, Frost M, Kuperman R\n                    (2012) Efficacy and safety of everolimus for subependymal giant cell\n                    astrocytomas associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (EXIST-1): a\n                    multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet, Available\n                    online 13 November","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61134-9"},{"key":"2383_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.66.3.370","volume":"66","author":"R Nabbout","year":"1999","unstructured":"Nabbout R, Santos M, Rolland Y, Delalande O, Dulac O, Chiron C\n                    (1999) Early diagnosis of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma in children with\n                    tuberous sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 66:370\u2013375","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"2383_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1159\/000120796","volume":"20","author":"G Sinson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sinson G, Sutton LN, Yachnis AT, Duhaime AC, Schut L (1994)\n                    Subependymal giant cell astrocytomas in children. Pediatr Neurosurg\n                    20:233\u2013239","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg"},{"key":"2383_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00706748","volume":"5","author":"S Fujiwara","year":"1989","unstructured":"Fujiwara S, Takaki T, Hikita T, Nishio S (1989) Subependymal\n                    giant-cell astrocytoma associated with tuberous sclerosis. Do subependymal\n                    nodules grow? Childs Nerv Syst 5:43\u201344","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"2383_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-4608(98)00140-X","volume":"109","author":"M Debiec-Rychter","year":"1999","unstructured":"Debiec-Rychter M, Jesionek-Kupnicka D, Zakrzewski K, Liberski PP\n                    (1999) Cytogenetic changes in two cases of subependymal giant-cell astrocytoma.\n                    Cancer Gente Cytogenet 109:29\u201333","journal-title":"Cancer Gente Cytogenet"},{"key":"2383_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03033764","volume":"10","author":"MC Sharma","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sharma MC, Ralte AM, Gaekwad S, Santosh V, Shankar S, Sarkar C\n                    (2004) Subependimal giant cell astrocytoma\u2014a clinicopathological study of 23\n                    cases with special emphasis on histogenesis. Pathol Oncol Res\n                    10:219\u2013224","journal-title":"Pathol Oncol Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2383_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03033764","volume":"10","author":"MC Sharma","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sharma MC, Ralte AM, Arora R, Santosh V, Shankar SK, Sarkar C\n                    (2004) Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma\u2014a clinicopathological study of 23\n                    cases with special emphasis on histogenesis. Pathol Oncol Res\n                    10(4):219\u2013224","journal-title":"Pathol Oncol Res"},{"key":"2383_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1789.2008.00934.x","volume":"29","author":"MB Anna","year":"2009","unstructured":"Anna MB, Alessandro F, Francesca C, Chiara FG, Federico M, Flavio\n                    G, Genitori L, Taddei GL (2009) Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA): is\n                    it an astrocytoma? Morphological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study.\n                    Neuropathology 29:25\u201330","journal-title":"Neuropathology"},{"key":"2383_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-004-2354-2","volume":"74","author":"Y Heon","year":"2005","unstructured":"Heon Y, Young Im K, Soo Young I, Haeyoung SK, Sun Ha P, Sung-Hye P,\n                    Kim DG, Jung HW (2005) Immunohistochemical study of central neurocytoma,\n                    subependymoma, and subependymal giant cell astrocytoma. J Neuro-Oncol\n                    74:1\u20138","journal-title":"J Neuro-Oncol"},{"key":"2383_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1984.60.6.1121","volume":"60","author":"JM Bonnin","year":"1984","unstructured":"Bonnin JM, Rubinstein LJ (1984) Immunohistochemistry of central\n                    nervous system tumors. Its contribution to neurosurgical diagnosis. J Neurosurg\n                    60:1121\u20131133","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2383_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-002-0700-2","volume":"19","author":"V Cuccia","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cuccia V, Zuccaro G, Sosa F, Monges J, Lubienieky F, Taratuto AL\n                    (2003) Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma in children with tuberous sclerosis.\n                    Childs Nerv Syst 19:232\u2013243","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"2383_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199106000-00013","volume":"28","author":"CW Shepherd","year":"1991","unstructured":"Shepherd CW, Scheithauer BW, Gomez MR, Altermatt HJ, Katzmann JA\n                    (1991) Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma: a clinical, pathological, and flow\n                    cytometric study. Neurosurgery 28:864\u2013868","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"2383_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02012989","volume":"22","author":"F Menor","year":"1992","unstructured":"Menor F, Marti-Bonmati L, Mulas F, Poyatos C, Cortina H (1992)\n                    Neuroimaging in tuberous sclerosis: a clinicoradiological evaluation in\n                    pediatric patients. Pediatr Radiol 22:485\u2013489","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"2383_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.33.11.962","volume":"33","author":"T Sepp","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sepp T, Yates JR, Green AJ (1996) Loss of heterozygosity in\n                    tuberous sclerosis hamartomas. J Med Genet 33:962\u2013964","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"2383_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1086\/321972","volume":"69","author":"Y Niida","year":"2001","unstructured":"Niida Y, Stemmer-Rachamimov AO, Logrip M, Tapon D, Perez R,\n                    Kwiatkowski DJ, Sims K, MacCollin M, Louis DN, Ramesh V (2001) Survey of somatic\n                    mutations in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) hamartomas suggests different\n                    genetic mechanisms for pathogenesis of TSC lesions. Am J Hum Genet\n                    69:493\u2013503","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2383_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-008-0832-y","volume":"38","author":"HJ Baskin Jr","year":"2008","unstructured":"Baskin HJ Jr (2008) The pathogenesis and imaging of the tuberous\n                    sclerosis complex. Pediatr Radiol 38:936\u2013952","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"2383_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(07)70411-4","volume":"9","author":"J Jozwiak","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jozwiak J, Jozwiak S, Wlodarski P (2008) Possible mechanisms of\n                    disease development in tuberous sclerosis. Lancet Oncol\n                    9:73\u201379","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2383_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddi260","volume":"14","author":"DJ Kwiatkowski","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kwiatkowski DJ, Manning BD (2005) Tuberous sclerosis: a GAP at the\n                    crossroads of multiple signaling pathways. Hum Mol Genet\n                    14:251\u2013258","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"2383_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200317222","volume":"112","author":"H Zhang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zhang H, Cicchetti G, Onda H (2003) Loss of Tsc1\/Tsc2 activates\n                    mTOR and disrupts P13K\u2013Akt signaling through downregulation of PDGFR. J Clin\n                    Invest 112:1223\u20131233","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"2","key":"2383_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2010.07959.x","volume":"278","author":"Y Lin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lin Y, Henderson P, Pettersson S, Satsangi J, Hupp T, Stevens C\n                    (2011) Tuberous sclerosis-2(TSC2) regulates the stability of death-associated\n                    protein kinase-1(DAPK) through a lysosome-dependent degradation pathway. FEBS J\n                    278(2):354\u2013370","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"key":"2383_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/63.12.1236","volume":"63","author":"JA Chan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chan JA, Zhang H, Roberts PS, Jozwiak S, Wieslawa G, Lewin Kowalik\n                    J, Katarzyna K, David JK (2004) Pathogenesis of tuberous sclerosis subependymal\n                    giant cell astrocytomas: biallelic inactivation of TSC1 or TSC2 leads to mTOR\n                    activation. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 63:1236\u20131242","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2383_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2010.090950","volume":"176","author":"ME Tyburczy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tyburczy ME, Kotulska K, Pokarowski P, Mieczkowski J, Kucharska J,\n                    Grajkowska W, Roszkowski M, Jozwiak S, Kaminska B (2010) Novel proteins\n                    regulated by mTOR in subependymal giant cell astrocytomas of patients with\n                    tuberous sclerosis complex and new therapeutic implications. Am J Pathol\n                    176(4):1878\u20131890","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"Suppl 10","key":"2383_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2005.00353.x","volume":"46","author":"JH Cross","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cross JH (2005) Neurocutaneous syndromes and epilepsy-issues in\n                    diagnosis and management. Epilepsia 46(Suppl 10):17\u201323","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"2383_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195122107.003.0004","volume-title":"Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: Developmental Perspectives in Psychiatry","author":"MR Gomez","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gomez MR (1999) Natural history of cerebral tuberous sclerosis. In:\n                    Gomez MR, Sampson JR, Whittemore VH (eds) Tuberous Sclerosis Complex:\n                    Developmental Perspectives in Psychiatry. Oxford University Press, New York, pp\n                    29\u201346"},{"key":"2383_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1991.tb14947.x","volume":"33","author":"I Jambaque","year":"1991","unstructured":"Jambaque I, Cusmai R, Curatolo P, Cortesi F, Perrot C, Dulac O\n                    (1991) Neuropsychological aspects of tuberous sclerosis in relation to epilepsy\n                    and MRI findings. Dev Med Child Neurol 33:698\u2013705","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"2383_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2003.026815","volume":"89","author":"FJ O\u2019Callaghan","year":"2004","unstructured":"O\u2019Callaghan FJ, Harris T, Joinson C, Bolton P, Noakes M, Presdee D,\n                    Renowden S, Shiell A, Martyn CN, Osborne JP (2004) The relation of infantile\n                    spasms, tubers, and intelligence in tuberous sclerosis complex. Arch Dis Child\n                    89:530\u2013533","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"2383_CR44","first-page":"276","volume":"35","author":"J Osborne","year":"1993","unstructured":"Osborne J, Webb D (1993) Seizures and intellectual disability\n                    associated with tuberous sclerosis. Dev Med Child Neurol\n                    35:276","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2383_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2007.01035.x","volume":"48","author":"The Tuberous Sclerosis Study Group","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gregory LH, Carl ES, The Tuberous Sclerosis Study Group (2007)\n                    Tuberous sclerosis complex and epilepsy: recent developments and future\n                    challenges. Epilepsia 48(4):617\u2013630","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"2383_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000249216.19591.5D","volume":"60","author":"S de Ribaupierre","year":"2007","unstructured":"de Ribaupierre S, Dorfm\u00fcller G, Bulteau C, Fohlen M, Pinard JM,\n                    Chiron C, Catherine C, Olivier D (2007) Subependymal giant-cell astrocytomas in\n                    pediatric tuberous sclerosis disease: when should we operate? Neurosurgery\n                    60:83\u201389","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"2383_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-011-1406-0","volume":"27","author":"R Moavero","year":"2011","unstructured":"Moavero R, Pinci M, Bombardieri R, Curatolo P (2011) The management\n                    of subependymal giant cell tumors in tuberous sclerosis: a clinician's\n                    perspective. Childs Nerv Syst 27:1203\u20131210","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"2383_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1159\/000060178","volume":"136","author":"VE Torres","year":"2001","unstructured":"Torres VE, King BF, McKusick MA, Bjornsson J, Zincke H (2001)\n                    Update on tuberous sclerosis complex. Contrib Nephrol\n                    136:33\u201349","journal-title":"Contrib Nephrol"},{"key":"2383_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-010-1159-1","volume":"27","author":"T Jiang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jiang T, Jia G, Ma Z, Luo S, Zhang Y (2011) The diagnosis and\n                    treatment of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma combined with tuberous\n                    sclerosis. Childs Nerv Syst 27:55\u201362","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"2383_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.9.JNS10816","volume":"114","author":"KJ Park","year":"2011","unstructured":"Park KJ, Kano H, Kondziolka D, Niranjan A, Flickinger JC, Lunsford\n                    LD (2011) Gamma Knife surgery for subependymal giant cell astrocytomas. J\n                    Neurosurg 114:808\u2013813","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2383_CR51","unstructured":"Lopes MBS, Wiestler OD, Stemmer-Rachamimov AO, Sharma MC (2007)\n                    Tuberous sclerosis complex and subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, in Louis DN,\n                    Ohgaki H, Wiestler OD, Cavenee WK (eds): WHO Classification of Tumours of the\n                    Central Nervous System, ed 4. Lyon: IARC Press Vol 1, pp\n                    218\u2013221"},{"key":"2383_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.57.5.662","volume":"57","author":"MH Hyman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hyman MH, Whittemore VH (2000) National Institutes of Health\n                    consensus conference: tuberous sclerosis complex. Arch Neurol\n                    57:662\u2013665","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"2383_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1177\/088307389901400610","volume":"14","author":"ES Roach","year":"1999","unstructured":"Roach ES, DiMario FJ, Kandt RS, Northrup H (1999) Tuberous\n                    Sclerosis Consensus Conference: recommendations for diagnostic evaluation.\n                    National Tuberous Sclerosis Association. J Child Neurol\n                    14:401\u2013407","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"2383_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-010-0025-2","volume":"6","author":"M Berhouma","year":"2010","unstructured":"Berhouma M (2010) Management of subependymal giant cell tumors in\n                    tuberous sclerosis complex: the neurosurgeon\u2019s perspective. World J Pediatr\n                    6:103\u2013110","journal-title":"World J Pediatr"},{"key":"2383_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010664311717","volume":"52","author":"SK Kim","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kim SK, Wang KC, Cho BK, Jung HW, Lee YJ, Chung YS, Lee JY, Park\n                    SH, Kim YM, Choe G, Chi JG (2001) Biological behavior and tumorigenesis of\n                    subependymal giant cell astrocytomas. J Neurooncol 52:217\u2013225","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"2383_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e3181ffae71","volume":"68","author":"HD Boogaarts","year":"2011","unstructured":"Boogaarts HD, Decq P, Grotenhuis JA, Le GC, Nseir R, Jarraya B,\n                    Djindjian M, Michel D, Tjemme B (2011) Long-term results of the neuroendoscopic\n                    management of colloid cysts of the third ventricle: a series of 90 cases.\n                    Neurosurgery 68:179\u2013187","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"2383_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2010.02.068","volume":"73","author":"R Cai","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cai R, Di X (2010) Combined intra- and extra-endoscopic techniques\n                    for aggressive resection of subependymal giant cell astrocytomas. World\n                    Neurosurg 73:713\u2013718","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"2383_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-13580","volume":"44","author":"T Beems","year":"2001","unstructured":"Beems T, Grotenhuis JA (2001) Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma\n                    in tuberous sclerosis: endoscopic images and the implications for therapy. Minim\n                    Invasive Neurosurg 44:58\u201360","journal-title":"Minim Invasive Neurosurg"},{"issue":"suppl2","key":"2383_CR59","first-page":"575","volume":"62","author":"P Cappabianca","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cappabianca P, Cinalli G, Gangemi M, Brunori A, Cavallo L,\n                    deDivitiis E, Decq P, Delitala A, Di Rocco F, Frazee J, Godano U, Grotenhuis A,\n                    Longatti P (2008) Application of neuroendoscopy to intraventricular lesions.\n                    Neurosurgery 62(suppl2):575\u2013597","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"2383_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1991.tb37786.x","volume":"615","author":"CW Shepherd","year":"1991","unstructured":"Shepherd CW, Gomez MR (1991) Mortality in the Mayo Clinic Tuberous\n                    Sclerosis Complex Study. Ann NY Acad Sci 615:375\u2013377","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"2383_CR61","first-page":"75","volume":"94","author":"DN Franz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Franz DN, de Vries PJ, Crino PB (2009) Giant cell astrocytomas in\n                    tuberous sclerosis complex. Arch Dis Child 94:75\u201376","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"2383_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1159\/000209297","volume":"87","author":"MA Henderson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Henderson MA, Fakiris AJ, Timmerman RD, Worth RM, Lo SS, Witt TC\n                    (2009) Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery for low-grade astrocytomas.\n                    Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 87:161\u2013167","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"key":"2383_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-3019(97)00186-9","volume":"48","author":"YG Park","year":"1997","unstructured":"Park YG, Kim EY, Chang JW, Chung SS (1997) Volume changes following\n                    gamma knife radiosurgery of intracranial tumors. Surg Neurol\n                    48:488\u2013493","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"2383_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.3171\/sup.2006.105.7.127","volume":"105","author":"LW Wang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wang LW, Shiau CY, Chung WY, Wu HM, Guo WY, Liu KD, Ho DMT, Wong\n                    TT, Pan DHC (2006) Gamma Knife surgery for low-grade astrocytomas: evaluation of\n                    long-term outcome based on a 10-year experience. J Neurosurg\n                    105(suppl):127\u2013132","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2383_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.9.JNS10816","volume":"114","author":"KJ Park","year":"2011","unstructured":"Park KJ, Kano H, Kondziolka D, Niranjan A, Flickinger JC, Lunsford\n                    LD (2011) Gamma Knife surgery for subependymal giant cell astrocytomas. Clinical\n                    article. J Neurosurg 114:808\u2013813","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2383_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.38.287","volume":"38","author":"H Matsumura","year":"1998","unstructured":"Matsumura H, Takimoto H, Shimada N, Hirata M, Ohnishi T, Hayakawa T\n                    (1998) Glioblastoma following radiotherapy in a patient with tuberous sclerosis.\n                    Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 38:287\u2013291","journal-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)"},{"key":"2383_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1177\/088307389801300405","volume":"13","author":"OA Torres","year":"1998","unstructured":"Torres OA, Roach ES, Delgado MR, Sparagana SP, Sheffield E, Swift\n                    D, Bruce D (1998) Early diagnosis of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma in\n                    patients with tuberous sclerosis. J Child Neurol 13:173\u2013177","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"2383_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2011.09.006","volume":"16","author":"M Perek-Polnik","year":"2012","unstructured":"Perek-Polnik M, Jozwiak S, Jurkiewicz E, Perek D, Kotulska K (2012)\n                    Effective everolimus treatment of inoperable, life-threatening subependymal\n                    giant cell astrocytoma and intractable epilepsy in a patient with tuberous\n                    sclerosis complex. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 16:83\u201385","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"},{"key":"2383_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1586\/era.11.93","volume":"11","author":"DN Franz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Franz DN (2011) Everolimus: an mTOR inhibitor for the treatment of\n                    tuberous sclerosis. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 11:1181\u20131192","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anticancer Ther"},{"key":"2383_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20784","volume":"59","author":"DN Franz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Franz DN, Leonard J, Tudor C, Chuck G, Care M, Sethuraman G et al\n                    (2006) Rapamycin causes regression of astrocytomas in tuberous sclerosis\n                    complex. Ann Neurol 59:490\u2013498","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2383_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.7.PEDS10221","volume":"6","author":"A Birca","year":"2010","unstructured":"Birca A, Mercier C, Major P (2010) Rapamycin as an alternative to\n                    surgical treatment of subependymal giant cell astrocytomas in a patient with\n                    tuberous sclerosis complex. J Neurosurg Pediatr 6:381\u2013384","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"key":"2383_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa063564","volume":"358","author":"JJ Bissler","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bissler JJ, McCormack FX, Young LR, Elwing JM, Chuck G, Leonard JM,\n                    Schmithorst VJ, Laor T, Brody AS, Bean J, Salisburyand S, Franz DN (2008)\n                    Sirolimus for angiomyolipoma in tuberous sclerosis complex or\n                    lymphangioleiomyomatosis. N Engl J Med 358:140\u2013151","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2383_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.22298","volume":"54","author":"C Lam","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lam C, Bouffet E, Tabori U, Mabbott D, Taylor M, Bartels U (2010)\n                    Rapamycin (sirolimus) in tuberous sclerosis associated pediatric central nervous\n                    system tumors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 54:476\u2013479","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"2383_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2007.01035.x","volume":"48","author":"GL Holmes","year":"2007","unstructured":"Holmes GL, Stafstrom CE (2007) Tuberous sclerosis complex and\n                    epilepsy: recent developments and future challenges. Epilepsi\n                    48:617\u2013630","journal-title":"Epilepsi"},{"key":"2383_CR75","first-page":"1236e41","volume":"51","author":"CJ Chu-Shore","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chu-Shore CJ, Major P, Camposano S, Muzykewicz D, Thiele EA (2010)\n                    The natural history of epilepsyin tuberous sclerosis complex. Epilepsia\n                    51:1236e41","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"9639","key":"2383_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657e68","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61279-9","volume":"372","author":"P Curatolo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Curatolo P, Bombardieri R, Jozwiak S (2008) Tuberous sclerosis.\n                    Lancet 372(9639):657e68","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2383_CR77","first-page":"908e15","volume":"70","author":"FE Jansen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jansen FE, Braams O, Vincken KL, Algra A, Anbeek P,\n                    Jennekens-Schinkel A, Halley D, Zonnenberg BA, Ouweland A, Huffelen AC,\n                    Nieuwenhuizen O, Nellist M (2008) Overlapping neurologic and cognitive\n                    phenotypes in patients with TSC1 or TSC2 mutations. Neurology\n                    70:908e15","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2383_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.2217\/fnl.12.45","volume":"7","author":"M Wong","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wong M (2012) mTOR as a potential treatment target for epilepsy.\n                    Future Neurol 7(5):537\u2013545","journal-title":"Future Neurol"},{"key":"2383_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1131693","volume":"314","author":"KF Graham","year":"2006","unstructured":"Graham KF, Haddick PC, Jan YN, Jan LY (2006) Activity- and\n                    mTOR-dependent suppression of Kv1.1 channel mRNA translation in dendrites.\n                    Science 314:144\u2013148","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2383_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2006.03.011","volume":"401","author":"Y Wang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wang Y, Barbaro MF, Baraban SC (2006) A role for the mTOR pathway\n                    in surface expression of AMPA receptors. Neurosci Lett\n                    401:35\u201339","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"2383_CR81","unstructured":"Wilfong A, Krueger DA, Holland-Bouley K (2011) Everolimus improves\n                    seizure control in tuberous sclerosis complex. Presented at: American Epilepsy\n                    Society Annual Meeting Baltimore, MD, USA, (Late-breaking Abstract\n                    3.329)"},{"key":"2383_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1788","volume":"14","author":"D Ehninger","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ehninger D, Han S, Shilyansky C, Zhou Y, Li W, Kwiatkowski DJ et al\n                    (2008) Reversal of learning deficits in a Tsc2+\/\u2212 mouse model of tuberous\n                    sclerosis. Nat Med 14:843\u2013848","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2383_CR83","first-page":"3469","volume":"9","author":"B Govindarajan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Govindarajan B, Mizesko MC, Miller MS, Onda H, Nunnelley M, Casper\n                    K, Brat D, Cohen C, Arbiser JL (2003) Tuberous sclerosis-associated neoplasms\n                    express activated p42\/44 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, and inhibition\n                    of MAP kinase signaling results in vivo tumor growth. Clin Cancer Res\n                    9:3469\u20133475","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"2383_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02685886","volume":"9","author":"J Jozwiak","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jozwiak J, Grajkowska W, Kotulska K, Jozwiak S, Zalewski W,\n                    Zajaczkowska A, Roszkowski M, Slupianek A, Wlodarski P (2007) Brain tumor\n                    formation in tuberous sclerosis depends on Erk activation. Neuromol Med\n                    9:117\u2013127","journal-title":"Neuromol Med"},{"key":"2383_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3151","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1207542","volume":"23","author":"DC Fingar","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fingar DC, Blenis J (2004) Target of rapamycin (TOR): an integrator\n                    of nutrient and growth factor signals and coordinator of cell growth and cell\n                    cycle progression. Oncogene 23:3151\u20133171","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"2383_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.137.2.481","volume":"137","author":"RL Klemke","year":"1997","unstructured":"Klemke RL, Cai S, Giannini AL, Gallagher PJ, de Lanerolle P,\n                    Cheresh DA (1997) Regulation of cell motility by mitogen-activated protein\n                    kinase. J Cell Biol 137:481\u2013492","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"2383_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2007.04.012","volume":"19","author":"AK Pullikuth","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pullikuth AK, Catling AD (2007) Scaffold mediated regulation of\n                    MAPK signaling and cytoskeletal dynamics: a perspective. Cell Signal\n                    19:1621\u20131632","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"2383_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-010-1222-y","volume":"27","author":"M Yalon","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yalon M, Ben-Sira L, Constantini S, Toren A (2011) Regression of\n                    subependymal giant cell astrocytomas with RAD001 (everolimus) in tuberous\n                    sclerosis complex. Childs Nerv Syst 27:179\u2013181","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-016-3047-9","type":"retraction","label":"Retraction","source":"retraction-watch","updated":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]],"date-time":"2016-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459468800000},"record-id":"3799"},{"DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-014-2383-x","type":"retraction","label":"Retraction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,19]],"date-time":"2014-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1392768000000}},{"DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-016-3047-9","type":"retraction","label":"Retraction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,27]],"date-time":"2016-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456531200000}}],"container-title":["Child's Nervous System"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00381-014-2383-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00381-014-2383-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00381-014-2383-x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00381-014-2383-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T12:03:28Z","timestamp":1772021008000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00381-014-2383-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,19]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]}},"alternative-id":["2383"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00381-014-2383-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0256-7040","1433-0350"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0256-7040","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-0350","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 July 2013","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 February 2014","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 February 2014","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}