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The goal was to\u00a0find objective measurements that would correlate with the patient\u2019s subjective self-evaluation of their own cosmetic appearance.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The study population consisted of 49 patients from whom 41 had premature fusion of the sagittal and in 8 of metopic suture. There were 65 age and gender matching controls from The Finish National Register. The 3D photogrammetric models were created from all patients and controls. The images were analysed using Rapidform 2006. Facial landmarks were set by the standard Farkas points. Facial symmetry parameters were calculated by using the landmarks and the mirror shell of the face. Aesthetic evaluation was done from standard photographs using panels. Subjective satisfaction with one\u2019s own appearance was evaluated using questionnaires.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Patients had the greatest asymmetry in the forehead area when compared to controls (symmetry percentage 59% versus 66%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.013). In the control group, the gap between the eyes was smaller than in the case group, resulting in an absolute 2\u00a0mm difference (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003). The area of the chin and the landmarks were more located on the left side in the patient group, resulting in up to a 1.1\u00a0mm difference between the groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003). Only a weak association was found between craniofacial symmetry and appearance evaluations.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Patients operated on because of sagittal and metopic synostoses were found to have facial asymmetry at long follow-up. However, the differences were\u2009&lt;\u20093\u00a0mm and not clinically important. The long-term aesthetical outcome of the surgery performed because of sagittal or metopic craniosynostosis based on the 3D image evaluation was good.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-021-05434-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]],"date-time":"2021-12-23T15:10:56Z","timestamp":1640272256000},"page":"781-788","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Craniofacial characteristics and cosmetic satisfaction of patients with sagittal and metopic synostosis: a case\u2013control study using 3D photogrammetric imaging"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5476-1217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anja","family":"Svalina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ville","family":"Vuollo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willy","family":"Serlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juha-Jaakko","family":"Sinikumpu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna-Sofia","family":"Silvola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niina","family":"Salokorpi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"5434_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.30959","volume":"138A","author":"K Aldridge","year":"2005","unstructured":"Aldridge K, Boyadjiev SA, Capone GT, DeLeon VB, Richtsmeier JT (2005) Precision and error of three-dimensional phenotypic measures acquired from 3dMD photogrammetric images. 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