{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T22:26:16Z","timestamp":1776896776599,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]],"date-time":"2021-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621555200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]],"date-time":"2021-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Childs Nerv Syst"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Achieving decompression without CSF over-drainage remains a challenge in hydrocephalus. Differential pressure valves are a popular treatment modality, with evidence suggesting that incorporation of gravitational units helps minimise over-drainage. This study seeks to describe the utility of the\n                      <jats:italic>proGAV\u00ae2.0<\/jats:italic>\n                      programmable valve in a paediatric population.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Clinical records and imaging of all patients fitted with\n                      <jats:italic>proGAV\u00ae2.0<\/jats:italic>\n                      valves and Miethke fixed-pressure valves between 2014 and 2019 at our tertiary centre were analysed. Patient demographics, indication for shunt and valve insertion\/revision and time to shunt\/valve revision were collected. Ventricular linear metrics (fronto-occipital horn ratio (FOHR) and fronto-occipital horn width ratio (FOHWR)) were collected pre- and post-valve insertion. Microsoft Excel and SPSS v24 were used for data collection and statistical analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eighty-eight\n                      <jats:italic>proGAV\u00ae2.0<\/jats:italic>\n                      valves were inserted in a population of 77 patients (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 45 males (58%), mean age 5.1 years (IQR: 0.4\u201311.0 years)). A total of 102 Miethke fixed-pressure valves were inserted over the same time period. Median follow-up was 17.5 months (1.0\u201347.3). One (1.1%)\n                      <jats:italic>proGAV\u00ae2.0<\/jats:italic>\n                      was revised due to over-drainage, compared to 2 (1.9%) fixed-pressure valves (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; 0.05).\n                      <jats:italic>ProGAV\u00ae2.0<\/jats:italic>\n                      insertion resulted in a significant decrease in the mean number of revisions per patient per year (1.77 vs 0.25;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.01). Overall shunt system survival with the\n                      <jats:italic>proGAV\u00ae2.0<\/jats:italic>\n                      was 80.4% at 12 months, and mean time to revision was 37.1 months, compared to 31.0 months (95%CI: 25.7\u201336.3) and 58.3% in fixed-pressure valves (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01). Significant decreases were seen following\n                      <jats:italic>proGAV\u00ae2.0<\/jats:italic>\n                      insertion in both FOHR and FOHWR, by 0.014 (95%CI: 0.006\u20130.023,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.002) and 0.037 (95%CI: 0.005\u20130.069,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.024) respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The\n                      <jats:italic>proGAV\u00ae2.0<\/jats:italic>\n                      provides effective decompression of hydrocephalic patients, significantly reduces the number of valve revisions per patient and had a significantly greater mean time to revision than fixed-pressure valves.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-021-05162-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]],"date-time":"2021-05-21T16:02:47Z","timestamp":1621612967000},"page":"2605-2612","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Efficacy and safety of the Miethke programmable differential pressure valve (proGAV\u00ae2.0): a single-centre retrospective analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9529-5072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin J.","family":"Hall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Conor S.","family":"Gillespie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dawn","family":"Hennigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veejay","family":"Bagga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Conor","family":"Mallucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benedetta","family":"Pettorini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2-3","key":"5162_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/s101430050035","volume":"22","author":"A Aschoff","year":"1999","unstructured":"Aschoff A, Kremer P, Hashemi B, Kunze S (1999) The scientific history of hydrocephalus and its treatment. 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Gillespie' is incorrectly stated, with the last name being 'S. Gillespie'. The last name should have been 'Gillespie' with the first name 'Conor S.'.","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical approval for this study was not required in view of the retrospective nature of the study, and all the procedures being performed were part of the routine care.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"All data collected and used in the study was fully anonymised prior to analysis and submission for publication.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"All data collected and used in the study was fully anonymised prior to analysis and submission for publication.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}