{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T07:21:08Z","timestamp":1790839268750,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,10]],"date-time":"2020-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594339200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,10]],"date-time":"2020-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004769","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Pavia","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Childs Nerv Syst"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Pai syndrome is a rare idiopathic developmental condition characterized by midline craniofacial abnormalities. It was originally described as the presence of a median cleft lip, cutaneous polyps of the nasal mucosa and face, and midline lipomas of the central nervous system, mostly at the corpus callosum. However, there is great phenotypical variability and these characteristics are rarely all present at once.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The aim of this review was to analyze the available evidence regarding Pai syndrome in order to better delineate this rare condition and its features.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We analyzed the PubMed database using the words \u201cPai syndrome\u201d, \u201cfrontonasal dysplasia\u201d, \u201ccleft lip\u201d, \u201cnasal polyp\u201d, \u201cfacial polyp\u201d, and \u201ccorpus callosum lipoma\u201d, including reviews, case reports and case series.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>There is no consensus regarding the diagnostic criteria of Pai syndrome up to date. It is usually diagnosed at birth, and its incidence is often underestimated. At present, the etiology of Pai syndrome is unknown. Several hypotheses regarding its genetic background have been made; however, there are not enough data yet to elucidate this point. An improved awareness could help in diagnosing the condition and performing the necessary investigations. These patients should have a multidisciplinary follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-020-04788-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,10]],"date-time":"2020-07-10T07:03:41Z","timestamp":1594364621000},"page":"2635-2640","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Pai syndrome: a review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9363-455X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Olivero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0961-428X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Foiadelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1381-8528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabino","family":"Luzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3662-0159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gian Luigi","family":"Marseglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9238-0749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvatore","family":"Savasta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"4788_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2008.06.007","volume":"37","author":"F Vaccarella","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vaccarella F, Pini Prato A, Fasciolo A, Pisano M, Carlini C, Seymndi PL (2008) Phenotypic variability of Pai syndrome: report of two patients and review of the literature. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 37:1059\u20131064","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"4788_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320260421","volume":"26","author":"GS Pai","year":"1987","unstructured":"Pai GS, Levkoff AH, Leithiser RE Jr (1987) Median cleft of the upper lip associated with lipomas of the central nervous system and cutaneous polyps. Am J Med Genet 26:921\u2013924","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"4788_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2018.08.010","volume":"48","author":"A Morice","year":"2019","unstructured":"Morice A, Galliani E, Amiel J, Rachwalski M, Neiva C, Thauvin-Robinet C, Vazquez MP, Picard A, Kadlub N (2019) Diagnostic criteria in Pai syndrome: results of a case series and a literature review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 48:283\u2013290","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"4788_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20392","volume":"79","author":"M Castori","year":"2007","unstructured":"Castori M, Rinaldi R, Bianchi A, Caponetti A, Assumma M, Grammatico P (2007) Pai syndrome: first patient with agenesis of the corpus callosum and literature review. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 79:673\u2013679","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol"},{"issue":"2899","key":"4788_CR5","first-page":"904","volume":"158A","author":"D Lederer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lederer D, Wilson B, Lefesvre P, Poorten VV, Kirkham N, Mitra D, Verellen-Dumoulin C, Devriendt K (2012) Atypical findings in three patients with Pai syndrome and literature review. Am J Med Genet 158A(2899):904","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"4788_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.34.11.952","volume":"34","author":"M Masuno","year":"1997","unstructured":"Masuno M, Imaizumi K, Fukushima Y (1997) Median cleft of the upper lip and pedunculated skin masses associated with de novo reciprocal translocation 46, X t(X;16) (q28; q11.2). J Med Genet 34:952\u2013954","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"4788_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-008-0613-9","volume":"24","author":"S Savasta","year":"2008","unstructured":"Savasta S, Chiapedi S, Perrini S, Tognato E, Corsano L, Chiara A (2008) Pai syndrome: a further report of a case with bifid nose, lipoma and agenesis of the corpus callosum. Childs Nerv Syst 24:773\u2013776","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"4788_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.31.6.497","volume":"31","author":"S Rudnik-Schoneborn","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rudnik-Schoneborn S, Zerres K (1994) A further patient with Pai syndrome with autosomal dominant inheritance? J Med Genet 31:497\u2013498","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"4788_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mcd.0000204987.61990.f0","volume":"15","author":"MM Lees","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lees MM, Connely F, Kangesu L, Sommerlad B, Barnicoat A (2006) Midline cleft lip and nasal dermoids over five generations: a distinct entity or autosomal dominant Pai syndrome? Clin Dysmorphol 15:155\u2013159","journal-title":"Clin Dysmorphol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4788_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_2003_040_0325_psaapw_2.0.co_2","volume":"40","author":"YK Coban","year":"2003","unstructured":"Coban YK, Boran C, Omeroglu SA, Okur E (2003) Pai syndrome: an adult patient with bifid nose and frontal hairline marker. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 40(3):325\u2013328","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J"},{"key":"4788_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2005.01.038","volume":"69","author":"C Szeto","year":"2005","unstructured":"Szeto C, Tewfik TL, Jewer D, Rideout A (2005) Pai syndrome (median cleft palate, cutaneous nasal polyp, and midline lipoma of the corpus callosum): a case report and literature review. Int J Pediatr Othorhinolaryngol 69:1247\u20131252","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Othorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"4788_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1159\/000450533","volume":"7","author":"PG Farlie","year":"2016","unstructured":"Farlie PG, Baker NL, Patrick Y, Tiong YT (2016) Frontonasal dysplasia: towards an understanding of molecular and developmental aetiology. Mol Syndromol 7:312\u2013321","journal-title":"Mol Syndromol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4788_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2018.07.006","volume":"45","author":"ML Worley","year":"2018","unstructured":"Worley ML, Patel KG, Kilpatrick LA (2018) Cleft Lip and Palate. Clin Perinatol 45(4):661\u2013678","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4788_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5876(01)00555-9","volume":"61","author":"KA Al-Mazrou","year":"2001","unstructured":"Al-Mazrou KA, Al-Rekabi A, Alorainy IA, Al-Kharfi T, Al-Serhani AM (2001) Pai syndrome: a report of a case and review of the literature. Int J Pediatr Othorhinolaryngol 61(2):149\u2013153","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Othorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"4788_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02818","volume":"5","author":"S Luzzi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Luzzi S, Crovace AM, Del Maestro M, Giotta Lucifero A, Elbabaa SK, Cinque B, Palumbo P, Lombardi F, Cimini A, Cifone MG, Crovace A, Galzio R (2019) The cell-based approach in neurosurgery: ongoing trends and future perspectives. Heliyon 5:e02818","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"4788_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.4103\/sni.sni_369_17","volume":"9","author":"S Luzzi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Luzzi S, Crovace AM, Lacitignola L, Valentini V, Francioso E, Rossi G, Invernici G, Galzio RJ, Crovace A (2018) Engraftment, neuroglial transdifferentiation and behavioral recovery after complete spinal cord transection in rats. Surg Neurol Int 9:19","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int"},{"key":"4788_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.32717","volume":"149A","author":"ML Guion-Almeida","year":"2009","unstructured":"Guion-Almeida ML, Richieri Costa A (2009) Frontonasal dysplasia, severe neuropsychological delay and midline central nervous system anomalies: report of 10 Brazilian male patients. Am J Med Genet A 149A:1006\u20131011","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet A"},{"key":"4788_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2017170064","volume":"37","author":"DP Rodriguez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rodriguez DP, Orscheln ES, Koch BL (2017) Masses of the nose, nasal cavity, and n in children. Radiographics 37:1704\u20131730","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"4788_CR19","volume-title":"Osborn's brain","author":"AGOGHKL Salzman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Salzman AGOGHKL (2017) Osborn's brain, 2nd edn. Elsevier, Amsterdam","edition":"2"},{"key":"4788_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuchi.2015.03.011","volume":"61","author":"A Kabr\u00e9","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kabr\u00e9 A, Zabsonre DS, Sanou A, Bako Y (2015) The cephaloceles: a clinical, epidemiological and therapeutic study of 50 cases. Neurochirurgie 61:250\u2013254","journal-title":"Neurochirurgie"},{"key":"4788_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.04.056","volume":"127","author":"S Luzzi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Luzzi S, Elia A, Del Maestro M, Elbabaa SK, Carnevale S, Guerrini F, Caulo M, Morbini P, Galzio R (2019) Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors: what you need to know. World Neurosurg 127:255\u2013265","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"4788_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yadav A, Kumar J (2018, 2018) Pericallosal lipoma in children: a rare case. BMJ Case Rep 2018 Mar 1;2018:bcr2017223989","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2018-227770"},{"key":"4788_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-014-2966-4","volume":"44","author":"M Blouet","year":"2014","unstructured":"Blouet M, Belloy F, Jeanne-Pasquier C, Leporrier N, Benoist G (2014) Pai syndrome: challenging prenatal diagnosis and management. Pediatr Radiol 44:1184\u20131187","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4788_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12902","volume":"137","author":"S Matricardi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Matricardi S, Darra F, Spalice A, Basti C, Fontana E, Dalla Bernardina B, Elia M, Giordano L, Accorsi P, Cusmai R, De Liso P, Romeo A, Ragona F, Granata T, Concolino D, Carotenuto M, Pavone P, Pruna D, Striano P, Savasta S, Verrotti A (2018) Electroclinical findings and long-term outcomes in epileptic patients with inv dup (15). Acta Neurol Scand 137(6):575\u2013581","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"issue":"9","key":"4788_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1038\/gim.2017.221","volume":"20","author":"I Ivanovski","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ivanovski I, Djuric O, Caraffi SG, Santodirocco D, Pollazzon M, Rosato S, Cordelli DM, Abdalla E, Accorsi P, Adam MP, Ajmone PF, Badura-Stronka M, Baldo C, Baldi M, Bayat A, Bigoni S, Bonvicini F, Breckpot J, Callewaert B, Cocchi G, Cuturilo A, De Brasi D, Devriendt K, Dinulos MB, Hjortsh\u00f8j TD, Epifanio R, Faravelli F, Fiumara A, Formisano D, Giordano L, Grasso M, Gr\u00f8nborg S, Iodice A, Iughetti L, Kuburovic V, Kutkowska-Kazmierczak A, Lacombe D, Lo Rizzo C, Luchetti A, Malbora B, Mammi I, Mari F, Montorsi G, Moutton S, M\u00f8ller RS, Muschke P, Nielsen JEK, Obersztyn E, Pantaleoni C, Pellicciari A, Pisanti MA, Prpic I, Poch-Olive ML, Raviglione F, Renieri A, Ricci E, Rivieri F, Santen GW, Savasta S, Scarano G, Schanze I, Selicorni A, Silengo M, Smigiel R, Spaccini L, Sorge G, Szczaluba K, Tarani L, Tone LG, Toutain A, Trimouille A, Valera ET, Vergano SS, Zanotta N, Zenker M, Conidi A, Zollino M, Rauch A, Zweier C, Garavelli L (2018) Phenotype and genotype of 87 patients with Mowat-Wilson syndrome and recommendations for care. Genet Med 20(9):965\u2013975","journal-title":"Genet Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4788_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-014-7542-1","volume":"262","author":"A Verrotti","year":"2015","unstructured":"Verrotti A, Cusmai R, Laino D, Carotenuto M, Esposito M, Falsaperla R, Margari L, Rizzo R, Savasta S, Grosso S, Striano P, Belcastro V, Franzoni E, Curatolo P, Giordano L, Freri E, Matricardi S, Pruna D, Toldo I, Tozzi E, Lobefalo L, Operto F, Altobelli E, Chiarelli F, Spalice A (2015) Long-term outcome of epilepsy in patients with Prader-Willi syndrome. J Neurol 262(1):116\u2013123","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"4788_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00491930","volume":"144","author":"I Pascual-Castroviejo","year":"1985","unstructured":"Pascual-Castroviejo I, Pascual-Pascual SI, Perez Higueras A (1985) Fronto-nasal dysplasia and lipoma of the corpus callosum. Eur J Pediatr 144:66\u201371","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"4788_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.6150","volume":"32","author":"A Chousta","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chousta A, Ville D, James I, Foray P, Bisch C, Depardon P, Rudigoz RC, Guibaud L (2008) Pericallosal lipoma associated with Pai syndrome: prenatal imaging findings. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 32(5):708\u2013710","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4788_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199901000-00026","volume":"103","author":"K Mishima","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mishima K, Mori Y, Minami K, Sakuda M, Sugahara T (1999) A case of Pai syndrome. Plast Reconstr Surg 103(1):166\u2013170","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"24","key":"4788_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3273","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.31962","volume":"143A","author":"ML Guion-Almeida","year":"2007","unstructured":"Guion-Almeida ML, Mellado C, Beltr\u00e1n C, Richieri-Costa A (2007) Pai syndrome: report of seven south American patients. Am J Med Genet A 143A(24):3273\u20133279","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet A"},{"key":"4788_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1080\/13816810.2017.1381979","volume":"39","author":"E Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li E, Galvin JA (2018) Ophtalmic abnormalities of Pai syndrome: a case report and review of literature. Ophtalmic Genet 39:282\u2013285","journal-title":"Ophtalmic Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"4788_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmg.2017.01.008","volume":"60","author":"P Tormey","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tormey P, Bilic Cace I, Boyle MA (2017) Ocular dermoid in Pai syndrome: a review. Eur J Med Genet 60(4):217\u2013219","journal-title":"Eur J Med Genet"},{"issue":"2","key":"4788_CR33","first-page":"e336","volume":"116","author":"V Huckstadt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Huckstadt V, Heis Mendoza ME, Moresco A, Obregon MG (2018) Pai syndrome: two new cases with unusual manifestations. Arch Argent Pediatr 116(2):e336\u2013e340","journal-title":"Arch Argent Pediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"4788_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e100","DOI":"10.5546\/aap.2011.e100","volume":"109","author":"A Zanetta","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zanetta A, Cuestas G, Oviedo M, Tiscorni C (2011) Unilateral nasal obstruction in children: Pai syndrome. Arch Argent Pediatr 109(5):e100\u2013e103","journal-title":"Arch Argent Pediatr"},{"key":"4788_CR35","first-page":"1","volume":"24","author":"Z Ocak","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ocak Z, Yazicioglu HF, Aygun M, Ilter MK, Ozlu T (2013) Prenatal detection of Pai syndrome without cleft lip and palate: a case report. Genet Couns 24:1\u20135","journal-title":"Genet Couns"},{"issue":"4","key":"4788_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.31254\/jmr.2016.2403","volume":"2","author":"VG Ferreira Moreno","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ferreira Moreno VG, Sosa Fundora I, Dom\u00ednguez Boffill S, Vidal Tallet LA, Orea Cordero I, Alonso G\u00e1lvez C (2016) Pai syndrome without cleft lip. A variation in the expression of the syndrome: a case report. J Med Res 2(4):91\u201393","journal-title":"J Med Res"},{"key":"4788_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Melloni-Magnelli LF, de la Garza-Giacom\u00e1n R, Mart\u00ednez-Leija H, Guzm\u00e1n-Rodr\u00edguez R (2015) Primer caso cli\u0301nico de Si\u0301ndrome de Pai en Me\u0301xico. Cirug\u00eda Pl\u00e1stica Ibero-Latinoamericana 41:183\u2013189","DOI":"10.4321\/S0376-78922015000200010"},{"key":"4788_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdelmaaboud M, Nimeri N (2012) Pai syndrome: first reported case in Qatar and review of literature of previously published cases. BMJ Case Rep. 2012 Aug 21;2012:bcr0220125940","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-02-2012-5940"},{"issue":"6","key":"4788_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-014-3205-8","volume":"45","author":"T Dobrocky","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dobrocky T, Ebner L, Liniger B, Weisstanner C, Stranzinger E (2015) Pre- and postnatal imaging of Pai syndrome with spontaneous intrauterine closure of a frontal cephalocele. Pediatr Radiol 45(6):936\u2013940","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4788_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2018.07.011","volume":"22","author":"S Shinar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shinar S, Lerman-Sagie T, Telleria ME, Vi\u00f1als F, Garc\u00eda R, Quiroga H, Bermejo C, Ben-Sira L, Leibovitz Z, Har-Toov J, Malinger G (2018) Fetal pericallosal lipomas\u2014clues to diagnosis in the second trimester. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 22(6):929\u2013934","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"},{"key":"4788_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.105623","volume":"189","author":"MM Arnaout","year":"2020","unstructured":"Arnaout MM, Luzzi S, Galzio R, Aziz K (2020) Supraorbital keyhole approach: pure endoscopic and endoscope-assisted perspective. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 189:105623","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"4788_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-73739-3_3","volume":"129","author":"M Gallieni","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gallieni M, Del Maestro M, Luzzi S, Trovarelli D, Ricci A, Galzio R (2018) Endoscope-assisted microneurosurgery for intracranial aneurysms: operative technique, reliability, and feasibility based on 14 years of personal experience. Acta Neurochir Suppl 129:19\u201324","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl"},{"key":"4788_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-73739-3_4","volume":"129","author":"S Luzzi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Luzzi S, Gallieni M, Del Maestro M, Trovarelli D, Ricci A, Galzio R (2018) Giant and very large intracranial aneurysms: surgical strategies and special issues. Acta Neurochir Suppl 129:25\u201331","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl"},{"key":"4788_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.09.006","volume":"132","author":"S Luzzi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Luzzi S, Giotta Lucifero A, Del Maestro M, Marfia G, Navone SE, Baldoncini M, Nunez M, Campero A, Elbabaa SK, Galzio R (2019) Anterolateral approach for retrostyloid superior parapharyngeal space Schwannomas involving the jugular foramen area: a 20-year experience. World Neurosurg 132:e40\u2013e52","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"4788_CR45","first-page":"875","volume":"29","author":"S Luzzi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Luzzi S, Maestro MD, Elia A, Vincitorio F, Perna GD, Zenga F, Garbossa D, Elbabaa SK, Galzio R (2019) Morphometric and radiomorphometric study of the correlation between the foramen magnum region and the anterior and posterolateral approaches to ventral intradural lesions. Turk Neurosurg 29:875\u2013886","journal-title":"Turk Neurosurg"},{"key":"4788_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.07.152","volume":"131","author":"S Luzzi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Luzzi S, Zoia C, Rampini AD, Elia A, Del Maestro M, Carnevale S, Morbini P, Galzio R (2019) Lateral Transorbital Neuroendoscopic approach for Intraconal meningioma of the orbital apex: technical nuances and literature review. World Neurosurg 131:10\u201317","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"4788_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.25259\/SNI-132-2019","volume":"10","author":"C Zoia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zoia C, Bongetta D, Dorelli G, Luzzi S, Maestro MD, Galzio RJ (2019) Transnasal endoscopic removal of a retrochiasmatic cavernoma: a case report and review of literature. Surg Neurol Int 10:76","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int"},{"key":"4788_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-199903000-00009","volume":"10","author":"E Song\u00fcr","year":"1999","unstructured":"Song\u00fcr E, Mutluer S, G\u00fcrler T, Bilkay U, G\u00f6rken C, G\u00fcner U, Celik N (1999) Management of frontoethmoidal (sincipital) encephalocele. J Craniofac Surg 10:135\u2013139","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"4788_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489.2015.1133930","volume":"136","author":"X Wu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wu X, Zhang J, Zhang H, Xie Z, Fan R, Liu Y, Wu B, Sun H, Jiang W (2016) Endoscopic surgery for congenital basal meningoencephaloceles in children. Acta Otolaryngol 136:613\u2013619","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"4788_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1159\/000369935","volume":"50","author":"DS Zabsonre","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zabsonre DS, Kabre A, Haro Y (2015) Frontoethmoidal cephalocele: our experience of eleven cases managed surgically. Pediatr Neurosurg 50:7\u201311","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg"},{"key":"4788_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.30.2.132","volume":"40","author":"H Gastaut","year":"1980","unstructured":"Gastaut H, Regis H, Gastaut JL (1980) Lipomas of the corpus callosum and epilepsy. Neurology 40:132\u2013138","journal-title":"Neurology"}],"container-title":["Child's Nervous System"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00381-020-04788-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00381-020-04788-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00381-020-04788-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,20]],"date-time":"2022-04-20T05:13:59Z","timestamp":1650431639000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00381-020-04788-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,10]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["4788"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00381-020-04788-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0256-7040","1433-0350"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0256-7040","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-0350","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 January 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 June 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 July 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}