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In addition, the\u00a0authors\u2019 experience is briefly discussed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Full texts of 16 articles reporting cases of human hydrocephalus (including ventriculomegaly) due to defects in\u00a0ependymal ciliary function or primary ciliary dyskinesia observed in clinical practice were extracted. In recent years, studies on animal models, especially employing\u00a0knockout mice, have revealed genetic mutations that cause hydrocephalus via ciliary dysfunction. However, a few reports on the onset of hydrocephalus in human\u00a0patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia have confirmed that the incidence of this condition was extremely low compared to that in animal models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In\u00a0humans, it is rare for hydrocephalus to develop solely because of abnormalities in the cilia, and it is highly likely that other factors are also involved along with ciliary\u00a0dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-021-05194-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]],"date-time":"2021-05-17T06:03:16Z","timestamp":1621231396000},"page":"3355-3364","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Ependymal ciliary motion and their role in congenital hydrocephalus"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Koichiro","family":"Sakamoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8496-2973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madoka","family":"Nakajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaito","family":"Kawamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eri","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norihiro","family":"Tada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akihide","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hajime","family":"Arai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masakazu","family":"Miyajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"5194_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2012.05.040","volume":"422","author":"N Mizuno","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mizuno N, Taschner M, Engel BD, Lorentzen E (2012) Structural studies of ciliary components. 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