{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T22:27:14Z","timestamp":1783117634615,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]],"date-time":"2024-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733443200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]],"date-time":"2024-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Childs Nerv Syst"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intrathoracic migration of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) is a phenomenally rare complication, with the supradiaphragmatic intercostal variant even more so. Whereas it can prove debilitating or even fatal via massive hydrothorax, the causative mechanism and proper management of this occurrence are undefined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 17-month-old girl who had undergone VPS insertion at one month of age was brought to our department for somnolence and dyspnea, which had a sudden onset. Despite a previous thoracostomy provided temporary symptom relief, she had relapsed. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest showed a large loop of the right-sided VPS penetrating into the thorax through the anterior wall, as well as marked right hydrothorax. She was subjected to VPS revision and thoracostomy, with the swift, complete, and lasting remission of her complaints.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It is possible that local reaction coupled with negative inspiratory pressure caused the catheter loop to break into the pleural cavity. Our case demonstrates an exceedingly rare event that has a favorable prognosis if diagnosed and treated quickly and appropriately.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-024-06670-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]],"date-time":"2024-12-05T22:54:20Z","timestamp":1733439260000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Implausible, not impossible: delayed supradiaphragmatic thoracic migration of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt in a 17-month-old"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Ioan-Alexandru","family":"Florian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Topal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teodora-Larisa","family":"Florian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dragos","family":"Font","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioan-Stefan","family":"Florian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"6670_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1080\/02688690410001681046","volume":"18","author":"M Aky\u00fcz","year":"2004","unstructured":"Aky\u00fcz M, U\u00e7ar T, G\u00f6ksu E (2004) A thoracic complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunt: symptomatic hydrothorax from intrathoracic migration of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter. Br J Neurosurg 18(2):171\u2013173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02688690410001681046","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"key":"6670_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.068","volume":"146","author":"Z Aljuboori","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aljuboori Z, Sieg E (2021) Shunt catheter migration due to negative thoracic pressure. World Neurosurg 146:177\u2013178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.068","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"6","key":"6670_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22928","volume":"30","author":"MZ Allouh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Allouh MZ, Al Barbarawi MM, Asfour HA, Said RS (2017) Migration of the distal catheter of the ventriculoperitoneal shunt in hydrocephalus: a comprehensive analytical review from an anatomical perspective. Clin Anat 30(6):821\u2013830. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ca.22928","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"issue":"6","key":"6670_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1994.tb03565.x","volume":"49","author":"P Bromley","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bromley P, Cottam S (1994) Pleural effusions and anaesthesia. Anaesthesia 49(6):558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1994.tb03565.x","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"4","key":"6670_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(95)80059-p","volume":"43","author":"JW Doh","year":"1995","unstructured":"Doh JW, Bae HG, Lee KS, Yun IG, Byun BJ (1995) Hydrothorax from intrathoracic migration of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter. Surg Neurol 43(4):340\u2013343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0090-3019(95)80059-p","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"6670_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1590\/s0004-282x1980000400013","volume":"38","author":"NP Ferreira","year":"1980","unstructured":"Ferreira NP, Costa DM Jr, Flores JA (1980) Expectora\u00e7ao de l\u00edquido cefalorraqueano: rara complica\u00e7ao de deriva\u00e7ao ventriculoperitoneal [expectoration of cerebrospinal fluid: an unusual complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunt]. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 38(4):415\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/s0004-282x1980000400013","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr."},{"key":"6670_CR7","first-page":"231","volume":"6","author":"HJ Gl\u00f6bl","year":"1978","unstructured":"Gl\u00f6bl HJ, Kaufmann HJ (1978) Shunts and complications. Prog Pediatr Radiol 6:231\u2013271","journal-title":"Prog Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"6670_CR8","first-page":"860","volume-title":"Anesthesia","author":"IS Grant","year":"1989","unstructured":"Grant IS (1989) Anaesthesia and respiratory disease. In: Nimmo WS, Smith G (eds) Anesthesia. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp 860\u20131"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"6670_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s003810100504","volume":"18","author":"N Hadzikaric","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hadzikaric N, Nasser M, Mashani A, Ammar A (2002) CSF hydrothorax\u2013VP shunt complication without displacement of a peritoneal catheter. Childs Nerv Syst 18(3\u20134):179\u2013182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s003810100504","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"11","key":"6670_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.25259\/SNI_57_2020","volume":"18","author":"S Hilmani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hilmani S, Mesbahi T, Bouaggad A, Lakhdar A (2020) A rare complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunt: pleural effusion without intrathoracic ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter. Surg Neurol Int 18(11):291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/SNI_57_2020","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"6670_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00301669","volume":"11","author":"MC Johnson","year":"1995","unstructured":"Johnson MC, Maxwell MS (1995) Delayed intrapleural migration of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Childs Nerv Syst 11(6):348\u2013350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00301669","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"Suppl 11","key":"6670_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S330","DOI":"10.4103\/2152-7806.161408","volume":"6","author":"JH Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim JH, Roberts DW, Bauer DF (2015) CSF hydrothorax without intrathoracic catheter migration in children with ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Surg Neurol Int 6(Suppl 11):S330\u2013S333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/2152-7806.161408","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"6670_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-011-0722-1","volume":"32","author":"Y Kocaogullar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kocaogullar Y, G\u00fcney O, Kaya B, Erdi F (2011) CSF hydrothorax after ventriculoperitoneal shunt without catheter migration: a case report. Neurol Sci 32(5):949\u2013952. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-011-0722-1","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"6670_CR14","unstructured":"Koleva M, De Jesus O. Hydrocephalus. 2021 Aug 30. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022"},{"issue":"2","key":"6670_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1994.tb03403.x","volume":"49","author":"BB Lee","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lee BB, Critchley LA (1994) Pleural effusions and anaesthesia. Anaesthesia. 49(2):178\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1994.tb03403.x","journal-title":"Anaesthesia."},{"issue":"3","key":"6670_CR16","first-page":"241","volume":"40","author":"J Miyamoto","year":"2012","unstructured":"Miyamoto J, Niijima K (2012) Migration of the distal catheter of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt into the thoracic cavity. No Shinkei Geka. 40(3):241\u20135","journal-title":"No Shinkei Geka."},{"issue":"8","key":"6670_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1080\/02699050410001671793","volume":"18","author":"H Muramatsu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Muramatsu H, Koike K (2004) Pleural effusions appearing in the rehabilitation ward after ventriculoperitoneal shunts: a report of two adult cases and a review of the literature. Brain Inj 18(8):835\u2013844. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02699050410001671793","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"issue":"1","key":"6670_CR18","first-page":"19","volume":"15","author":"H Nazaro\u011flu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nazaro\u011flu H, Ozkan U, Ozmen CA, Akay HO (2009) Migration of ventriculoperitoneal shunt into the lung by passing through the liver and the diaphragm. Diagn Interv Radiol 15(1):19\u201321","journal-title":"Diagn Interv Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6670_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1159\/000329629","volume":"47","author":"AP Patel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Patel AP, Dorantes-Argandar A, Raja AI (2011) Cerebrospinal fluid hydrothorax without ventriculoperitoneal shunt migration in an infant. Pediatr Neurosurg 47(1):74\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000329629","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg"},{"key":"6670_CR20","first-page":"320","volume-title":"Anesthesia and uncommon diseases","author":"EG Pavlin","year":"1990","unstructured":"Pavlin EG (1990) Respiratory diseases. In: Katz J, Benumof JL, Kadis LB (eds) Anesthesia and uncommon diseases, 3rd edn. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 320\u2013321","edition":"3"},{"issue":"1","key":"6670_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-018-0480-2","volume":"44","author":"F Porcaro","year":"2018","unstructured":"Porcaro F, Procaccini E, Paglietti MG, Schiavino A, Petreschi F, Cutrera R (2018) Pleural effusion from intrathoracic migration of a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt catheter: pediatric case report and review of the literature. Ital J Pediatr 44(1):42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13052-018-0480-2","journal-title":"Ital J Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"6670_CR22","first-page":"147","volume":"13","author":"MH Rahimi Rad","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rahimi Rad MH, Mirzaagazadeh J, Ansarin K (2007) Supradiaphragmatic and transdiaphragmatic intrathoracic migration of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter. Hong Kong Med J 13(2):147\u2013149","journal-title":"Hong Kong Med J"},{"issue":"12","key":"6670_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3400","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X211039612","volume":"41","author":"A Requena-Jimenez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Requena-Jimenez A, Nabiuni M, Miyan JA (2021) Profound changes in cerebrospinal fluid proteome and metabolic profile are associated with congenital hydrocephalus. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 41(12):3400\u20133414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0271678X211039612","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab."},{"issue":"3","key":"6670_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.4103\/JPN.JPN_27_18","volume":"13","author":"H Saha","year":"2018","unstructured":"Saha H, Burman SS, Saha K, Ghosh D (2018) Spontaneous asymptomatic migration of ventriculoperitoneal shunt into thoracic cavity: a case report with review of literature. J Pediatr Neurosci. 13(3):352\u2013354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/JPN.JPN_27_18","journal-title":"J Pediatr Neurosci."},{"key":"6670_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucir.2014.11.006","volume":"26","author":"Y S\u00e1nchez-Medina","year":"2015","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez-Medina Y, Dom\u00ednguez-B\u00e1ez J, Lazo-Fern\u00e1ndez E, Rosario PA, Zanabria-Ortiz R (2015) Migraci\u00f3n intrator\u00e1cica de cat\u00e9ter de derivaci\u00f3n ventriculoperitoneal: a prop\u00f3sito de un caso. Neurocirugia 26:256\u2013259","journal-title":"Neurocirugia"},{"issue":"4","key":"6670_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.4103\/ajns.AJNS_132_21","volume":"16","author":"R Singh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Singh R, Prasad RS, Singh RC, Trivedi A, Bhaikhel KS, Sahu A (2021) Evaluation of pediatric hydrocephalus: clinical, surgical, and outcome perspective in a tertiary center. Asian J Neurosurg 16(4):706\u2013713. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ajns.AJNS_132_21","journal-title":"Asian J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"1","key":"6670_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-022-01575-y","volume":"22","author":"M Sunabe","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sunabe M, Hoshi T, Niisato E (2022) Respiratory distress associated with acute hydrothorax during transurethral electrocoagulation: a case report. BMC Anesthesiol 22(1):37. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12871-022-01575-y","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6670_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2004.08.001","volume":"99","author":"K Takahashi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Takahashi K, Chin K, Sumi K, Nakamura T, Matsumoto H, Niimi A, Ikai I, Mishima M (2005) Resistant hepatic hydrothorax: a successful case with treatment by nCPAP. Respir Med 99(3):262\u2013264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2004.08.001","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"6670_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3313","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-021-05243-3","volume":"37","author":"UW Thomale","year":"2021","unstructured":"Thomale UW (2021) Integrated understanding of hydrocephalus - a practical approach for a complex disease. Childs Nerv Syst. 37(11):3313\u20133324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00381-021-05243-3","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst."},{"issue":"Supplement","key":"6670_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S520","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.332252","volume":"69","author":"R Verma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Verma R, Srivastava C, Ojha BK, Chandra A, Garg RK, Kohli M, Malhotra HS, Parihar A, Tripathi S (2021) Complications encountered with ETV in infants with congenital hydrocephalus. Neurol India. 69(Supplement):S520\u2013S525. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0028-3886.332252","journal-title":"Neurol India."},{"issue":"12","key":"6670_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.798488","volume":"6","author":"S Yamada","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yamada S, Ishikawa M, Nakajima M, Nozaki K (2022) Reconsidering ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery and postoperative shunt valve pressure adjustment: our approaches learned from past challenges and failures. Front Neurol 6(12):798488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2021.798488","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"14","key":"6670_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.25259\/SNI_645_2023","volume":"15","author":"S Yokoya","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yokoya S (2023) Migration of the ventriculoperitoneal shunt into the thoracic cavity: a case report and pitfalls of the rib structure. Surg Neurol Int 15(14):340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/SNI_645_2023","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int"}],"container-title":["Child's Nervous System"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00381-024-06670-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00381-024-06670-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00381-024-06670-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T13:15:48Z","timestamp":1770815748000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00381-024-06670-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6670"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00381-024-06670-8","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4630106\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0256-7040","1433-0350"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0256-7040","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-0350","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 November 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 December 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"35"}}