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Data collected included demographics, clinical characteristics, antiretroviral therapy (ART) status, biochemistry results, CD4 count, radiology findings, CSF diversion procedures (and complications), length of hospital stay (LOHS), and in-hospital mortality.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Thirty-one children were included, with a mean age of 6.7\u2009\u00b1\u20095.3\u00a0years and 67.7% males. Median admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was 11 (IQR 9\u201315). Hypertonia (64.5%) and seizures (51.6%) were frequently observed clinical characteristics. Sixty-one percent of children were on ART. Cerebral infarcts and extra-meningeal TB were diagnosed in 64.5% and 19.3% of cases, respectively. The median CD4 count was 151 (IQR 70\u2013732) cells\/\u00b5L. Surgical procedures included ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) in 26 cases and endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) in five children. VPS complication rate was 27%. No complications were reported for ETV. Median LOHS was 7\u00a0days (IQR 4\u201321). Eleven children (35.5%) died during admission. Factors associated with mortality included GCS (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.032), infarcts (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004), extra-meningeal TB (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003), VPS infection (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.018), low CD4 count (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.009), and hyponatremia (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002). No statistically significant factors were associated with VPS complications.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>TBM hydrocephalus in HIV-infected children carries a high mortality. Clinicians in high-prevalence settings should have a high suspicion index and institute early treatment.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-023-06205-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T04:35:14Z","timestamp":1700022914000},"page":"695-705","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Factors associated with in-hospital mortality in HIV-infected children treated for tuberculous meningitis hydrocephalus"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1285-3046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Basil","family":"Enicker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colleen","family":"Aldous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"6205_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020077","volume":"6","author":"S Marais","year":"2011","unstructured":"Marais S, Pepper DJ, Schutz C, Wilkinson RJ, Meintjes G (2011) Presentation and outcome of tuberculous meningitis in a high HIV prevalence setting. 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