{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T21:32:10Z","timestamp":1780781530958,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,24]],"date-time":"2018-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543017600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Childs Nerv Syst"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-018-4007-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,24]],"date-time":"2018-11-24T01:30:29Z","timestamp":1543023029000},"page":"251-256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Cerebro-venous hypertension: a frequent cause of so-called \u201cexternal hydrocephalus\u201d in infants"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1554-509X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura V.","family":"Sainz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Zipfel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne R.","family":"Kerscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Weichselbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Bevot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin U.","family":"Schuhmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"4007_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0387-7604(84)80060-1","volume":"6","author":"CF Barlow","year":"1984","unstructured":"Barlow CF (1984) CSF dynamics in hydrocephalus\u2014with special attention to external hydrocephalus. Brain Dev 6:119\u2013127","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"issue":"1","key":"4007_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.8.PEDS09204","volume":"5","author":"GA Bateman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bateman GA (2010) Hyperemic hydrocephalus: a new form of childhood hydrocephalus analogous to hyperemic intracranial hypertension in adults. J Neurosurg Pediatr 5(1):20\u201326","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"key":"4007_CR3","first-page":"183","volume":"45","author":"GA Bateman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bateman GA, Alber M, Schuhmann MU (2014) An association between external hydrocephalus in infants and reversible collapse of the venous sinuses. Neuropediatrics 45:183\u2013187","journal-title":"Neuropediatrics"},{"key":"4007_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-011-1617-4","volume":"28","author":"GA Bateman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bateman GA, Brown KM (2011) The measurement of CSF flow through the aqueduct in normal and hydrocephalic children: from where does it come, to where does it go? Childs Nerv Syst 28:55\u201363","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"4007_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-011-1549-z","volume":"27","author":"GA Bateman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bateman GA, Napier BD (2011) External hydrocephalus in infants: six cases with MR venogram and flow quantification correlation. Childs Nerv Syst 27:2087\u20132096","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"4007_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-8118-11-10","volume":"11","author":"T Brinker","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brinker T, Stopa E, Morrison J, Klinge P (2014) A new look at cerebrospinal fluid circulation. Fluids Barriers CNS 11:10","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"key":"4007_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2010.1425","volume":"27","author":"P Bonis De","year":"2010","unstructured":"De Bonis P, Pompucci A, Mangiola A, Rigante L, Anile C (2010) Post-traumatic hydrocephalus after decompressive craniectomy: an underestimated risk factor. J Neurotrauma 27:1965\u20131970","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"3","key":"4007_CR8","first-page":"201","volume":"56","author":"R Simone De","year":"2014","unstructured":"De Simone R, Ranieri A, Montella S, Bilo L, Cautiero F (2014) The role of dural sinus stenosis in idiopathic intracranial hypertension pathogenesis: the self-limiting venous collapse feedback-loop model. Panminerva Med 56(3):201\u2013209","journal-title":"Panminerva Med"},{"key":"4007_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)62655-0","volume":"41","author":"T Dillon","year":"1986","unstructured":"Dillon T, Berman W Jr, Yabek SM, Seigel R, Akl B, Wernly J (1986) Communicating hydrocephalus: a reversible complication of the mustard operation with serial hemodynamics and long-term follow-up. Ann Thorac Surg 41:146\u2013149","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"4007_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0048245","volume":"7","author":"AF Frydrychowski","year":"2012","unstructured":"Frydrychowski AF, Winklewski PJ, Guminski W (2012) Influence of acute jugular vein compression on the cerebral blood flow velocity, pial artery pulsation and width of subarachnoid space in humans. PLoS One 7(10):e48245","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"4007_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1997.tb07433.x","volume":"39","author":"PW Hanlo","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hanlo PW, Gooskens RJ, van Schooneveld M, Tulleken CA, van der Knaap MS, Faber JA, Willemse J (1997) The effect of intracranial pressure on myelination and the relationship with neurodevelopment in infantile hydrocephalus. Dev Med Child Neurol 39:286\u2013291","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"2 Suppl Pediatr","key":"4007_CR12","first-page":"119","volume":"107","author":"LC Hellbush","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hellbush LC (2007) Benign extracerebral fluid collections in infancy: clinical presentation and long-term follow-up. J Neurosurg 107(2 Suppl Pediatrics):119\u2013125","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"4007_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2008.08.009","volume":"77","author":"KG Kapoor","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kapoor KG, Katz SE, Grzybowski DM, Lubow M (2008) Cerebrospinal fluid outflow: an evolving perspective. Brain Res Bull 77:327\u2013334","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"4007_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-006-0047-1","volume":"22","author":"R Kumar","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kumar R (2006) External hydrocephalus in small children. Childs Nerv Syst 22:1237\u20131241","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"4007_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00342987","volume":"21","author":"B Kendall","year":"1981","unstructured":"Kendall B, Holland I (1981) Benign communicating hydrocephalus in children. Neuroradiology 21:93\u201396","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"4007_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.3171\/PED\/2008\/2\/9\/163","volume":"2","author":"PH Leliefeld","year":"2008","unstructured":"Leliefeld PH, Gooskens RHJM, Vicken KL, Ramos LM, van der Grond J, Tulleken CAF et al (2008) Magnetic resonance imaging for quantitative flow measurement in infants with hydrocephalus: a prospective study. J Neurosurg Pediatrics 2:163\u2013170","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"4007_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.184.3.1509061","volume":"184","author":"M Libicher","year":"1992","unstructured":"Libicher M, Tr\u00f6ger J (1992) US measurement of the subarachnoid space in infants: normal values. Radiology 184(3):749\u2013751","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"4007_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1976.45.1.0056","volume":"45","author":"Y Maki","year":"1976","unstructured":"Maki Y, Kokubo Y, Nose T, Yoshii Y (1976) Some characteristic findings of isotope cisternograms in children. J Neurosurg 45:56\u201359","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"4007_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.148.6.1223","volume":"148","author":"J Maytal","year":"1987","unstructured":"Maytal J, Alvarez LA, Elkin CM, Shinnar S (1987) External hydrocephalus: radiologic spectrum and differentiation from cerebral atrophy. AJR Am J Roentgenol 148:1223\u20131230","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"10","key":"4007_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-006-0080-0","volume":"22","author":"H Muenchberger","year":"2006","unstructured":"Muenchberger H, Assaad N, Joy P, Brunsdon R, Shores EA (2006) Idiopathic macrocephaly in the infant: long-term neurological and neuropsychological outcome. Childs Nerv Syst 22(10):1242\u20131248","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"4007_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1969.31.5.0561","volume":"31","author":"H Norrell","year":"1969","unstructured":"Norrell H, Wilson C, Howieson J et al (1969) Venous factors in infantile hydrocephalus. J Neurosurg 31:561\u2013569","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"5","key":"4007_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1159\/000028730","volume":"29","author":"BB O\u2019Hayon","year":"1998","unstructured":"O\u2019Hayon BB, Drake JM, Ossip MG, Tuli S, Clarke M (1998) Frontal and occipital horn ratio: a linear estimate of ventricular size for multiple imaging modalities in pediatric hydrocephalus. Pediatr Neurosurg 29(5):245\u2013249","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg"},{"key":"4007_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-005-0020-4","volume":"22","author":"S Oi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Oi S, Di Rocco C (2006) Proposal of \u201cevolution theory in cerebrospinal fluid dynamics\u201d and minor pathway hydrocephalus in developing immature brain. Childs Nerv Syst 22:662\u2013669v","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"4007_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3171\/PED\/2008\/2\/7\/001","volume":"2","author":"HL Rekate","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rekate HL, Nadkarni TD, Wallace D (2008) The importance of the cortical subarachnoid space in understanding hydrocephalus. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2(1):1\u201311","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"key":"4007_CR25","first-page":"237","volume":"29","author":"L Turner","year":"1961","unstructured":"Turner L (1961) The structure of arachnoid granulations with observations on their physiology and pathophysiological significance. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 29:237\u2013264","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"key":"4007_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2017.04.018","volume":"73","author":"US Wiig","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wiig US, Zahl SM, Egge A, Helseth E, Wester K (2017) Epidemiology of benign external hydrocephalus in Norway-a population-based study. Pediatr Neurol 73:36\u201341","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"}],"container-title":["Child's Nervous System"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00381-018-4007-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00381-018-4007-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00381-018-4007-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,23]],"date-time":"2019-11-23T19:27:35Z","timestamp":1574537255000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00381-018-4007-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,24]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]}},"alternative-id":["4007"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00381-018-4007-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0256-7040","1433-0350"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0256-7040","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-0350","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 August 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 November 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 November 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}