{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T09:10:46Z","timestamp":1779527446664,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":140,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779494400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Faculdade De Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas Da Santa Casa De S\u00e3o Paulo"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Childs Nerv Syst"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are rare, complex conditions that often present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges\u2014especially when they coexist in pediatric patients. Though individually uncommon, their association raises important questions about shared developmental origins, systemic implications, and long-term outcomes. Understanding this relationship is crucial for improving early recognition, tailoring treatment strategies, and reducing morbidity and mortality in affected children. This systematic review and meta-analysis explored the relationship between AVMs and CHDs in the pediatric population, analyzing 139 studies published between 1971 and 2023. Together, these studies included data from 1042 patients. The co-occurrence of these two conditions highlights a potential interplay between cerebral and cardiac vascular development. By clarifying their association, this study aims to support earlier recognition, improve multidisciplinary management, and ultimately enhance clinical outcomes. The results revealed important patterns in how specific types and locations of AVMs relate to different forms of heart disease. AVMs located in infratentorial regions\u2014such as the brainstem and cerebellum\u2014were generally associated with lower risks of complications, while those in deep cerebral areas showed stronger links to adverse outcomes. Among the heart conditions evaluated, atrial septal defects (ASDs), cardiomyopathies, and high-output cardiac failure were most frequently associated with AVMs, suggesting overlapping embryologic and hemodynamic mechanisms. The most commonly reported complications included hydrocephalus, hemorrhage, and mortality. ROC curve analysis showed that mortality had the highest predictive value (AUC 0.62), followed by hydrocephalus (0.53) and hemorrhage (0.48). A composite risk model (AUC 0.59) suggested that combining clinical variables could improve prognostication. Neurological sequelae such as seizures, developmental delay, and microcephaly were frequent, particularly in hemorrhagic cases. Interestingly, in some patients, AVM treatment led to improvement in cardiac symptoms, suggesting a bidirectional relationship between cerebral and cardiac function. Despite variability in study quality, results were consistent across analyses, even when lower-quality studies were excluded. Most studies were rated moderate to high quality, though classification challenges were noted. Overall, the findings support a meaningful association between specific AVM and CHD subtypes and highlight the importance of early diagnosis and collaborative care involving multidisciplinary approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-026-07307-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T08:54:11Z","timestamp":1779526451000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The relation between cerebral arteriovenous malformations and heart diseases in the pediatric population: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Valentina","family":"Ponchio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reem","family":"Hussin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wassim","family":"Harati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Eduarda","family":"Gerhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernanda Boyadjian","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anas","family":"Hussin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernanda","family":"Fenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matheus Felipe","family":"de Souza Vasconcelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raphael","family":"Bertani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"7307_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ganz JC (2022) Chapter 6 - intracranial arteriovenous malformations. In: Ganz JC (ed) Progress in brain research, vol. 268, Issue 1. Elsevier, pp 75\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.10.027. (ISSN 0079\u20136123, ISBN 9780128235645)","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.10.027"},{"issue":"19","key":"7307_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1607407","volume":"376","author":"RA Solomon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Solomon RA, Connolly ES Jr (2017) Arteriovenous malformations of the brain. N Engl J Med 376(19):1859\u20131866. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra1607407","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"7307_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rutledge C, Cooke DL, Hetts SW, Abla AA (2021) Chapter 10 - brain arteriovenous malformations. In: Hetts SW, Cooke DL (eds) Handbook of clinical neurology, vol. 176, Elsevier, pp. 171\u2013178.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-444-64034-5.00020-1.\u00a0https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/B9780444640345000201, (ISSN 0072\u20139752, ISBN 9780444640345)","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-64034-5.00020-1"},{"issue":"3","key":"7307_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e3182181c00","volume":"69","author":"TE Darsaut","year":"2011","unstructured":"Darsaut TE, Guzman R, Marcellus ML, Edwards MS, Tian L, Do HM, Chang SD, Levy RP, Adler JR, Marks MP, Steinberg GK (2011) Management of pediatric intracranial arteriovenous malformations: experience with multimodality therapy. Neurosurgery 69(3):540\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/NEU.0b013e3182181c00","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"7307_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-024-02659-8","volume":"47","author":"H Hallak","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hallak H, Aljarayhi S, Abou-Al-Shaar H, Martini M, Michealcheck C, Elarjani T, Bin-Alamer O, Naik A, Aldahash H, Brinjikji W, Lawton M, Alotaibi N (2024) Diagnostic accuracy of arterial spin labeling MR imaging in detecting cerebral arteriovenous malformations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosurg Rev 47(1):492. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10143-024-02659-8","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"7307_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1986.65.4.0476","volume":"65","author":"RF Spetzler","year":"1986","unstructured":"Spetzler RF, Martin NA (1986) A proposed grading system for arteriovenous malformations. J Neurosurg 65(4):476\u2013483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1986.65.4.0476","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"3","key":"7307_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.8.JNS10663","volume":"114","author":"RF Spetzler","year":"2011","unstructured":"Spetzler RF, Ponce FA (2011) A 3-tier classification of cerebral arteriovenous malformations: clinical article. J Neurosurg 114(3):842\u2013849. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2010.8.JNS10663","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"17","key":"7307_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.124.036458","volume":"13","author":"CK Fox","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fox CK, Kamel H (2024) Congenital heart disease, atrial fibrillation, and ischemic stroke risk. J Am Heart Assoc 13(17):e036458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/JAHA.124.036458","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"7307_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-05822013000200017","volume":"31","author":"RCM Rosa","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rosa RCM, Rosa RFM, Zen PRG, Paskulin GA (2013) Cardiopatias cong\u00eanitas e malforma\u00e7\u00f5es extracard\u00edacas. Rev Paul Pediatr 31(2):243\u2013251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/S0103-05822013000200017","journal-title":"Rev Paul Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"7307_CR10","first-page":"377","volume":"9","author":"S Uemura","year":"1981","unstructured":"Uemura S, Takamoto K, Matsukado Y, Ishibashi K (1981) [Arteriovenous malformation associated with congenital heart disease, with a remark on accompanying cardiopulmonary dysfunction (author\u2019s transl)]. No Shinkei Geka 9(3):377\u201383","journal-title":"No Shinkei Geka"},{"issue":"1","key":"7307_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01652-9","volume":"8","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Xiong W, Li C, Zhao R, Lu H, Song S, Zhou Y, Hu Y, Shi B, Ge J (2023) Hypoxia-induced signaling in the cardiovascular system: pathogenesis and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 8(1):431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-023-01652-9","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"issue":"12","key":"7307_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9993(94)90283-6","volume":"75","author":"DM Clinchot","year":"1994","unstructured":"Clinchot DM, Kaplan P, Murray DM, Pease WS (1994) Cerebral aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations: implications for rehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 75(12):1342\u20131351","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"7307_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1059576","volume":"14","author":"K Schwechheimer","year":"1983","unstructured":"Schwechheimer K, K\u00fchl G (1983) Arteriovenous angioma of the Vein of Galen causing cardiac failure in the neonate. Report on clinical and pathological findings in two cases. Neuropediatrics 14(3):184\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2008-1059576","journal-title":"Neuropediatrics"},{"key":"7307_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02390104","volume":"13","author":"GS Needell","year":"1983","unstructured":"Needell GS, Brewer WH, Kodroff MB et al (1983) Midline cerebral arterio-venous anomalies: ultrasound diagnosis. Pediatr Radiol 13:72\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02390104","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"7307_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Swischuk LE, Crowe JE, Mewborne EJ Jr. (1977) Large Vein of Galen aneurysms in the neonate. A constellation of diagnostic chest and neck radiologic findings. Pediatr Radiol 6(1):4\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00973807","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00973807"},{"issue":"8","key":"7307_CR16","first-page":"7","volume":"9","author":"CW Wiggins","year":"1991","unstructured":"Wiggins CW, Loisel D, Budock AM (1991) Intracranial arteriovenous malformation in a neonate: aneurysm of the Great Vein of Galen. Neonatal Netw 9(8):7\u201317","journal-title":"Neonatal Netw"},{"issue":"4","key":"7307_CR17","first-page":"339","volume":"51","author":"O Takemoto","year":"1999","unstructured":"Takemoto O, Morimoto K, Wakayama A, Wada K, Iitani H, Inamura N, Nishikawa M (1999) [Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation: multi-staged feeder clipping in two neonatal cases with intractable heart failure]. No To Shinkei 51(4):339\u2013344","journal-title":"No To Shinkei"},{"issue":"9","key":"7307_CR18","first-page":"671","volume":"14","author":"M Marasini","year":"1984","unstructured":"Marasini M, Ribaldone D, Panizzon G, Lazzaroni F, Taccone A, Garello Cantoni L (1984) Grave insufficienza cardiaca neonatale da fistola artero-venosa della vena di Galeno. Considerazioni emodinamiche a proposito di 3 casi clinici [Severe neonatal cardiac insufficiency due to arteriovenous fistula of the vein of Galen]. G Ital Cardiol 14(9):671\u2013677","journal-title":"G Ital Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7307_CR19","first-page":"57","volume":"27","author":"M Gonz\u00e1lez-Ripoll","year":"1987","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Ripoll M, Guzm\u00e1n JM, Alvarez J, Herrera N, Ariz\u00f3n JM, Ostos J (1987) Insuficiencia cardiaca neonatal secundaria a aneurisma de la vena de Galeno. Diagn\u00f3stico prenatal, a prop\u00f3sito de un caso [Neonatal heart failure secondary to an aneurysm of the vein of Galen. Prenatal diagnosis apropos of a case]. An Esp Pediatr 27(1):57\u201358","journal-title":"An Esp Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"7307_CR20","first-page":"57","volume":"25","author":"MA Ronderos","year":"1986","unstructured":"Ronderos MA, Herraiz Sarachaga JI, Barrio Corrales F, Berm\u00fadez Ca\u00f1ete R, Gonzales Diegues MC, Flores Vicente JC, Quero Jim\u00e9nez M (1986) F\u00edstula arteriovenosa cerebral como causa de insuficiencia cardiaca neonatal. Presentaci\u00f3n de tres casos [Cerebral arteriovenous fistula as a cause of neonatal cardiac insufficiency. Presentation of 3 cases]. An Esp Pediatr 25(1):57\u201362","journal-title":"An Esp Pediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"7307_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1034504","volume":"189","author":"A Beitzke","year":"1977","unstructured":"Beitzke A, Zach M, Gypser G, Schreyer H (1977) Zerebrale AV-Fistel mit Herzinsuffizienz im Neugeborenenalter [Cerebral AV fistula with cardiac insufficiency in newborns (author\u2019s transl)]. Klin Padiatr 189(5):385\u201391","journal-title":"Klin Padiatr"},{"issue":"11","key":"7307_CR22","first-page":"785","volume":"16","author":"RM Reif","year":"1980","unstructured":"Reif RM (1980) Arteriovenous aneurysm of the Vein of Galen combined with coarctation of the aorta in a newborn. Isr J Med Sci 16(11):785\u20136","journal-title":"Isr J Med Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"7307_CR23","first-page":"726","volume":"137","author":"J Breuer","year":"1989","unstructured":"Breuer J, Schmaltz AA, Barth H, Steil E, Grunert D, Petersen D, Hassler WE, Apitz J (1989) Aneurysma der Vena Galeni als m\u00f6gliche Ursache f\u00fcr eine kongestive Herzinsuffizienz: Bericht \u00fcber 5 neue F\u00e4lle [Aneurysm of the vein of Galen as a possible cause of congestive heart failure: a report of 5 new cases]. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 137(11):726\u201332","journal-title":"Monatsschr Kinderheilkd"},{"issue":"8","key":"7307_CR24","first-page":"677","volume":"43","author":"M Ghram","year":"1988","unstructured":"Ghram M, Trabelsi M, Hammou-Jeddi A, Bardi I, Laouati M, Touibi S, Bennaceur B, Gharbi HA (1988) Insuffisance cardiaque secondaire \u00e0 une malformation art\u00e9rio-veineuse de la r\u00e9gion de l\u2019ampoule de Galien. Traitement par embolisation endovasculaire [Cardiac failure caused by arteriovenous malformation in the area of Galen\u2019s vein. Treatment by endovascular embolization]. P\u00e9diatrie 43(8):677\u201382","journal-title":"P\u00e9diatrie"},{"issue":"5","key":"7307_CR25","first-page":"637","volume":"91","author":"H Bouvaist","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bouvaist H, Rossignol AM, Rocca C, Andrini P, Durand C, Bost M (1998) An\u00e9vrisme de l\u2019ampoule de Galien et insuffisance cardiaque. Attitude th\u00e9rapeutique actuelle [Aneurysm of the vein of Galen and cardiac insufficiency. Current therapeutic approach]. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 91(5):637\u201343","journal-title":"Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss"},{"issue":"4","key":"7307_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1992.11.4.177","volume":"11","author":"MB Koven","year":"1992","unstructured":"Koven MB, Cohen HL, Goldman MA (1992) Case of the day 2: fetal intracranial AVM presenting as enlarged cardiac chamber. J Ultrasound Med 11(4):177","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"7307_CR27","first-page":"435","volume":"3","author":"DA Cubberley","year":"1982","unstructured":"Cubberley DA, Jaffe RB, Nixon GW (1982) Sonographic demonstration of Galenic arteriovenous malformations in the neonate. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 3(4):435\u20139","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"7307_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1971.34.6.0818","volume":"34","author":"JR Taylor","year":"1971","unstructured":"Taylor JR, Bell WE, Graf CJ (1971) Cerebrovascular malformation in childhood presenting with cardiomegaly: case report. J Neurosurg 34(6):818\u2013822. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1971.34.6.0818","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"3","key":"7307_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00717889","volume":"3","author":"PA Pellegrino","year":"1987","unstructured":"Pellegrino PA, Milanesi O, Saia OS, Carollo C (1987) Congestive heart failure secondary to cerebral arterio-venous fistula. Childs Nerv Syst 3(3):141\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00717889","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"7307_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.15274\/NRJ-2014-10106","volume":"28","author":"MW Wagner","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wagner MW, Vaught AJ, Poretti A, Blakemore KJ, Huisman TA (2015) Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation: prognostic markers depicted on fetal MRI. Neuroradiol J 28(1):72\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15274\/NRJ-2014-10106","journal-title":"Neuroradiol J"},{"issue":"1","key":"7307_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1090457","volume":"17","author":"AD Bartal","year":"1974","unstructured":"Bartal AD, Schiffer JM, Goodwin DR (1974) Excision of arteriovenous malformation of the vein of Galen complicated by congestive heart failure excision d\u2019une malformation de la veine de Galien compliqu\u00e9e d\u2019une l\u00e9sion cardiaque. Minim Invasive Neurosurg 17(1):16\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0028-1090457","journal-title":"Minim Invasive Neurosurg"},{"issue":"4","key":"7307_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S1875-9572(10)60047-2","volume":"51","author":"MY Chen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chen MY, Liu HM, Weng WC, Peng SF, Wu ET, Chiu SN (2010) Neonate with severe heart failure related to vein of Galen malformation. Pediatr Neonatol 51(4):245\u2013248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1875-9572(10)60047-2","journal-title":"Pediatr Neonatol"},{"key":"7307_CR33","unstructured":"Mitchell PJ, Rosenfeld JV, Dargaville P, Loughnan P, Ditchfield MR, Frawley G, Tress BM (2021) Endovascular management of vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations presenting in the neonatal period. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 22(7):1403\u20139. PMID: 11498438; PMCID: PMC7975195."},{"issue":"7","key":"7307_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-009-1063-8","volume":"26","author":"GG Heuer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Heuer GG, Gabel B, Beslow LA, Stiefel MF, Schwartz ES, Storm PB, Ichord RN, Hurst RW (2010) Diagnosis and treatment of vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations. Childs Nerv Syst 26(7):879\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00381-009-1063-8","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"2","key":"7307_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.64.2.238","volume":"64","author":"RP Knudson","year":"1979","unstructured":"Knudson RP, Alden ER (1979) Symptomatic arteriovenous malformation in infants less than 6 months of age. Pediatrics 64(2):238\u2013241","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"7307_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-023-01537-1","volume":"49","author":"F Landolfo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Landolfo F, Giliberti P, De Rose DU, Pugnaloni F, Santisi A, Columbo C, Martini L, Ronchetti MP, Di Chiara L, Toscano A, Gandolfo C, Dotta A, Capolupo I (2023) Use of levosimendan in hemodynamic management of heart failure in two neonates with intracranial arteriovenous shunts: a case series. Ital J Pediatr 49(1):141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13052-023-01537-1","journal-title":"Ital J Pediatr"},{"key":"7307_CR37","unstructured":"Schranz D, J\u00fcngst BK, Golla G, Schuind A, Vogel K, Schmitt T, Zimmer B, Huth R, Stopfkuchen H (1988) Kongestive Herzinsuffizienz bei einem Neugeborenen mit arterioven\u00f6ser Malformation der Vena Galeni: Diagnose mittels farbkodierter Doppler-Bild-Echographie [Congestive heart failure in a newborn infant with arteriovenous malformation of the vein of Galen: diagnosis using color-coded Doppler image echography]. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd. 136(1):47\u20139. German. PMID: 3352614."},{"issue":"6","key":"7307_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.42.6.738","volume":"42","author":"K Lillquist","year":"1979","unstructured":"Lillquist K, Haase J, Thayssen P (1979) Operative treatment of cerebral arteriovenous aneurysm of Vein of Galen complicated by congestive heart failure. Br Heart J 42(6):738\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/hrt.42.6.738","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"issue":"10","key":"7307_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1177\/000331977702801004","volume":"28","author":"M Berant","year":"1977","unstructured":"Berant M, Tadmor R, Blieden L, Deutsch V, Neufeld HN (1977) Cerebral arteriovenous fistula causing congestive heart failure in infancy. Angiology 28(10):684\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/000331977702801004","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"7307_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.10.005","volume":"38","author":"M Cully","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cully M (2020) Spontaneous brain arteriovenous malformation rupture with atrioventricular block in a pediatric patient. Am J Emerg Med 38(2):409.e1-409.e3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.10.005","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"7307_CR41","first-page":"193","volume":"22","author":"T Hortob\u00e1gyi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hortob\u00e1gyi T, Sz\u00fcts A, Csenki M, Harkany T, Z\u00e1dor Z, Katona M, B\u00f3di I (2003) Vein of Galen malformation combined with atrial septal defect in a neonate. Clin Neuropathol 22(4):193\u20138","journal-title":"Clin Neuropathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"7307_CR42","first-page":"207","volume":"63","author":"FT Amaral","year":"1994","unstructured":"Amaral FT, Machado HR, Almeida S (1994) F\u00edstula arteriovenosa cerebral cong\u00eanita. Peculiaridade diagn\u00f3stica e corre\u00e7\u00e3o cir\u00fargica em lactente com insufici\u00eancia card\u00edaca [Congenital cerebral arteriovenous fistula. Diagnostic peculiarity and surgical repair in an infant with heart failure]. Arq Bras Cardiol 63(3):207\u20139","journal-title":"Arq Bras Cardiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"7307_CR43","first-page":"1193","volume":"25","author":"P Costa","year":"2006","unstructured":"Costa P, Carri\u00e7o A, Monterroso J, Mateus M, Guerra C, Areias JC (2006) Vein of Galen arteriovenous malformation: a rare cause of heart failure. Rev Port Cardiol 25(12):1193\u20135","journal-title":"Rev Port Cardiol"},{"key":"7307_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00540258","volume":"142","author":"G Nielsen","year":"1984","unstructured":"Nielsen G (1984) Arteriovenous malformations as a cause of congestive heart failure in the newborn and infant. Eur J Pediatr 142:298\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00540258","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"7307_CR45","first-page":"839","volume":"19","author":"D Oelsnitz","year":"1964","unstructured":"Oelsnitz D, Martin J, Duplay J, Taramasco H, Deswarte M, Vaillant JM, Ali S (1964) A PROPOS DE DEUX OBSERVATIONS DE COMMUNICATION ART\u2019ERIO-VEINEUSE INTRA-CR ANIENNE CHEZ LE NOURRISSON [Apropos of 2 cases of intracranial arteriovenous fistula in infants]. P\u00e9diatrie 19:839\u201344","journal-title":"P\u00e9diatrie"},{"key":"7307_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2012-006289","volume":"2012","author":"MI Mascarenhas","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mascarenhas MI, Moniz M, Ferreira S, Goul\u00e3o A, Barroso R (2012) High-output heart failure in a newborn. BMJ Case Rep 2012:bcr2012006289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2012-006289","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"7307_CR47","first-page":"75","volume":"39","author":"VV Vladiuk","year":"1977","unstructured":"Vladiuk VV, Borzunov LM (1977) Slozhny\u012d porok razvitiia sosudov golovnogo mozga s kardiomegalie\u012d [Congenital defects of the cerebral vessels associated with cardiomegaly]. Arkh Patol 39(8):75\u20137","journal-title":"Arkh Patol"},{"issue":"3","key":"7307_CR48","first-page":"167","volume":"42","author":"J Salazar","year":"1987","unstructured":"Salazar J, Eiras J, Mengual J, Felipe J, Carcavilla LI, Garc\u00eda MD (1987) An\u00e9vrisme de la veine de Galien avec insuffisance cardiaque n\u00e9o-natale. Succ\u00e8s du traitement neurochirurgical pr\u00e9coce [Aneurysm of the vein of Galen with neonatal cardiac insufficiency. Success of early neurosurgical treatment]. P\u00e9diatrie 42(3):167\u201370","journal-title":"P\u00e9diatrie"},{"issue":"3","key":"7307_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcped.2019.02.004","volume":"26","author":"W Kojmane","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kojmane W, Hmami F, Atmani S (2019) An unusual cause of cardiac failure in a neonate. Arch Pediatr 26(3):176\u2013178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arcped.2019.02.004","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr"},{"issue":"12","key":"7307_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.51305","volume":"15","author":"K Bhattarai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bhattarai K, Patel M, Garcia M, Litra F (2023) Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation: a case report and literature review. Cureus 15(12):e51305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.51305","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"2","key":"7307_CR51","first-page":"151","volume":"11","author":"JM P\u00e9rez de la Cruz","year":"1978","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez de la Cruz JM, Roca Llop J (1978) F\u00edstula arteriovenosa cerebral [Congenital brain arteriovenous shunt. Cardiological aspects (author\u2019s transl)]. An Esp Pediatr 11(2):151\u20136","journal-title":"An Esp Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"7307_CR52","first-page":"72","volume":"200","author":"R Goelz","year":"1996","unstructured":"Goelz R, Mielke G, Gonser M, Sch\u00f6ning M, Steil E, Bien S, Speer CP (1996) Vena-Galeni-Malformation: Pr\u00e4natale Diagnostik und nichtinvasives Vorgehen [Vein of Galen malformation: prenatal diagnosis and noninvasive procedure]. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 200(2):72\u20135","journal-title":"Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"7307_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1991.10.7.361","volume":"10","author":"CH Comstock","year":"1991","unstructured":"Comstock CH, Kirk JS (1991) Arteriovenous malformations. Locations and evolution in the fetal brain. J Ultrasound Med 10(7):361\u2013365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7863\/jum.1991.10.7.361","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"7307_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.51.2.297","volume":"51","author":"RA Meyer","year":"1975","unstructured":"Meyer RA, Stockert J, Kaplan S (1975) Echographic determination of left ventricular volumes in pediatric patients. Circulation 51(2):297\u2013303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.cir.51.2.297","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"7307_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00706694","volume":"1","author":"J Eiras","year":"1985","unstructured":"Eiras J, Carcavilla LI, Gomez J et al (1985) Surgical treatment of an aneurysm of the vein of Galen in a newborn with heart failure. Childs Nerv Syst 1:126\u2013129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00706694","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"7307_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7363\/090126","volume":"9","author":"MC Abreu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abreu MC, Pinto J, Rocha G, Garcia M, do Bom-Sucesso M, Madureira AM, Guimar\u00e3es H (2020) Arteriovenous malformations in the neonatal period: case report and literature review. Journal of Pediatric and Neonatal Individualized Medicine (JPNIM) 9(1):e090126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7363\/090126","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric and Neonatal Individualized Medicine (JPNIM)"},{"issue":"6","key":"7307_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.case.2017.07.010","volume":"1","author":"AL Hewitt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hewitt AL, Morrical BD, Cetta F (2017) Cerebral arteriovenous malformation detected by newborn congenital heart disease screen with echocardiography. CASE 1(6):242\u2013244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.case.2017.07.010","journal-title":"CASE"},{"issue":"2","key":"7307_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1159\/000446432","volume":"41","author":"ME Godfrey","year":"2017","unstructured":"Godfrey ME, Tworetzky W, Morash D, Friedman KG (2017) Cardiac findings in the fetus with cerebral arteriovenous malformation are associated with adverse outcome. Fetal Diagn Ther 41(2):108\u2013114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000446432","journal-title":"Fetal Diagn Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"7307_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-022-02064-1","volume":"93","author":"MJ Cory","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cory MJ, Durand P, Sillero R, Morin L, Savani R, Chalak L, Angelis D (2023) Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation: rationalizing medical management of neonatal heart failure. Pediatr Res 93(1):39\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41390-022-02064-1","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"7307_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.4103\/apc.APC_203_20","volume":"14","author":"N Dutta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dutta N, Das D, Govindappa RM, Das P, Koley R, Sharma MK, Chattopadhyay A, Ghosh S (2021) A case of partial anomalous systemic venous drainage and perioperative detection of cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Ann Pediatr Cardiol 14(2):244\u2013246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/apc.APC_203_20","journal-title":"Ann Pediatr Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"7307_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2011.01371.x","volume":"28","author":"K Brandon","year":"2011","unstructured":"Brandon K, Burrows P, Hess C, Metry D (2011) Arteriovenous malformation: a rare manifestation of PHACE syndrome. Pediatr Dermatol 28(2):180\u2013184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2011.01371.x","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"7307_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02238414","volume":"12","author":"J Hegesh","year":"1991","unstructured":"Hegesh J, Kuint J, Frand M, Setton A, Tadmor R, Nass D, Kaplinsky E, Motro M (1991) Cerebral arteriovenous malformation diagnosis by two-dimensional color-coded Doppler ultrasonography of the head. Pediatr Cardiol 12(2):107\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02238414","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"7307_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1080\/01443615.2021.2012439","volume":"42","author":"G Turkyilmaz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Turkyilmaz G, Arisoy R, Turkyilmaz S, Erdogdu E, Semiz A (2022) The outcome of the vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation cases diagnosed prenatally. J Obstet Gynaecol 42(5):1137\u20131141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01443615.2021.2012439","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"8","key":"7307_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-002-1381-8","volume":"28","author":"L Chevret","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chevret L, Durand P, Alvarez H, Lambert V, Caeymax L, Rodesch G, Devictor D, Lasjaunias P (2002) Severe cardiac failure in newborns with VGAM. Prognosis significance of hemodynamic parameters in neonates presenting with severe heart failure owing to vein of Galen arteriovenous malformation. Intensive Care Med 28(8):1126\u20131130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-002-1381-8","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"7307_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0b013e3182225679","volume":"27","author":"C Merritt","year":"2011","unstructured":"Merritt C, Feit LR, Valente JH (2011) A neonate with high-outflow congestive heart failure and pulmonary hypertension due to an intracranial arteriovenous malformation. Pediatr Emerg Care 27(7):645\u2013648. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PEC.0b013e3182225679","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"key":"7307_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Crawford JM, Rossitch E Jr, Oakes WJ, Alexander E 3rd (1990) Arteriovenous malformation of the great vein of Galen associated with patent ductus arteriosus. Report of three cases and review of the literature. Childs Nerv Syst 6(1):18\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00262260","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00262260"},{"issue":"1","key":"7307_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-985836","volume":"221","author":"H Eberhardt","year":"2009","unstructured":"Eberhardt H, Herterich R (2009) Management und Outcome der Vena-Galeni-Malformation im Kindesalter [Management and outcome of vein of Galen malformation in childhood]. Klin Padiatr 221(1):6\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2007-985836","journal-title":"Klin Padiatr"},{"key":"7307_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-011-0860-4","volume":"54","author":"D Meila","year":"2012","unstructured":"Meila D, Hannak R, Feldkamp A et al (2012) Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation: combined transvenous and transarterial method using a \u201ckissing microcatheter technique.\u201d Neuroradiology 54:51\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00234-011-0860-4","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"7307_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e284","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-0747","volume":"134","author":"D Grieb","year":"2014","unstructured":"Grieb D, Feldkamp A, Lang T, Melter M, Stroszczynski C, Brassel F, Meila D (2014) Caroli disease associated with vein of Galen malformation in a male child. Pediatrics 134(1):e284-8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2013-0747","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"7307_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.49.2.157","volume":"49","author":"RL Stanbridge","year":"1983","unstructured":"Stanbridge RL, Westaby S, Smallhorn J, Taylor JF (1983) Intracranial arteriovenous malformation with aneurysm of the Vein of Galen as cause of heart failure in infancy. Echocardiographic diagnosis and results of treatment. Br Heart J 49(2):157\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/hrt.49.2.157","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"issue":"1","key":"7307_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1159\/000534132","volume":"121","author":"S Schwarz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Schwarz S, Brevis Nu\u00f1ez F, D\u00fcrr NR, Schlunz-Hendann M, Brassel F, Felderhoff-M\u00fcser U, Dohna-Schwake C, Bruns N (2024) Aortic steal correlates with acute organ dysfunction and short-term outcomes in neonates with Vein of Galen malformation. Neonatology 121(1):106\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000534132","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"issue":"9","key":"7307_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1220795","volume":"26","author":"RM Cerbo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cerbo RM, Cabano R, Radicioni M, Stronati M (2009) Cerebral arteriovenous shunts regression in two preterm newborns with heart failure in utero. Am J Perinatol 26(9):637\u2013639. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0029-1220795","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"7307_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00796988","volume":"14","author":"ME McConnell","year":"1993","unstructured":"McConnell ME, Aronin P, Vitek JJ (1993) Congestive heart failure in neonates due to intracranial arteriovenous malformation: endovascular treatment. Pediatr Cardiol 14(2):102\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00796988","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"7307_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2019.10.090","volume":"218","author":"L Giorgi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Giorgi L, Durand P, Morin L, Miatello J, Merchaoui Z, Lambert V, Boithias C, Senat MV, Stos B, Maurey H, Adamsbaum C, Tissi\u00e8res P, Saliou G, Spelle L, Ozanne A (2020) Management and outcomes of neonatal arteriovenous brain malformations with cardiac failure: a 17 years\u2019 experience in a tertiary referral center. J Pediatr 218:85-91.e2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2019.10.090","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"7307_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1972.36.3.0249","volume":"36","author":"S Cronqvist","year":"1972","unstructured":"Cronqvist S, Granholm L, Lundstr\u00f6m NR (1972) Hydrocephalus and congestive heart failure caused by intracranial arteriovenous malformations in infants. J Neurosurg 36(3):249\u2013254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1972.36.3.0249","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"8263","key":"7307_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(82)90235-5","volume":"1","author":"RW Jones","year":"1982","unstructured":"Jones RW, Allan LD, Tynan MJ, Joseph MC (1982) Ultrasound diagnosis of cerebral arteriovenous malformation in the newborn. Lancet 1(8263):102\u2013103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(82)90235-5","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"7307_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1966.25.2.0159","volume":"25","author":"CP Carroll","year":"1966","unstructured":"Carroll CP, Jakoby RK (1966) Neonatal congestive heart failure as the presenting symptom of cerebral arteriovenous malformation. J Neurosurg 25(2):159\u2013163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1966.25.2.0159","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"7307_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00817613","volume":"15","author":"RF Covert","year":"1994","unstructured":"Covert RF (1994) Response to prostaglandin E1 in neonates with intracranial arteriovenous malformation treated for suspected congenital heart disease. Pediatr Cardiol 15(2):81\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00817613","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"7307_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.98.3.653","volume":"98","author":"JS Lehman","year":"1966","unstructured":"Lehman JS, Chynn K-Y, Hagstrom JW, Steinberg I (1966) Heart failure in infancy due to arteriovenous malformation of the Vein of Galen. AJR Am J Roentgenol 98(3):653\u2013659. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2214\/ajr.98.3.653","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"3","key":"7307_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000001095","volume":"125","author":"A Smith","year":"2016","unstructured":"Smith A, Abruzzo T, Mahmoud M (2016) Vein of Galen malformation and high-output cardiac failure. Anesthesiology 125(3):597. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ALN.0000000000001095","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"7307_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/0387-7604(95)00127-1","volume":"18","author":"T Hayashi","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hayashi T, Ichiyama T, Nishikawa M, Furukawa S, Kashiwagi S, Kondoh O, Mito H, Tsuha M (1996) A case of large neonatal arteriovenous malformation with heart failure. color Doppler sonography, MRI and MR angiography as early non-invasive diagnostic procedures. Brain Dev 18(3):236\u2013238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0387-7604(95)00127-1","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"issue":"8","key":"7307_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7210773","volume":"22","author":"SH Jee","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jee SH, Grow JL, Faix RG (2002) Intraparenchymal brain hemorrhage and remote soft tissue arteriovenous malformation in a newborn infant. J Perinatol 22(8):664\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.jp.7210773","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"7307_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24873","volume":"81","author":"G Saliou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Saliou G, Vraka I, Teglas JP, Senat MV, Durand P, Colmant C, Ozanne A, Martinovic J, Tissiere P, Adamsbaum C (2017) Pseudofeeders on fetal magnetic resonance imaging predict outcome in Vein of Galen malformations. Ann Neurol 81(2):278\u2013286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.24873","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"7307_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25478","volume":"46","author":"LX Zhou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhou LX, Dong SZ, Zhang MF (2017) Diagnosis of Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation using fetal MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 46(5):1535\u20131539. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmri.25478","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"7307_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Reig AS, Simon SD, Neblett WW 3rd, Mericle RA (2010) Eight-year follow-up after palliative embolization of a neonatal intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula with high-output heart failure: management strategies for symptomatic fistula growth and bilateral femoral occlusions in pediatric patients. J Neurosurg Pediatr 6(6):553\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2010.9.PEDS10185","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.9.PEDS10185"},{"issue":"2","key":"7307_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0b013e32834382bd","volume":"23","author":"D Bagdure","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bagdure D, Bartakian S, Kaufman J (2011) Coarctation of aorta and Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation in a neonate. Curr Opin Pediatr 23(2):249\u2013252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MOP.0b013e32834382bd","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"7307_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e231","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.123.043421","volume":"54","author":"DB Orbach","year":"2023","unstructured":"Orbach DB, Wilkins-Haug LE, Benson CB, Tworetzky W, Rangwala SD, Guseh SH, Gately NK, Stout JN, Mizrahi-Arnaud A, See AP (2023) Transuterine ultrasound-guided fetal embolization of Vein of Galen malformation, eliminating postnatal pathophysiology. Stroke 54(6):e231\u2013e232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.123.043421","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"5","key":"7307_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e3182417be3","volume":"70","author":"A Berenstein","year":"2012","unstructured":"Berenstein A, Fifi JT, Niimi Y, Presti S, Ortiz R, Ghatan S, Rosenn B, Sorscher M, Molofsky W (2012) Vein of Galen malformations in neonates: new management paradigms for improving outcomes. Neurosurgery 70(5):1207\u20131213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/NEU.0b013e3182417be3","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"4","key":"7307_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00540258","volume":"142","author":"G Nielsen","year":"1984","unstructured":"Nielsen G (1984) Arteriovenous malformations as a cause of congestive heart failure in the newborn and infant. Three cases with different haemodynamic mechanisms. Eur J Pediatr 142(4):298\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00540258","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"8","key":"7307_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-016-3097-z","volume":"32","author":"KA Foster","year":"2016","unstructured":"Foster KA, Ares WJ, Tempel ZJ, McCormick AA, Panigrahy A, Grunwaldt LJ, Greene S (2016) PHACE syndrome is associated with intracranial cavernous malformations. Childs Nerv Syst 32(8):1463\u20131469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00381-016-3097-z","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"4","key":"7307_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1770356","volume":"85","author":"G Borges de Almeida","year":"2024","unstructured":"Borges de Almeida G, Pamplona J, Baptista M, Carvalho R, Concei\u00e7\u00e3o C, Lopes da Silva R, Sagarribay A, Reis J, Fragata I (2024) Endovascular treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations in pediatric patients: a single center experience and review of the literature. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg 85(4):361\u2013370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0043-1770356","journal-title":"J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"7307_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1001849","volume":"54","author":"G Fritsch","year":"1986","unstructured":"Fritsch G, Ladurner G, Schneider G (1986) Zerebrovaskul\u00e4re Krankheiten im Kindesalter - Atiologie, Klinik und Prognose [Cerebrovascular diseases in childhood - etiology, clinical aspects and prognosis]. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 54(2):47\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2007-1001849","journal-title":"Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr"},{"key":"7307_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02446894","volume":"31","author":"H Hirsim\u00e4ki","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hirsim\u00e4ki H, Kero P, Sepp\u00e4l\u00e4 T et al (1993) Mean or maximum velocity using pulsed Doppler ultrasound in determination of Doppler-derived cardiac output in the newborn infant. Med Biol Eng Comput 31:58\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02446894","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng Comput"},{"issue":"3","key":"7307_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.62596","volume":"188","author":"I Valenzuela","year":"2022","unstructured":"Valenzuela I, Guill\u00e9n Ben\u00edtez E, Sanchez-Montanez A, Limeres J, L\u00f3pez-Grondona F, Cusc\u00f3 I, Tizzano EF (2022) Vein of Galen aneurysm, dilated cardiomyopathy, and slender habitus in a patient with a recurrent pathogenic variant in PACS2. Am J Med Genet A 188(3):991\u2013995. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajmg.a.62596","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet A"},{"issue":"1","key":"7307_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13019-018-0758-x","volume":"13","author":"AF Elmahrouk","year":"2018","unstructured":"Elmahrouk AF, Helal A, Ismail MF, Hamouda T, Mashali M, Jamjoom AA, Al-Ata JA (2018) Isolated right superior vena cava draining into the left atrium in a child with vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation-case report. J Cardiothorac Surg 13(1):66. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13019-018-0758-x","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"7307_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-012-1088-7","volume":"55","author":"F Brevis Nu\u00f1ez","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brevis Nu\u00f1ez F, Tschiedel E, Felderhoff-Mueser U, Neudorf U, Chapot R, Dohna-Schwake C (2013) Neurogenic stunned myocardium after embolization in two children with vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation. Neuroradiology 55(2):213\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00234-012-1088-7","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"7307_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2023.113404","volume":"258","author":"J Khurana","year":"2023","unstructured":"Khurana J, Orbach DB, Gauvreau K, Collins SL, Tella JB, Agrawal PB, Christou HA, Mullen MP (2023) Pulmonary hypertension in infants and children with vein of Galen malformation and association with clinical outcomes. J Pediatr 258:113404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2023.113404","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"7307_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-024-06352-5","volume":"40","author":"GW Thrash","year":"2024","unstructured":"Thrash GW, Hale AT, Feldman MJ, Saccomano BW, Barrett DJ, Malenkia PD, Das S, Tsemo GB, Blount JP, Rocque BG, Rozzelle CJ, Johnston JM, Jones JG (2024) Pediatric non-Galenic pial arteriovenous fistula\u2019s characteristics and outcomes: a systematic review. Childs Nerv Syst 40(6):1721\u20131729. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00381-024-06352-5","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"7307_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-021-01297-y","volume":"42","author":"A Mendez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mendez A, Codsi E, Gonzalez Barlatay F, Lapointe A, Raboisson MJ (2022) Pulmonary hypertension associated with vein of Galen malformation. Fetal cardiac hemodynamic findings and physiological considerations. J Perinatol 42(1):143\u2013148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41372-021-01297-y","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"7307_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-011-9990-z","volume":"32","author":"PL Balakrishnan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Balakrishnan PL, Guleserian KJ, Schuster J, Blalock SE (2011) Congenital arteriovenous malformation between the subclavian artery and superior vena cava presenting in neonatal heart failure. Pediatr Cardiol 32(8):1204\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00246-011-9990-z","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"7307_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5869.754","volume":"2","author":"S Davidson","year":"1973","unstructured":"Davidson S, Falconer MA (1973) Cerebral arteriovenous malformation causing cardiac enlargement and epilepsy: correction after operation. Br Med J 2:754. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.2.5869.754","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"issue":"11","key":"7307_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.14165","volume":"35","author":"J Relan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Relan J, Gupta SK, Saxena A (2018) Right superior caval vein to the left atrium in a child with vein of Galen malformation. Echocardiography 35(11):1868\u20131871. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/echo.14165","journal-title":"Echocardiography"},{"key":"7307_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2022.04.006","volume":"131","author":"MC Cornet","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cornet MC, Li Y, Simmons RL, Baker A, Fullerton HJ, Hetts SW, Glass HC (2022) Outcome of neonates presenting with severe cardiac failure due to cerebral arteriovenous fistula. Pediatr Neurol 131:25\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2022.04.006","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"7307_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5273(91)90213-9","volume":"31","author":"C Melville","year":"1991","unstructured":"Melville C, Walsh K, Sreeram N (1991) Cerebral arteriovenous malformations in the neonate: clinical presentation, diagnosis and outcome. Int J Cardiol 31(2):175\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0167-5273(91)90213-9","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"14","key":"7307_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2384","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2019.1665013","volume":"34","author":"C Spada","year":"2021","unstructured":"Spada C, Pietrella E, Caramaschi E, Bergonzini P, Berardi A, Lucaccioni L, Iughetti L (2021) Heart failure caused by VGAM: a lesson for diagnosis and treatment from a case and literature review. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 34(14):2384\u20132390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14767058.2019.1665013","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"7307_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.6.PEDS13110","volume":"12","author":"PJ Madsen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Madsen PJ, Lang SS, Pisapia JM, Storm PB, Hurst RW, Heuer GG (2013) An institutional series and literature review of pial arteriovenous fistulas in the pediatric population: clinical article. J Neurosurg Pediatr 12(4):344\u2013350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2013.6.PEDS13110","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"7307_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02281003","volume":"4","author":"R Jedeikin","year":"1983","unstructured":"Jedeikin R, Rowe RD, Freedom RM, Olley PM, Gillan JE (1983) Cerebral arteriovenous malformation in neonates. The role of myocardial ischemia. Pediatr Cardiol 4(1):29\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02281003","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"7307_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.37.3.252","volume":"37","author":"MG Norman","year":"1974","unstructured":"Norman MG, Becker LE (1974) Cerebral damage in neonates resulting from arteriovenous malformation of the vein of Galen. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 37(3):252\u2013258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.37.3.252","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"7307_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951116000305","volume":"26","author":"PP Thankavel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Thankavel PP, Ramaciotti C (2016) Early echocardiographic predictor of heart failure in cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Cardiol Young 26(5):1008\u20131012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1047951116000305","journal-title":"Cardiol Young"},{"issue":"03","key":"7307_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.4103\/ijri.ijri_26_19","volume":"30","author":"G Medhi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Medhi G, Gupta AK, Saini J, Ramalingaiah AH, Pendharkar H, Parida S (2020) Pial arteriovenous fistula: a clinical and neuro-interventional experience of outcomes in a rare entity. Indian J Radiol Imaging 30(03):286\u2013293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijri.ijri_26_19","journal-title":"Indian J Radiol Imaging"},{"issue":"2","key":"7307_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-019-04338-2","volume":"36","author":"F Requejo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Requejo F, Tcherbbis V, Gonzalez ML, Arga\u00f1araz R, Marelli JM, Mantese B (2020) Dural sinus malformation with giant pouch (DSMGP): symptoms and treatment. Childs Nerv Syst 36(2):343\u2013348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00381-019-04338-2","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"7307_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01424569","volume":"91","author":"ST Chan","year":"1988","unstructured":"Chan ST, Weeks RD (1988) Dural arteriovenous malformation presenting as cardiac failure in a neonate. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 91(3\u20134):134\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01424569","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"issue":"1","key":"7307_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-007-0425-3","volume":"24","author":"AV Germanwala","year":"2008","unstructured":"Germanwala AV, Vora NA, Thomas AJ, Jovin T, Gologorsky Y, Horowitz MB (2008) Ethylenevinylalcohol copolymer (Onyx-18) used in endovascular treatment of vein of Galen malformation. Childs Nerv Syst 24(1):135\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00381-007-0425-3","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"4","key":"7307_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1177\/000992288402300416","volume":"23","author":"AM Bhat","year":"1984","unstructured":"Bhat AM, Meny RG, Ormond RS (1984) Sonography in cranial arteriovenous malformation presenting with cardiac failure. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 23(4):248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/000992288402300416","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)"},{"issue":"1","key":"7307_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00797009","volume":"15","author":"DM Friedman","year":"1994","unstructured":"Friedman DM, Rutkowski M, Madrid M, Berenstein A (1994) Sinus venosus atrial septal defect associated with vein of Galen malformations: report of two cases. Pediatr Cardiol 15(1):50\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00797009","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"7307_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00308485","volume":"6","author":"BC Walters","year":"1990","unstructured":"Walters BC, Burrows PE, Musewe N et al (1990) Unilateral megalencephaly associated with neonatal high output cardiac failure. Childs Nerv Syst 6:123\u2013125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00308485","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"11","key":"7307_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.724","volume":"23","author":"J Hartung","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hartung J, Heling KS, Rake A, Zimmer C, Chaoui R (2003) Detection of an aneurysm of the vein of Galen following signs of cardiac overload in a 22-week old fetus. Prenat Diagn 23(11):901\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pd.724","journal-title":"Prenat Diagn"},{"key":"7307_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lagos JC, Riley HD Jr. (1971) Congenital intracranial vascular malformations in children. Arch Dis Child 46(247):285\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/adc.46.247.285","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.46.247.285"},{"issue":"1","key":"7307_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1992.76.1.0137","volume":"76","author":"FH Tomlinson","year":"1992","unstructured":"Tomlinson FH, Piepgras DG, Nichols DA, R\u00fcfenacht DA, Kaste SC (1992) Remote congenital cerebral arteriovenous fistulae associated with aortic coarctation. case report. J Neurosurg 76(1):137\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1992.76.1.0137","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"7307_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2011.10.036","volume":"78","author":"MY Kalani","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kalani MY, Ahmed AS, Martirosyan NL, Cronk K, Moon K, Albuquerque FC, McDougall CG, Spetzler RF, Bristol RE (2012) Surgical and endovascular treatment of pediatric spinal arteriovenous malformations. World Neurosurg 78(3\u20134):348\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2011.10.036","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"4","key":"7307_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1159\/000500768","volume":"54","author":"Y Mochizuki","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mochizuki Y, Niimi Y, Sato S, Inoue T, Kuwamoto K, Shima S, Mochizuki T, Kawamata T, Okada Y (2019) Clinical course and management of vein of Galen varix of the neonate: A case report and literature review. Pediatr Neurosurg 54(4):281\u2013287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000500768","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg"},{"issue":"4","key":"7307_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1159\/000516446","volume":"56","author":"D Chang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chang D, Babadjouni R, Nisson P, Chan JL, Quintero-Consuegra M, Toscano JF, Gonzalez NR (2021) Transvenous pressure monitoring guides endovascular treatment of vein of Galen malformation: A technical note. Pediatr Neurosurg 56(4):401\u2013406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000516446","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg"},{"issue":"5","key":"7307_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1159\/000120337","volume":"13","author":"JC Godersky","year":"1987","unstructured":"Godersky JC, Menezes AH (1987) Intracranial arteriovenous anomalies of infancy: Modern concepts. Pediatr Neurosci 13(5):242\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000120337","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"7307_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1986.64.1.0001","volume":"64","author":"CG Drake","year":"1986","unstructured":"Drake CG, Friedman AH, Peerless SJ (1986) Posterior fossa arteriovenous malformations. J Neurosurg 64(1):1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1986.64.1.0001","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"4","key":"7307_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-016-3033-2","volume":"32","author":"R Mahmoodi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mahmoodi R, Habibi Z, Heidari V, Nejat F (2016) Spontaneous regression and complete disappearance of the vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation. Childs Nerv Syst 32(4):593\u2013598. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00381-016-3033-2","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"5","key":"7307_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redar.2015.07.002","volume":"63","author":"FJ Arroyo-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Arroyo-Fern\u00e1ndez FJ, Calder\u00f3n-Seoane E, Rodr\u00edguez-Pe\u00f1a F, Torres-Morera LM (2016) Fluidoterapia intraoperatoria en lactante con insuficiencia cardiaca congestiva por f\u00edstula arteriovenosa pial intracraneal [Intraoperative fluid therapy in infants with congestive heart failure due to intracranial pial arteriovenous fistula]. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim 63(5):301\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.redar.2015.07.002","journal-title":"Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim"},{"issue":"5","key":"7307_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.6.PEDS16103","volume":"18","author":"IJ Abecassis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abecassis IJ, Nerva JD, Barber J, Rockhill J, Ellenbogen RG, Kim LJ, Sekhar LN (2016) Toward a comprehensive assessment of functional outcomes in pediatric patients with brain arteriovenous malformations: The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. J Neurosurg Pediatr 18(5):611\u2013622. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2016.6.PEDS16103","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"7307_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e67","DOI":"10.5546\/aap.2020.e67","volume":"118","author":"A Mart\u00ednez-Villasante Aleman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Villasante Aleman A, L\u00f3pez Socarr\u00e1s C, Mu\u00f1oz Mu\u00f1iz R, Guti\u00e9rrez-Larraya Aguado F, Arias Novas B (2020) \u00bfCoartaci\u00f3n de aorta en el reci\u00e9n nacido? No siempre es lo que parece: a prop\u00f3sito de un caso [Coarctation of aorta in a neonate? It is not always what it seems: an illustrative case]. Arch Argent Pediatr 118(1):e67\u2013e71. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5546\/aap.2020.e67","journal-title":"Arch Argent Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"7307_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A6585","volume":"41","author":"L Arko","year":"2020","unstructured":"Arko L, Lambrych M, Montaser A, Zurakowski D, Orbach DB (2020) Fetal and neonatal MRI predictors of aggressive early clinical course in vein of Galen malformation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 41(6):1105\u20131111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3174\/ajnr.A6585","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"7307_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2024.0027","volume":"67","author":"AP See","year":"2024","unstructured":"See AP, Smith ER (2024) Management of pediatric intracranial arteriovenous malformations. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 67(3):289\u2013298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3340\/jkns.2024.0027","journal-title":"J Korean Neurosurg Soc"},{"issue":"2","key":"7307_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00303807","volume":"11","author":"P Lasjaunias","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lasjaunias P, Hui F, Zerah M, Garcia-Monaco R, Malherbe V, Rodesch G, Tanaka A, Alvarez H (1995) Cerebral arteriovenous malformations in children. Management of 179 consecutive cases and review of the literature. Childs Nerv Syst 11(2):66\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00303807","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"7307_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.34053","volume":"15","author":"N Naranbhai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Naranbhai N, P\u00e9rez R (2023) Management of brain arteriovenous malformations: a review. Cureus 15(1):e34053. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.34053","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"4","key":"7307_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e267","DOI":"10.1542\/neo.21-4-e267","volume":"21","author":"D Lhamtsho","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lhamtsho D, Tewari VV, Devgan A (2020) Case 2: a term neonate with quiet tachypnea progressing to tachycardia and shock. NeoReviews 21(4):e267\u2013e271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/neo.21-4-e267","journal-title":"NeoReviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"7307_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2018-227883","volume":"12","author":"A Yadav","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yadav A, Kumar J (2019) Seizure in infancy: not the usual suspect. BMJ Case Rep 12(1):e227883. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2018-227883","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"7307_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.10.146","volume":"122","author":"T Okazaki","year":"2019","unstructured":"Okazaki T, Sakamoto S, Ishii D, Oshita J, Matsushige T, Shinagawa K, Ichinose N, Matsuda S, Kurisu K (2019) A pial arteriovenous fistula in infancy as the presenting manifestation of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. World Neurosurg 122:322\u2013325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.10.146","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"7307_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1666813","volume":"36","author":"G De Rosa","year":"2019","unstructured":"De Rosa G, De Carolis MP, Tempera A, Pedicelli A, Rollo M, Morena TC, Luca E, De Luca D, Conti G, Piastra M (2019) Outcome of neonates with Vein of Galen malformation presenting with severe heart failure: a case series. Am J Perinatol 36(2):169\u2013175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0038-1666813","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7307_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.7.PEDS1852","volume":"23","author":"A Hockley","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hockley A, Tso MK, Almekhlafi MA, Lodha AK, Clegg R, Luntley J, Eesa M, Wong JH (2019) Rapid cardiac ventricular pacing to facilitate embolization of Vein of Galen malformations: technical note. J Neurosurg Pediatr 23(1):86\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2018.7.PEDS1852","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"7307_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-015-2906-0","volume":"32","author":"T Oshiro","year":"2016","unstructured":"Oshiro T, Nakayama O, Ohba C, Ohashi Y, Kawakubo J, Nagamine T, Komiyama M (2016) Transumbilical arterial embolization of a large dural arteriovenous fistula in a low-birth-weight neonate with congestive heart failure. Childs Nerv Syst 32(4):723\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00381-015-2906-0","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"7307_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2014-208384","volume":"2015","author":"D Mannaerts","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mannaerts D, Muys J, Ramaekers P, Jacquemyn Y (2015) Relapsing fetal bilateral hydrothorax, an isolated expression of a Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation. BMJ Case Rep 2015:bcr2014208384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2014-208384","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"7307_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-022-03057-x","volume":"44","author":"M Hoda","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hoda M, Lemler M, Cory M (2023) Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation with anomalous right superior vena cava to the left atrium leading to atypical clinical and echocardiographic findings. Pediatr Cardiol 44(1):254\u2013259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00246-022-03057-x","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"}],"container-title":["Child's Nervous System"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00381-026-07307-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00381-026-07307-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00381-026-07307-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T08:54:16Z","timestamp":1779526456000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00381-026-07307-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]]},"references-count":140,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7307"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00381-026-07307-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1433-0350"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1433-0350","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"227"}}