{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T08:26:45Z","timestamp":1773995205717,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]],"date-time":"2020-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600128000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]],"date-time":"2020-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Childs Nerv Syst"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-020-04870-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]],"date-time":"2020-09-15T23:04:46Z","timestamp":1600211086000},"page":"919-929","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Skull fractures in abusive head trauma: a single centre experience and review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Jai","family":"Sidpra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noor ul Owase","family":"Jeelani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juling","family":"Ong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Birch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5979-9337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kshitij","family":"Mankad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"4870_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-018-4149-1","volume":"48","author":"A Kumar Choudhary","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kumar Choudhary A, Servaes S, Slovis TL et al (2018) Consensus statement on abusive head trauma in infants and young children. Pediatr Radiol 48:1048\u20131065. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00247-018-4149-1","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"4870_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S548","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-014-3169-8","volume":"44","author":"MP Chevignard","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chevignard MP, Lind K (2014) Long-term outcome of abusive head trauma. Pediatr Radiol 44:S548\u2013S558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00247-014-3169-8","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"4870_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.7.621","volume":"281","author":"C Jenny","year":"1999","unstructured":"Jenny C, Hymel LCKP, Ritzen A et al (1999) Analysis of missed cases of abusive head trauma. JAMA 281:621\u2013626. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.281.7.621","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"4870_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.3.602","volume":"111","author":"J Hettler","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hettler J, Greenes DS (2003) Can the initial history predict whether a child with a head injury has been abused? Pediatrics 111:602\u2013607. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.111.3.602","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"4870_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sidpra J, Abomeli D, Hameed B, Baker J, Mankad K (2020) Rise in the incidence of abusive head trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic. Arch Dis Child. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/archdischild-2020-319872, archdischild-2020-319872","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2020-319872"},{"key":"4870_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2016.11.015","volume":"72","author":"M Paddock","year":"2017","unstructured":"Paddock M, Sprigg A, Offiah AC (2017) Imaging and reporting considerations for suspected physical abuse (non-accidental injury) in infants and young children. Part 2: axial skeleton and differential diagnoses. Clin Radiol 72:189\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crad.2016.11.015","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"4870_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2018.11.006","volume":"23","author":"K Mankad","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mankad K, Chhabda S, Lim W, Oztekin O, Reddy N, Chong WK, Shroff M (2019) The neuroimaging mimics of abusive head trauma. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 23:19\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejpn.2018.11.006","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"},{"key":"4870_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2015140177","volume":"35","author":"S Idriz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Idriz S, Patel JH, Renani SA et al (2015) CT of normal developmental and variant anatomy of the pediatric skull: distinguishing trauma from normality 1. RadioGraphics 35:1585\u20131601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/rg.2015140177","journal-title":"RadioGraphics"},{"key":"4870_CR9","unstructured":"Society and College of Radiographers and The Royal College of Radiologists (2018) The radiological investigation of suspected physical abuse in children. https:\/\/www.rcr.ac.uk\/system\/files\/publication\/field_publication_files\/bfcr174_suspected_physical_abuse.pdf. Accessed 8 Dec 2019"},{"key":"4870_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-0356","volume":"135","author":"CW Christian","year":"2015","unstructured":"Christian CW, Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect (2015) Guidance for the clinician in rendering pediatric care the evaluation of suspected child physical abuse. Pediatrics 135:1337\u20131354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2015-0356","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"4870_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.12532","volume":"59","author":"JM Wiersema","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wiersema JM, Love JC, Derrick SM, Pinto DC, Donaruma-Kwoh M, Greeley CS (2014) Standardized descriptive method for the anthropological evaluation of pediatric skull fractures. J Forensic Sci 59:1487\u20131492. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1556-4029.12532","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"4870_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-007-0216-2","volume":"29","author":"SR Nayak","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nayak SR, Krishnamurthy A, Madhan Kumar SJ, Prabhu LV, Jiji PJ, Pai MM, Kumar A, Avadhani R (2007) The mendosal suture of the occipital bone: occurrence in Indian population, embryology and clinical significance. Surg Radiol Anat 29:329\u2013332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00276-007-0216-2","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"key":"4870_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1994.13.4.251","volume":"13","author":"MD Patel","year":"1994","unstructured":"Patel MD, Swinford AE, Filly RA (1994) Anatomic and sonographic features of the fetal skull. J Ultrasound Med 13:251\u2013257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7863\/jum.1994.13.4.251","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"4870_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1159\/issn.1016-2291","volume":"10","author":"YS Hahn","year":"1983","unstructured":"Hahn YS, Raimondi AJ, Mclone DG, Yamanouchi Y (1983) Traumatic mechanisms of head injury in child abuse. Childs Brain 10:229\u2013241. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/issn.1016-2291","journal-title":"Childs Brain"},{"key":"4870_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01601874","volume":"14","author":"DF Merten","year":"1984","unstructured":"Merten DF, Osborne DRS, Radkowski MA, Leonidas JC (1984) Pediatric radiology craniocerebral trauma in the child abuse syndrome: radiological observations. Pediatr Radiol 14:272\u2013277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01601874","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"4870_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2014-306960","volume":"100","author":"P Kelly","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kelly P, John S, Vincent AL (2015) Abusive head trauma and accidental head injury: a 20-year comparative study of referrals to a hospital child protection team. Arch Dis Child 100:1123\u20131130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/archdischild-2014-306960","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"4870_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-016-3707-7","volume":"47","author":"PA Culotta","year":"2017","unstructured":"Culotta PA, Crowe JE, Tran Q-A, Jones JY, Mehollin-Ray AR, Tran HB, Donaruma-Kwoh M, Dodge CT, Camp EA, Cruz AT (2017) Performance of computed tomography of the head to evaluate for skull fractures in infants with suspected non-accidental trauma. Pediatr Radiol 47:74\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00247-016-3707-7","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"4870_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.59.3.246","volume":"59","author":"CJ Hobbs","year":"1984","unstructured":"Hobbs CJ (1984) Skull fracture and the diagnosis of abuse. Arch Dis Child 59:246\u2013252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/adc.59.3.246","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"4870_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.146.1.97","volume":"146","author":"RA Cohen","year":"1986","unstructured":"Cohen RA, Kaufman RA, Myers PA, Towbin RB (1986) Cranial computed tomography in the abused child with head injury. AJR 146:97\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2214\/ajr.146.1.97","journal-title":"AJR"},{"key":"4870_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/0736-4679(85)90345-2","volume":"75","author":"ME Billmire","year":"1985","unstructured":"Billmire ME, Myers PA (1985) Serious head injury in infants: accident or abuse? Pediatrics 75:340\u2013342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0736-4679(85)90345-2","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"4870_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.293.6539.100","volume":"293","author":"P Worlock","year":"1986","unstructured":"Worlock P, Stower M, Barbor P (1986) Patterns of fractures in accidental and non-accidental injury in children: a comparative study. Br Med J Vol 293:100\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.293.6539.100","journal-title":"Br Med J Vol"},{"key":"4870_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.149.1.173","volume":"149","author":"CJ Meservy","year":"1987","unstructured":"Meservy CJ, Towbin R, Patricia RL et al (1987) Radiographic characteristics of skull fractures resulting from child abuse. AJR 149:173\u2013175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2214\/ajr.149.1.173","journal-title":"AJR"},{"key":"4870_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199112000-00007","volume":"5","author":"RT Loder","year":"1991","unstructured":"Loder RT, Bookout C (1991) Fracture patterns in battered children. J Orthop Trauma 5:428\u2013433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005131-199112000-00007","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"4870_CR24","first-page":"11","volume":"154","author":"R Reece","year":"2000","unstructured":"Reece R, Sege R (2000) Childhood head injuries: accidental or inflicted? Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 154:11\u201315","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"4870_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e318270d82e","volume":"74","author":"SM John","year":"2013","unstructured":"John SM, Kelly P, Vincent A (2013) Patterns of structural head injury in children younger than 3 years. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 74:276\u2013281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/TA.0b013e318270d82e","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"4870_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.3.636","volume":"108","author":"KW Feldman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Feldman KW, Bethel R, Shugerman RP, Grossman DC, Grady MS, Ellenbogen RG (2001) The cause of infant and toddler subdural hemorrhage: a prospective study. Pediatrics 108:636\u2013646. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.108.3.636","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"4870_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2013.192","volume":"27","author":"Watts P, The Child Maltreatment Guideline Working Party of, The Royal College of Ophthalmologists UK","year":"2013","unstructured":"Watts P, The Child Maltreatment Guideline Working Party of, The Royal College of Ophthalmologists UK (2013) Abusive head trauma and the eye in infancy. Eye 27:1227\u20131229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/eye.2013.192","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"4870_CR28","unstructured":"RCPCH (2019) Child Protection Evidence Systematic review on Head and Spinal Injuries. London"},{"key":"4870_CR29","unstructured":"Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (2015) Child protection evidence systematic review on retinal findings. London"},{"key":"4870_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2014-306803","volume":"101","author":"J Hughes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hughes J, Maguire S, Jones M (2016) Biomechanical characteristics of head injuries from falls in children younger than 48 months. Arch Dis Child 101:310\u2013315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/archdischild-2014-306803","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"4870_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S1042-3680(01)00009-2","volume":"13","author":"MS Dias","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dias MS (2002) Inflicted head injury: future directions and prevention. Neurosurg Clin N Am 13:247\u2013257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1042-3680(01)00009-2","journal-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am"},{"key":"4870_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200009000-00015","volume":"49","author":"R Benoit","year":"2000","unstructured":"Benoit R, Watts DD, Dwyer K, Kaufmann C, Fakhry S (2000) Windows 99: a source of suburban pediatric trauma. J Trauma Inj Infect Crit Care 49:477\u2013482. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005373-200009000-00015","journal-title":"J Trauma Inj Infect Crit Care"},{"key":"4870_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-200103000-00001","volume":"22","author":"J Plunkett","year":"2001","unstructured":"Plunkett J (2001) Fatal pediatric head injuries caused by short-distance falls. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 22:1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00000433-200103000-00001","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"key":"4870_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-009-1047-8","volume":"26","author":"M Vinchon","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vinchon M, Desurmont M, Soto-Ares G, De Foort-Dhellemmes S (2010) Natural history of traumatic meningeal bleeding in infants: semiquantitative analysis of serial CT scans in corroborated cases. Child\u2019s Nerv Syst 26:755\u2013762. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00381-009-1047-8","journal-title":"Child\u2019s Nerv Syst"},{"key":"4870_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2011.01969.x","volume":"57","author":"BJ Powell","year":"2012","unstructured":"Powell BJ, Passalacqua NV, Baumer TG, Fenton TW, Haut RC (2012) Fracture patterns on the infant porcine skull following severe blunt impact*. J Forensic Sci 57:312\u2013317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2011.01969.x","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"4870_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1080\/02688697.2018.1529295","volume":"33","author":"S Fitzpatrick","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fitzpatrick S, Leach P (2018) Neurosurgical aspects of abusive head trauma management in children: a review for the training neurosurgeon. Br J Neurosurg 33:47\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02688697.2018.1529295","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"key":"4870_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-014-3099-5","volume":"44","author":"I Barber","year":"2014","unstructured":"Barber I, Kleinman PK (2014) Imaging of skeletal injuries associated with abusive head trauma. Pediatr Radiol 44:613\u2013620. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00247-014-3099-5","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"4870_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"George CL, Harper NS, Guillaume D, et al (2016) Vascular channel mimicking a skull fracture. J Pediatr 181:326-326.e1. 10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.10.070","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.10.070"},{"key":"4870_CR39","first-page":"184","volume":"16","author":"K Hui","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hui K, Lam W, Chau MT (2011) Why does the fracture not heal? Vascular Channel Mimicking Skull Fracture. 16:184\u2013187","journal-title":"Vascular Channel Mimicking Skull Fracture."},{"key":"4870_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2004.09.003","volume":"54","author":"S Koesling","year":"2005","unstructured":"Koesling S, Kunkel P, Schul T (2005) Vascular anomalies, sutures and small canals of the temporal bone on axial CT. Eur J Radiol 54:335\u2013343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrad.2004.09.003","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"4870_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-010-0633-5","volume":"32","author":"AK Choudhary","year":"2010","unstructured":"Choudhary AK, Jha B, Boal DK, Dias M (2010) Occipital sutures and its variations: the value of 3D-CT and how to differentiate it from fractures using 3D-CT? Surg Radiol Anat 32:807\u2013816. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00276-010-0633-5","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"key":"4870_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2016.03.010","volume":"40","author":"MJ Eklund","year":"2016","unstructured":"Eklund MJ, Carver KC, Stalcup ST, Riemer EC, Taylor MA, Hill JG (2016) Atypical accessory intraparietal sutures mimicking complex fractures in a neonate. Clin Imaging 40:806\u2013809. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinimag.2016.03.010","journal-title":"Clin Imaging"},{"key":"4870_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/s10140-010-0877-8","volume":"17","author":"T Sanchez","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sanchez T, Stewart D, Walvick M, Swischuk L (2010) Skull fracture vs. accessory sutures: how can we tell the difference? Emerg Radiol 17:413\u2013418. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10140-010-0877-8","journal-title":"Emerg Radiol"},{"key":"4870_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Naldemir IF, Guclu D, Alt\u0131nsoy HB, Canga HB, Onbas O. Accessory occipital suture mimicking fracture in head trauma. 2017 [cited 2019 Dec 8]; Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2017.12.046, 36, 530.e7, 530.e8.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2017.12.046"},{"key":"4870_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-017-3377-2","volume":"33","author":"D Varthalitis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Varthalitis D, Parks C (2017) Midline occipital suture: a rare finding. Child\u2019s Nerv Syst. 33:733\u2013734","journal-title":"Child\u2019s Nerv Syst."},{"key":"4870_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"del Villar Guerra P, Manso Ruiz de la Cuesta R, Bartolom\u00e9 Cano M, Bartolom\u00e9 Albistegui MJ, Barbadillo Izquierdo F. Intraparietal suture: a normality variable rarely described. Vol. 38, Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy. Springer-Verlag France; 2016. p. 387\u2013388.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-015-1563-z"},{"key":"4870_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wiedijk JEF, Soerdjbalie-Maikoe V, Maat GJR, Maes A, Van Rijn RR, De Boer HH. An accessory skull suture mimicking a skull fracture. Forensic Sci Int Sci Int [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2020 Jan 8];260:e11\u20133. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2016.01.025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2016.01.025"},{"key":"4870_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Currarino G. Normal variants and congenital abnormalities in the region of the obelion. AJR [Internet]. 1976 [cited 2020 Jan 8];127(3):487\u201394. Available from: https:\/\/www-ajronline-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk\/doi\/pdf\/10.2214\/ajr.127.3.487","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.127.3.487"},{"key":"4870_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mporth.2011.01.008","volume":"25","author":"JK Kraft","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kraft JK (2011) (iv) Imaging of non-accidental injury. Orthop Trauma 25:109\u2013118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mporth.2011.01.008","journal-title":"Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"4870_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.7.PEDS18394","volume":"24","author":"A-C Duhaime","year":"2019","unstructured":"Duhaime A-C, Christian CW (2019) Abusive head trauma: evidence, obfuscation, and informed management. J Neurosurg Pediatr 24:481\u2013488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2019.7.PEDS18394","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"key":"4870_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1159\/000050403","volume":"35","author":"J Pollina","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pollina J, Dias MS, Li V, Kachurek D, Arbesman M (2001) Cranial birth injuries in term newborn infants. Pediatr Neurosurg 35:113\u2013119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000050403","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg"},{"key":"4870_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(16)33132-7","volume":"22","author":"EL Gresham","year":"1975","unstructured":"Gresham EL (1975) Birth trauma. Pediatr Clin North Am 22:317\u2013328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0031-3955(16)33132-7","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"4870_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.07.044","volume":"214","author":"S Bode-J\u00e4nisch","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bode-J\u00e4nisch S, B\u00fcltmann E, Hartmann H, Schroeder G, Zajaczek JEW, Debertin AS (2012) Serious head injury in young children: birth trauma versus non-accidental head injury. Forensic Sci Int 214:e34\u2013e38. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.07.044","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"}],"container-title":["Child's Nervous System"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00381-020-04870-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00381-020-04870-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00381-020-04870-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]],"date-time":"2021-09-15T02:54:13Z","timestamp":1631674453000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00381-020-04870-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["4870"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00381-020-04870-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0256-7040","1433-0350"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0256-7040","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-0350","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 March 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 August 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 September 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This clinical audit was approved by the institutional review board (reference number 2780).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Consent was obtained for a retrospective review by the clinical care team.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Consent was obtained for a retrospective review by the clinical care team.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}