{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T03:06:32Z","timestamp":1740107192928,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,11]],"date-time":"2021-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615420800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,11]],"date-time":"2021-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005743","name":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005743","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Childs Nerv Syst"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 43 Italian children, aged between 6 and 16 years, diagnosed with spina bifida, myelomeningocele, and shunted hydrocephalus have been described clinically and completed a neuropsychological battery in order to evaluate their cognitive, personality, and behavior profile.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Enrolled children underwent cognitive assessment by means of the Weschler WISC-IV cognitive test and assessment of the attention sustained through the LEITER test. In addition, parents were asked, in order to obtain a personality and behavior profile of the children, to fill in a \u201cCBCL 6-18 years\u201d questionnaire and to fill in a Barthel Index questionnaire.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Processing Speed Index of the WISC-IV QI scale was statistically significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.027), with the highest value presented by autonomous patients (95.8 \u00b1 12.8) and the lowest by patients using a wheelchair (75.5 \u00b1 19). WISC-IV QI mean value is 98 (\u00b115.7) for lipoma patients and 78.7 (\u00b117.6) for LMMC and MMC patients (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.001). In more detail, Perceptual Reasoning (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0005), Working Memory (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.01), and Processing Speed Index (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.001) highlighted a significant difference between the groups. The attention sustained subscale of the LEITER presented a mean of 6.9 (\u00b13.1) for lipoma patients and a men value of 4.6 (\u00b13.1) for LMMC and MMC patients (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.024). Patients with hydrocephalus had statistically significant worse cognition and autonomy (Barthel Index) score (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) compared with those without hydrocephalus, and normal scores regarding attention and depression scales.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>These results can be useful in planning dedicated therapeutic protocols such as suitable rehabilitation treatments, speech therapy, psychomotor skills, and cognitive enhancement and to develop prevention protocols particularly tailored for children with hydrocephalus who appear to have the more deficient skills.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-021-05089-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,11]],"date-time":"2021-03-11T22:02:47Z","timestamp":1615500167000},"page":"2033-2038","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Neuropsychological profiles in children and young adults with spina bifida"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5948-1617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Rendeli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Ausili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3477-6136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Moroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Capriati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Massimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Zanetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"5089_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1080\/87565641.2018.1439035","volume":"43","author":"F Burro","year":"2018","unstructured":"Burro F, Cama A, Lertora V, Veneselli E, Rossetti S, Pezzuti L (2018) Intellectual efficiency in children and adolescents with spina bifida myelomeningocele and shunted hydrocephalus. Dev Neuropsychol 43(3):198\u2013206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/87565641.2018.1439035 Epub 2018 Feb 16","journal-title":"Dev Neuropsychol"},{"issue":"8","key":"5089_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617716000680","volume":"22","author":"RM Wasserman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wasserman RM, Holmbeck GN (2016) Profiles of neuropsychological functioning in children and adolescents with spina bifida: associations with biopsychosocial predictors and functional outcomes. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 22(8):804\u2013815. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1355617716000680 Epub 2016 Aug 30","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc."},{"issue":"1","key":"5089_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2009.01.003","volume":"14","author":"A Vinck","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vinck A, Nijhuis-van der Sanden MW, Roeleveld NJ, Mullaart RA, Rotteveel JJ, Maassen BA (2010) Motor profile and cognitive functioning in children with spina bifida. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 14(1):86\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejpn.2009.01.003 Epub 2009 Feb 23","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol."},{"issue":"8","key":"5089_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2003.029058","volume":"75","author":"JL Iddon","year":"2004","unstructured":"Iddon JL, Morgan DJ, Loveday C, Sahakian BJ, Pickard JD (2004) Neuropsychological profile of young adults with spina bifida with or without hydrocephalus. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 75(8):1112\u20131118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.2003.029058","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"5089_CR5","first-page":"S32","volume":"13","author":"JL Iddon","year":"2003","unstructured":"Iddon JL, Morgan DJ, Ahmed R, Loveday C, Sahakian BJ, Pickard JD (2003) Memory and learning in young adults with hydrocephalus and spina bifida: specific cognitive profiles. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 13(Suppl 1):S32\u2013S35","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr Surg."},{"issue":"3","key":"5089_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1006\/brln.1998.1843","volume":"61","author":"MA Barnes","year":"1998","unstructured":"Barnes MA, Dennis M (1998) Discourse after early-onset hydrocephalus: core deficits in children of average intelligence. Brain Lang 61(3):309\u2013334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/brln.1998.1843","journal-title":"Brain Lang"},{"issue":"5","key":"5089_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617706060772","volume":"12","author":"Dennis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dennis et al (2006) Motor learning in children with spina bifida: intact learning and performance on a ballistic task. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 12(5):598\u2013608. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1355617706060772","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"issue":"12","key":"5089_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-010-1140-z","volume":"26","author":"M Dennis","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dennis M, Nelson R, Jewell D, Fletcher JM (2010) Prospective memory in adults with spina bifida. Childs Nerv Syst 26(12):1749\u20131755. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00381-010-1140-z","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"5089_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2020.07.005","volume":"28","author":"J Pollenus","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pollenus J, Lagae L, Aertsen M, Jansen K (2020) The impact of cerebral anomalies on cognitive outcome in patients with spina bifida: a systematic review. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 28:16\u201328","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5089_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.3233\/PRM-200719","volume":"13","author":"TK Kritikos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kritikos TK, Smith K, Holmbeck GN (2020) Mental health guidelines for the care of people with spina bifida. J Pediatr Rehabil Med. 13(4):525\u2013534. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/PRM-200719","journal-title":"J Pediatr Rehabil Med."}],"container-title":["Child's Nervous System"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00381-021-05089-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00381-021-05089-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00381-021-05089-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T19:08:24Z","timestamp":1623092904000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00381-021-05089-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,11]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["5089"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00381-021-05089-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0256-7040","1433-0350"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0256-7040"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1433-0350"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 December 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 February 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 March 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"ID No. 3218 (2020).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval (include appropriate approvals or waivers)"}},{"value":"Yes.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate (include appropriate statements)"}},{"value":"Yes.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication (include appropriate statements)"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interests, or other interests that might be perceived to influence the interpretation of the article.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}