{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T23:10:09Z","timestamp":1787613009152,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,9]],"date-time":"2019-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565308800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,9]],"date-time":"2019-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Childs Nerv Syst"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-019-04341-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,9]],"date-time":"2019-08-09T07:02:51Z","timestamp":1565334171000},"page":"767-773","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Intrathecal baclofen therapy for treatment of spasticity in infants and small children under 6\u00a0years of age"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2677-5704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Hagemann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilka","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grischa","family":"Lischetzki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Kunkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"4341_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000001090","volume":"33","author":"SM Woolf","year":"2017","unstructured":"Woolf SM, Baum CR (2017) Baclofen pumps: uses and complications. Pediatr Emerg Care 33(4):271\u2013275","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"4341_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0000000000001155","volume":"30","author":"T Abe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abe T, Taniguchi W, Nishio N, Nakatsuka T, Yoshida M, Yamada H (2019) Molecular mechanisms of the antispasticity effects of baclofen on spinal ventral horn neurons. Neuroreport 30(1):19\u201325. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/WNR.0000000000001155","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"issue":"1","key":"4341_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181c38da5","volume":"112","author":"SH Flack","year":"2010","unstructured":"Flack SH, Bernards CM (2010) Cerebrospinal fluid and spinal cord distribution of hyperbaric bupivacaine and baclofen during slow intrathecal infusion in pigs. Anesthesiology 112(1):165\u2013173","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"4341_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1991.03460110084029","volume":"265","author":"AL Albright","year":"1991","unstructured":"Albright AL, Cervi A, Singletary J (1991) Intrathecal baclofen therapy for spasticity in cerebral plasy. JAMA 265:1418\u20131422","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7","key":"4341_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e318287f02a","volume":"32","author":"MP Dickey","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dickey MP, Rice M, Kinnett DG, Lambert R, Donauer S, Gerber MA, Staat MA (2013) Infectious complications of intrathecal baclofen pump devices in a pediatric population. Pediatr Infect Dis J 32(7):715\u2013722. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/INF.0b013e318287f02a","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"6","key":"4341_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.11.PEDS15421","volume":"17","author":"HS Spader","year":"2016","unstructured":"Spader HS, Bollo RJ, Bowers CA, Riva-Cambrin J (2016) Risk factors for baclofen pump infection in children: a multivariate analysis. J Neurosurg Pediatr 17(6):756\u2013762. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2015.11.PEDS15421","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"4341_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e015863","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-015863","volume":"7","author":"K Stewart","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stewart K, Hutana G, Kentish M (2017) Intrathecal baclofen therapy in paediatrics: a study protocol for an Australian multicentre, 10-year prospective audit. BMJ Open 7(6):e015863. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-015863","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"4341_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.09.011","volume":"26","author":"AJ Skalsky","year":"2015","unstructured":"Skalsky AJ, Fournier CM (2015) Intrathecal baclofen bolus dosing and catheter tip placement in pediatric tone management. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 26(1):89\u201393. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.09.011","journal-title":"Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"4341_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.8.PEDS11475","volume":"10","author":"A Ammar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ammar A, Ughratdar I, Sivakumar G, Vloeberghs MH (2012) Intrathecal baclofen therapy--how we do it. J Neurosurg Pediatr 10(5):439\u2013444","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"4341_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.11","volume":"13","author":"F Motta","year":"2014","unstructured":"Motta F, Antonello CE (2014) Analysis of complications in 430 consecutive pediatric patients treated with intrathecal baclofen therapy: 14-year experience. J Neurosurg Pediatr 13(3):301\u2013306. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2013.11","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"4341_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-014-2591-4","volume":"31","author":"CM Berman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Berman CM, Eppinger MA, Mazzola CA (2015) Understanding the reasons for delayed referral for intrathecal baclofen therapy in pediatric patients with severe spasticity. Childs Nerv Syst 31(3):405\u2013413","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"2","key":"4341_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.14005","volume":"61","author":"AI Buizer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Buizer AI, Martens BHM, Grandbois van Ravenhorst C, Schoonmade LJ, Becher JG, Vermeulen RJ (2019) Effect of continuous intrathecal baclofen therapy in children: a systematic review. Dev Med Child Neurol 61(2):128\u2013134. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dmcn.14005","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4341_CR13","first-page":"753","volume":"49","author":"BH Kopell","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kopell BH, Sala D, Doyle WK, Feldman DS, Wisoff JH, Weiner HL (2001) Subfascial implantation of intrathecal baclofen pumps in children: technical note. Neurosurgery. 49(3):753\u2013756 discussion 756-7","journal-title":"Neurosurgery."},{"issue":"3","key":"4341_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1111\/1744-1633.12308","volume":"22","author":"DY Chan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chan DY, Chan SS, Chan EK, Ng AY, Ying AC, Li AC, Chiu CC, Cheung N, Mak WK, Sun DT, Zhu CX, Poon WS (2018) Blessing or burden? Long-term maintenance, complications and clinical outcome of intrathecal baclofen pumps. Surg Pract 22(3):105\u2013110. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1744-1633.12308","journal-title":"Surg Pract"},{"issue":"6","key":"4341_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12467","volume":"19","author":"M Saulino","year":"2016","unstructured":"Saulino M, Anderson DJ, Doble J, Farid R, Gul F, Konrad P, Boster AL (2016) Best practices for intrathecal baclofen therapy: troubleshooting. Neuromodulation 19(6):632\u2013641. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ner.12467","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"4341_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.6.PEDS0921","volume":"4","author":"AB Fjelstad","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fjelstad AB, Hommelstad J, Sorteberg A (2009) Infections related to intrathecal baclofen therapy in children and adults: frequency and risk factors. J Neurosurg Pediatr 4(5):487\u2013493. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2009.6.PEDS0921","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"issue":"10","key":"4341_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2014.04.007","volume":"21","author":"GM Ghobrial","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ghobrial GM, Thakkar V, Singhal S, Oppenlander ME, Maulucci CM, Harrop JS, Jallo J, Prasad S, Saulino M, Sharan AD (2014) Efficacy of intraoperative vancomycin powder use in intrathecal baclofen pump implantation procedures: single institutional series in a high risk population. J Clin Neurosci 21(10):1786\u20131789. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocn.2014.04.007","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"4341_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1177\/088307380001500201","volume":"15","author":"R Gilmartin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gilmartin R, Bruce D, Storrs BB, Abbott R, Krach L, Ward J, Bloom K, Brooks WH, Johnson DL, Madsen JR, McLaughlin JF, Nadell J (2000) Intrathecal baclofen for management of spastic cerebral palsy: multicenter trial. J Child Neurol 15(2):71\u201377","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4341_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00965","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.965","volume":"8","author":"E Pucks-Faes","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pucks-Faes E, Hitzenberger G, Matzak H, Fava E, Verrienti G, Laimer I, Fritz J, Saltuari L (2018) Eleven years\u2019 experience with Intrathecal Baclofen - complications, risk factors. Brain Behav 8(5):e00965. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/brb3.965","journal-title":"Brain Behav"}],"container-title":["Child's Nervous System"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00381-019-04341-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00381-019-04341-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00381-019-04341-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,7]],"date-time":"2020-08-07T23:19:17Z","timestamp":1596842357000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00381-019-04341-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,9]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["4341"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00381-019-04341-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0256-7040","1433-0350"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0256-7040","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-0350","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 April 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 August 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 August 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}