{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T05:25:48Z","timestamp":1770269148966,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770163200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Childs Nerv Syst"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-026-07151-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T16:17:34Z","timestamp":1770221854000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cerebrospinal fluid matrix-remodeling biomarkers in neonates with myelomeningocele: MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TGF-\u03b21 expression"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5371-4638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Alata\u015f","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7769-4835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Larisa Andrada","family":"Ay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5245-9110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hakk\u0131 Kemal","family":"Erdin\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1466-7848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nursu","family":"Kara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5187-1716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cenk","family":"\u00c7elik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7152-378X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ece","family":"\u00c7etin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9129-5470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00fclseli Berivan","family":"Sezen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2513-442X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u015eeyhmus Kerem","family":"\u00d6zel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7344-8637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Merih","family":"Cetinkaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5757-1256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Palmet G\u00fcn","family":"Atak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3124-0184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uzay","family":"G\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"7151_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1998.9641","volume":"253","author":"M M\u00e4kel\u00e4","year":"1998","unstructured":"M\u00e4kel\u00e4 M, Salo T, Larjava H (1998) MMP-9 from TNF-\u03b1\u2013stimulated keratinocytes binds to cell membranes and type I collagen: a cause for extended matrix degradation in inflammation? Biochem Biophys Res Commun 253(2):325\u2013335","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"7151_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(01)00304-6","volume":"116","author":"M Maliszewska","year":"2001","unstructured":"Maliszewska M, M\u00e4der M, Sch\u00f6ll U, Azeh I, Hardeland R, Felgenhauer K et al (2001) Development of an ultrasensitive enzyme immunoassay for measuring matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels in normal human cerebrospinal fluid. J Neuroimmunol 116(2):233\u2013237","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"7151_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.17.1.463","volume":"17","author":"MD Sternlicht","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sternlicht MD, Werb Z (2001) How matrix metalloproteinases regulate cell behavior. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 17:463\u2013516","journal-title":"Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"7151_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000351768.11363.48","volume":"65","author":"M Grossetete","year":"2009","unstructured":"Grossetete M, Phelps J, Arko L, Yonas H, Rosenberg GA (2009) Elevation of matrix metalloproteinases 3 and 9 in CSF and blood of patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Neurosurgery 65(4):702\u2013708","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"7151_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000323498","volume":"101","author":"S Merhar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Merhar S (2012) Biomarkers in neonatal posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. Neonatology 101(1):1\u20137","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"7151_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2010.03.007","volume":"86","author":"T Okamoto","year":"2010","unstructured":"Okamoto T, Takahashi S, Nakamura E, Nagaya K, Hayashi T, Shirai M et al (2010) Increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and hepatocyte growth factor in CSF of infants with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. Early Hum Dev 86(4):251\u2013254","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"issue":"2","key":"7151_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2007.08.006","volume":"84","author":"T Okamoto","year":"2008","unstructured":"Okamoto T, Takahashi S, Nakamura E, Nagaya K, Hayashi T, Shirai M et al (2008) Matrix metalloproteinases in infants with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. Early Hum Dev 84(2):137\u2013139","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"issue":"12","key":"7151_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1807","volume":"6","author":"VW Yong","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yong VW (2005) Metalloproteinases: mediators of pathology and regeneration in the CNS. Nat Rev Neurosci 6(12):931\u2013944","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"7151_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000223001.06264.af","volume":"37","author":"A Rosell","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rosell A, Ortega-Aznar A, Alvarez-Sab\u00edn J, Fern\u00e1ndez-Cadenas I, Rib\u00f3 M, Molina CA et al (2006) Increased brain expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 after ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Stroke 37(6):1399\u20131406","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"1","key":"7151_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(92)90192-N","volume":"41","author":"K Gijbels","year":"1992","unstructured":"Gijbels K, Masure S, Carton H, Opdenakker G (1992) Gelatinase in CSF of patients with multiple sclerosis and other inflammatory neurological disorders. J Neuroimmunol 41(1):29\u201334","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7151_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1086\/313922","volume":"31","author":"D Leppert","year":"2000","unstructured":"Leppert D, Leib SL, Grygar C, Miller KM, Schaad UB, Holl\u00e4nder GA (2000) Matrix metalloproteinase-8 and -9 in CSF during bacterial meningitis: association with blood\u2013brain barrier damage and neurological sequelae. Clin Infect Dis 31(1):80\u201384","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"7151_CR12","first-page":"363","volume":"24","author":"CL Liu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liu CL, Chen CC, Lee HC, Cho DY (2014) Matrix metalloproteinase-9 in ventricular CSF correlates with prognosis after traumatic brain injury. Turk Neurosurg 24(3):363\u2013368","journal-title":"Turk Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"7151_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(97)00247-6","volume":"84","author":"SA Kolb","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kolb SA, Lahrtz F, Paul R, Leppert D, Nadal D, Pfister HW et al (1998) Matrix metalloproteinases and TIMP-1 in viral meningitis: upregulation of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in CSF. J Neuroimmunol 84(2):143\u2013150","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"7151_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000070112.80711.3D","volume":"92","author":"R Visse","year":"2003","unstructured":"Visse R, Nagase H (2003) Matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases: structure, function, biochemistry. Circ Res 92(8):827\u2013839","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"7151_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(95)00079-S","volume":"88","author":"R Ca\u00f1ete Soler","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ca\u00f1ete Soler R, Gui YH, Linask KK, Muschel RJ (1995) MMP-9 mRNA is expressed during mouse neurogenesis and may relate to vascularization. Dev Brain Res 88(1):37\u201352","journal-title":"Dev Brain Res"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"7151_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1159\/000097229","volume":"3","author":"PE Gottschall","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gottschall PE, Deb S (1996) Regulation of matrix metalloproteinase expression in astrocytes, microglia, and neurons. NeuroImmunoModulation 3(2\u20133):69\u201375","journal-title":"NeuroImmunoModulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"7151_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.10836","volume":"75","author":"SJ Crocker","year":"2004","unstructured":"Crocker SJ, Pagenstecher A, Campbell IL (2004) Matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in the CNS. J Neurosci Res 75(1):1\u201311","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"7151_CR18","first-page":"729","volume":"152","author":"A Pagenstecher","year":"1998","unstructured":"Pagenstecher A, Stalder AK, Kincaid CL, Shapiro SD, Campbell IL (1998) Differential expression of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in the CNS in normal and inflammatory states. Am J Pathol 152(3):729\u2013741","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"6","key":"7151_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/60.6.598","volume":"60","author":"A Pagenstecher","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pagenstecher A, Wussler EM, Opdenakker G, Volk B, Campbell IL (2001) Expression patterns of matrix metalloproteinases and TIMPs in primary brain tumors. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 60(6):598\u2013612","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"7151_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2016.5411","volume":"14","author":"XJ Yue","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yue XJ, Guo Y, Yang HJ, Feng ZW, Li T, Xu YM (2016) TGF-\u03b21 induces fibrosis in rat meningeal mesothelial cells via p38 signaling. Mol Med Rep 14(2):1709\u20131713","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"7151_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000141524.32142.53","volume":"56","author":"A Heep","year":"2004","unstructured":"Heep A, Stoffel-Wagner B, Bartmann P, Benseler S, Schaller C, Groneck P et al (2004) VEGF and TGF-\u03b21 are highly expressed in CSF of premature infants with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. Pediatr Res 56(5):768\u2013774","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"7151_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12115","volume":"40","author":"AJ Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jim\u00e9nez AJ, Rodr\u00edguez-P\u00e9rez LM, Dom\u00ednguez-Pinos MD, G\u00f3mez-Rold\u00e1n MC, Garc\u00eda-Bonilla M, Ho-Plagaro A et al (2014) TNF-\u03b1, but not TGF-\u03b21, correlates with severity of congenital hydrocephalus in the hyh mouse. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 40(7):911\u2013932","journal-title":"Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"7151_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-200102000-00007","volume":"21","author":"C Flood","year":"2001","unstructured":"Flood C, Akinwunmi J, Lagord C, Daniel M, Berry M, Jackowski A et al (2001) TGF-\u03b21 in CSF after subarachnoid hemorrhage: endogenous and exogenous sources. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 21(2):157\u2013162","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"7151_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1994.tb00278.x","volume":"6","author":"A Logan","year":"1994","unstructured":"Logan A, Berry M, Gonzalez AM, Frautschy SA, Sporn MB, Baird A (1994) Effects of TGF-\u03b21 on scar production in injured rat CNS. Eur J Neurosci 6(3):355\u2013363","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"7151_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.117.2.395","volume":"117","author":"D Lindholm","year":"1992","unstructured":"Lindholm D, Castr\u00e9n E, Kiefer R, Zafra F, Thoenen H (1992) TGF-\u03b21 in rat brain: increase after injury and inhibition of astrocyte proliferation. J Cell Biol 117(2):395\u2013400","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"7151_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199911000-00014","volume":"46","author":"A Whitelaw","year":"1999","unstructured":"Whitelaw A, Christie S, Pople I (1999) Transforming growth factor-\u03b21: a possible signal molecule in posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. Pediatr Res 46(5):576\u2013580","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"7151_CR27","first-page":"53","volume":"147","author":"T Wyss-Coray","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wyss-Coray T, Feng L, Masliah E, Ruppe MD, Lee HS, Toggas SM et al (1995) Overexpression of TGF-\u03b21 increases extracellular matrix components and leads to hydrocephalus in mice. Am J Pathol 147(1):53\u201367","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"7151_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.7","volume":"1","author":"AJ Copp","year":"2015","unstructured":"Copp AJ, Adzick NS, Chitty LS, Fletcher JM, Holmbeck GN, Shaw GM (2015) Spina bifida. Nat Rev Dis Primers 1:15007","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"2","key":"7151_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.5214\/ans.0972.7531.260205","volume":"26","author":"GS Miranpuri","year":"2019","unstructured":"Miranpuri GS, Nguyen J, Moreno N, Yutuc NA, Kim J, Buttar S et al (2019) Folic acid modulates MMP-9 expression after spinal cord injury. Ann Neurosci 26(2):60\u201365","journal-title":"Ann Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"7151_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901410303","volume":"141","author":"P Rakic","year":"1971","unstructured":"Rakic P (1971) Neuron\u2013glia relationship during granule cell migration in the developing cerebellum. J Comp Neurol 141(3):283\u2013312","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"issue":"9","key":"7151_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01939383","volume":"46","author":"ME Hatten","year":"1990","unstructured":"Hatten ME, Mason CA (1990) Mechanisms of glial-guided neuronal migration in vitro and in vivo. Experientia 46(9):907\u2013916","journal-title":"Experientia"},{"key":"7151_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.48964","volume":"9","author":"E Guillon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guillon E, Das D, J\u00fclich D, Hassan AR, Geller H, Holley SA (2020) Fibronectin influences and responds to mechanical forces during early spinal column development. Elife 9:e48964","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"9","key":"7151_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2020.7413","volume":"38","author":"LY Jin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jin LY, Li J, Wang KF, Xia WW, Zhu ZQ, Wang CR et al (2021) Blood\u2013spinal cord barrier in spinal cord injury: a review. J Neurotrauma 38(9):1203\u20131222","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"6","key":"7151_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.3.6.848","volume":"3","author":"CA Brenner","year":"1989","unstructured":"Brenner CA, Adler RR, Rappolee DA, Pedersen RA, Werb Z (1989) Metalloproteinase and TIMP genes are expressed during early mammalian development. Genes Dev 3(6):848\u2013859","journal-title":"Genes Dev"}],"container-title":["Child's Nervous System"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00381-026-07151-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00381-026-07151-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00381-026-07151-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T16:17:35Z","timestamp":1770221855000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00381-026-07151-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7151"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00381-026-07151-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1433-0350"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1433-0350","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"58"}}