{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T09:22:44Z","timestamp":1782379364295,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761523200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Childs Nerv Syst"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In resource-limited hospitals, pediatric neurosurgery is performed by general surgeons (GS) and neurosurgeons (NS), but the provider-specific impact remains unclear. This study compares pediatric neurosurgery cranial cases managed by GS and NS at a regional referral center in Southern Ethiopia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cranial operations in patients\u2009&lt;\u200918\u00a0years (January\u202f2020\u2013October\u202f2024) were retrospectively reviewed. Data included demographics, travel, delay (&gt;\u200912\u00a0h), procedure type, and early outcomes (complications, length of stay [LOS]). Procedures were classified as routine (elevation, washout\/I&amp;D) or complex (shunt, craniotomy). Chi square with Yates and Mann\u2011Whitney\u202fU tests compared groups. Multivariable logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, and delay.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among the 75 patients, 36 (48%) were treated by NS and 39 (52%) by GS. Routine operations predominated in GS (69.2%\u202fvs\u202f55.6%) while complex procedures were more frequent in NS (36.1%\u202fvs\u202f5.1%). LOS was comparable (4\u00a0days, p\u2009=\u20090.772), as were delays (41.0%\u202fGS\u202fvs\u202f44.4%\u202fNS,\u202fp\u2009=\u20090.818) and complications (12.8%\u202fGS\u202fvs\u202f19.4%\u202fNS,\u202f\u03c72 test with Yates p\u2009=\u20090.641). Complication rates for routine procedures were similar between groups (elevation 0% and washout\/I&amp;D 40%; p\u2009=\u20091.000), and although unadjusted rates were higher in the NS cohort for complex cases (craniotomy 66.7% vs 30.0%; shunt 23.1% vs 0%), these differences were not statistically significant (p\u2009=\u20090.510 and p\u2009=\u20091.000, respectively), with multivariable adjustment likewise showing no provider effect (aOR 1.25, 95% CI 0.27\u20135.78; p\u2009=\u20090.773).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>With appropriate training, GS achieved early outcomes comparable to NS for routine and complex pediatric cranial operations. The absence of significant differences in complications supports structured task\u2011sharing and skills-based mentorship to expand neurosurgical care in resource-limited settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-025-06979-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T06:13:43Z","timestamp":1761545623000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparative outcomes for pediatric cranial procedures by general surgeons and neurosurgeons in a tertiary care hospital in Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Cleresa Renee","family":"Roberts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oumou Kalsoum","family":"Mbacke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Divine","family":"Nwafor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Dunbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhinav","family":"Kareddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joy","family":"Pierson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bereket Hailu","family":"Mekuria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather Stevens","family":"Spader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"6979_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.18.216028","volume":"97","author":"B Mullapudi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mullapudi B, Grabski D, Ameh E (2019) Estimates of number of children and adolescents without access to surgical care. 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