{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,12]],"date-time":"2025-04-12T02:35:33Z","timestamp":1744425333169},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]],"date-time":"2023-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685923200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]],"date-time":"2023-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Childs Nerv Syst"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Cerebral ventricular shunt infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA),\u00a0especially strains with elevated minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values, have a poor prognosis. Monitoring\u00a0serum vancomycin (VCM) levels with therapeutic drug monitoring and maintaining high VCM concentrations in the\u00a0cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are critical to treatment success. However, there have been a few reports about the CSF\u00a0penetration and the pharmacokinetics of VCM in children.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Here, we report the case of a pediatric patient with cysto-peritoneal shunt-related meningitis\u00a0caused by MRSA with an MIC of 2 \u03bcg\/mL. The adequate VCM concentration was maintained by monitoring the\u00a0VCM concentration in the CSF via the external ventricular drain, and frequent blood taking was avoided. VCM\u00a0showed a good CSF penetration in our patient, and she was discharged without complications.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Therapeutic drug monitoring of VCM concentration in the CSF may result in successful treatment even\u00a0if MRSA shows a higher MIC. Therapeutic drug monitoring of VCM concentration in the CSF may also reduce the\u00a0side effects.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-023-06004-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]],"date-time":"2023-06-05T03:09:06Z","timestamp":1685934546000},"page":"3307-3310","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Treatment optimization by monitoring vancomycin concentration in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid in a child with cystoperitoneal shunt-related infection caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Shinsuke","family":"Mizuno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junji","family":"Koyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Kurosawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masashi","family":"Kasai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"6004_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e34","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw861","volume":"64","author":"AR Tunkel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tunkel AR, Hasbun R, Bhimraj A, Byers K, Kaplan SL, Schld WM et al (2017) 2017 Infectious Disease Society of America\u2019s Clinical Practice Guidelines for Healthcare-Associated Ventriculitis and Meningitis. Clin Infect Dis 64:e34\u2013e65","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"6004_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S326456","volume":"15","author":"M Karvouniaris","year":"2022","unstructured":"Karvouniaris M, Brotis A, Tsiakos K, Palli E, Koulenti D (2022) Current perspectives on the diagnosis and management of healthcare-associated ventriculitis and meningitis. Infect Drug Resist 15:697\u2013721","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"6004_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1086\/518580","volume":"45","author":"S McClelland","year":"2007","unstructured":"McClelland S, Hall WA (2007) Postoperative central nervous system infection: incidence and associated factors in 2111 neurosurgical procedures. Clin Infect Dis 45:55\u201359","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"6004_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.3.PEDS08215","volume":"4","author":"TD Simon","year":"2009","unstructured":"Simon TD, Hall M, Riva-Cambrin J, Albert JE, Jeffries HE, Lafleur B et al (2009) Infection rates following initial cerebrospinal fluid shunt placement across pediatric hospitals in the United States. J Neurosurg Pediatr 4:156\u2013165","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"key":"6004_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2004.12.005","volume":"25","author":"B Arda","year":"2005","unstructured":"Arda B, Yamazhan T, Sipahi OR, Islekel S, Buke C, Ulusoy S (2005) Meningitis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): review of 10 cases. Int J Antimicrob Agents 25:414\u2013418","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"6004_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S35","DOI":"10.1086\/491712","volume":"42","author":"MJ Rybak","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rybak MJ (2006) The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of vancomycin. Clin Infect Dis 42:S35\u2013S39","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"6004_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-017-0548-y","volume":"56","author":"JE Beach","year":"2017","unstructured":"Beach JE, Perrott J, Turgeon RD, Ensom MHH (2017) Penetration of vancomycin into the cerebrospinal fluid: a systematic review. Clin Pharmacokinet 56:1479\u20131490","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"6004_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00007-10","volume":"23","author":"R Nau","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nau R, Sorgel F, Eiffert H (2010) Penetration of drugs through the blood-cerebrospinal fluid\/blood-brain barrier for treatment of central nervous system infections. Clin Microbiol Rev 23:858\u2013883","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"6004_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-017-0588-3","volume":"57","author":"N Kumta","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kumta N, Roberts JA, Lipman J, Cotta MO (2018) Antibiotic distribution into cerebrospinal fluid: can dosing safely account for drug and disease factors in the treatment of ventriculostomy-associated infections? Clin Pharmacokinet 57:439\u2013454","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"6004_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq146","volume":"52","author":"C Liu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Liu C, Bayer A, Cosgrove SE, Daum RS, Fridkin SK, Gorwitz RJ et al (2011) Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in adults and children. Clin Infect Dis 52:e18-55","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"6004_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir935","volume":"54","author":"SJ van Hal","year":"2012","unstructured":"van Hal SJ, Lodise TP, Paterson DL (2012) The clinical significance of vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration in Staphylococcus aureus infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis 54:755\u2013771","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"6004_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.6364","volume":"312","author":"AC Kalil","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kalil AC, Van Schooneveld TC, Fey PD, Rupp ME (2014) Association between vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration and mortality among patients with Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 312:1552\u20131564","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"6004_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5276","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00658-16","volume":"60","author":"SM Baxi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Baxi SM, Clemenzi-Allen A, Gahbauer A, Gahbauer A, Deck D, Imp B et al (2016) Vancomycin MIC does not predict 90-day mortality, readmission, or recurrence in a prospective cohort of adults with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 60:5276\u20135284","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"6004_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1159\/000108786","volume":"43","author":"L Jorgenson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jorgenson L, Reiter PD, Freeman JE, Winston KR, Fish D, McBride LA et al (2007) Vancomycin disposition and penetration into ventricular fluid of the central nervous system following intravenous therapy in patients with cerebrospinal devices. Pediatr Neurosurg 43:449\u2013455","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg"},{"key":"6004_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1988","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.9.1988","volume":"39","author":"KP Klugman","year":"1995","unstructured":"Klugman KP, Friedland IR, Bradley JS (1995) Bactericidal activity against cephalosporin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in cerebrospinal fluid of children with acute bacterial meningitis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 39:1988\u20131992","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"6004_CR16","first-page":"331","volume":"16","author":"PD Reiter","year":"1996","unstructured":"Reiter PD, Doron MW (1996) Vancomycin cerebrospinal fluid concentrations after intravenous administration in premature infants. J Perinatol 16:331\u2013335","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"6004_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e270","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000385","volume":"33","author":"J Autmizguine","year":"2014","unstructured":"Autmizguine J, Moran C, Gonzalez D, Capparelli EV, Smith PB, Grant GA et al (2014) Vancomycin cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics in children with cerebral ventricular shunt infections. Pediatr Infect Dis J 33:e270\u2013e272","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"6004_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI109850","volume":"66","author":"WM Scheld","year":"1980","unstructured":"Scheld WM, Dacey RG, Winn HR, Welsh JE, Jane JA, Sande MA et al (1980) Cerebrospinal fluid outflow resistance in rabbits with experimental meningitis. Alterations with penicillin and methylprednisolone. J Clin Invest 66:243\u2013253","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"6004_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surneu.2007.01.073","volume":"69","author":"Q Wang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wang Q, Shi Z, Wang J, Shi G, Wang S, Zhou J (2008) Postoperatively administered vancomycin reaches therapeutic concentration in the cerebral spinal fluid of neurosurgical patients. Surg Neurol 69:126\u2013129","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"6004_CR20","first-page":"404","volume":"70","author":"T Ichie","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ichie T, Urano K, Suzuki D, Okada T, Kobayashi N, Hayashi H et al (2015) Influence of cerebrospinal fluid drainage on the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in neurosurgical patients. Pharmazie 70:404\u2013409","journal-title":"Pharmazie"},{"key":"6004_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1159\/000238755","volume":"36","author":"P Fan-Havard","year":"1990","unstructured":"Fan-Havard P, Nahata MC, Bartkowski MH, Barson WJ, Kosnik EJ (1990) Pharmacokinetics and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of vancomycin in pediatric patients undergoing CSF shunt placement. Chemotherapy 36:103\u2013108","journal-title":"Chemotherapy"},{"key":"6004_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2012.11.006","volume":"66","author":"MD Wilkie","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wilkie MD, Hanson MF, Statham PF, Brennan PM (2013) Infections of cerebrospinal fluid diversion devices in adults: the role of intraventricular antimicrobial therapy. J Infect 66:239\u2013246","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"6004_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-012-9784-z","volume":"20","author":"K Ng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ng K, Mabasa VH, Chow I, Ensom MH (2014) Systematic review of efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and administration of intraventricular vancomycin in adults. Neurocrit Care 20:158\u2013171","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"issue":"218","key":"6004_CR24","first-page":"e1","volume":"30","author":"K Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen K, Wu Y, Wang Q et al (2015) The methodology and pharmacokinetics study of intraventricular administration of vancomycin in patients with intracranial infections after craniotomy. J Crit Care 30(218):e1\u20135","journal-title":"J Crit Care"}],"container-title":["Child's Nervous System"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00381-023-06004-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00381-023-06004-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00381-023-06004-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T12:04:53Z","timestamp":1699877093000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00381-023-06004-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["6004"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00381-023-06004-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0256-7040","1433-0350"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0256-7040","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-0350","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 April 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 May 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 June 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The Institutional Review Board of the Kobe Children\u2019s Hospital (no. R4-143) approved this study protocol.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from the parents of the patient.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}