{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T19:51:35Z","timestamp":1792093895002,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Childs Nerv Syst"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) is an established adjunctive treatment for children with medically intractable epilepsy. It is common practice to admit these children overnight for observation due to concern of airway compromise and other medical complications. We wanted to determine the safety of vagal nerve stimulator insertion in the immediate peri-operative period to determine if same-day discharge is feasible and safe in children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective review of all paediatric patients (age less than 19\u00a0years of age) who underwent vagal nerve stimulator (VNS) implantation at our institution between January 2002 and December 2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 197 patients were included in the analysis. Mean age at surgery was 11.1\u00a0years (SD 4.1). Median length of stay was 1\u00a0day (IQR 1\u20131); 21 children (10.7%) were discharged the same day. There were no intraoperative complications. No child (0%) had an immediate postoperative surgical complication. Three children had postoperative medical complications (1.5%), all of which occurred in the first hour after surgery. Developmental delay was present in 95% of documented cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings support the safety of same-day discharge in appropriately selected patients, with structured criteria and parental guidance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-026-07425-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T09:07:41Z","timestamp":1787044061000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Feasibility and safety of same-day discharge after paediatric vagus nerve stimulator implantation for medically intractable epilepsy: a retrospective safety analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Joshua","family":"Pepper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William B.","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"7425_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2012.04305.x","volume":"54","author":"S Klinkenberg","year":"2012","unstructured":"Klinkenberg S, Aalbers MW, Vles JSH, Cornips EMJ, Rijkers K, Leenen L et al (2012) Vagus nerve stimulation in children with intractable epilepsy: a randomized controlled trial. Dev Med Child Neurol 54:855\u2013861","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"7425_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/11795735231151830","volume":"15","author":"SW Cramer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cramer SW, McGovern RA, Chen CC, Park MC (2023) Clinical benefit of vagus nerve stimulation for epilepsy: assessment of randomized controlled trials and prospective non-randomized studies. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis 15:11795735231151830","journal-title":"J Cent Nerv Syst Dis"},{"key":"7425_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.7.JNS11977","volume":"115","author":"DJ Englot","year":"2011","unstructured":"Englot DJ, Chang EF, Auguste KI (2011) Vagus nerve stimulation for epilepsy: a meta-analysis of efficacy and predictors of response. J Neurosurg 115:1248\u20131255","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"7425_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.51.1.48","volume":"51","author":"A Handforth","year":"1998","unstructured":"Handforth A, DeGiorgio CM, Schachter SC, Uthman BM, Naritoku DK, Tecoma ES et al (1998) Vagus nerve stimulation therapy for partial-onset seizures: a randomized active-control trial. Neurology 51:48\u201355","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"7425_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.15386\/mpr-1273","volume":"93","author":"AD Curcean","year":"2020","unstructured":"Curcean AD, Rusu GM, Dudea SM (2020) Ultrasound appearance of peripheral nerves in the neck: vagus, hypoglossal and greater auricular. Med Pharm Rep 93:39\u201346","journal-title":"Med Pharm Rep"},{"key":"7425_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.2.PEDS10505","volume":"7","author":"RE Elliott","year":"2011","unstructured":"Elliott RE, Rodgers SD, Bassani L, Morsi A, Geller EB, Carlson C et al (2011) Vagus nerve stimulation for children with treatment-resistant epilepsy: a consecutive series of 141 cases: clinical article. PED 7:491\u2013500","journal-title":"PED"},{"key":"7425_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.1.PEDS15534","volume":"18","author":"D R\u00e9v\u00e9sz","year":"2016","unstructured":"R\u00e9v\u00e9sz D, Rydenhag B, Ben-Menachem E (2016) Complications and safety of vagus nerve stimulation: 25 years of experience at a single center. J Neurosurg Pediatr 18:97\u2013104","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"key":"7425_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.09.027","volume":"83","author":"DH Toffa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Toffa DH, Touma L, El Meskine T, Bouthillier A, Nguyen DK (2020) Learnings from 30 years of reported efficacy and safety of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) for epilepsy treatment: a critical review. Seizure 83:104\u2013123","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"7425_CR9","volume":"16","author":"Y Ma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ma Y, Lehman N, Crutcher R, Young W, Horvat D (2024) Complications and mortality rate of vagus nerve stimulation for drug-resistant epilepsy. Cureus 16:e63842","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"7425_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bas.2023.102733","volume":"4","author":"J van Schooten","year":"2024","unstructured":"van Schooten J, Smeets J, van Kuijk SMJ, Klinkenberg S, Schijns OEMG, Nelissen J et al (2024) Surgical complications of vagus nerve stimulation surgery: a 14-years single-center experience. Brain Spine 4:102733","journal-title":"Brain Spine"},{"key":"7425_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13678","volume":"58","author":"F Giordano","year":"2017","unstructured":"Giordano F, Zicca A, Barba C, Guerrini R, Genitori L (2017) Vagus nerve stimulation: surgical technique of implantation and revision and related morbidity. Epilepsia 58:85\u201390","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"7425_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000001043","volume":"34","author":"J Goldmacher","year":"2021","unstructured":"Goldmacher J, Bernstein M, Venkatraghavan L (2021) Same day discharge for craniotomy. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 34:569\u201374","journal-title":"Curr Opin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"7425_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gurses ME, Khalafallah AM, Gecici NN, G\u00f6kalp E, Costello MC, Shah KH, et al. Optimizing outpatient neurosurgery: evaluating ambulatory surgery and same-day discharge following intracranial tumor surgery and endoscopic third ventriculostomy. 2024 [cited 2025 Jun 7]; Available from: https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/141\/6\/article-p1635.xml","DOI":"10.3171\/2024.4.JNS24504"},{"key":"7425_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.10.093","volume":"193","author":"CA Pel\u00e1ez-Sanchez","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pel\u00e1ez-Sanchez CA, Pajar\u00f3n-Guerrero M, Rodriguez-Caballero A, Due\u00f1as JC, Piriz AB, Mart\u00edn-L\u00e1ez R et al (2025) Cost analysis of oncological outpatient neurosurgery under general anesthesia with hospital-at-home-based postoperative care. World Neurosurg 193:1002\u20131007","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"7425_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"v353","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noy129.045","volume":"20","author":"C Weidmann","year":"2018","unstructured":"Weidmann C, Roach J, Grundy P (2018) Patient satisfaction with day-case brain biopsy. Neuro Oncol 20:v353","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"7425_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2022.09.013","volume":"58","author":"JA Fraser","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fraser JA, Stewart S, Pierce AL, Orrick BA, Peter SDS, Oyetunji TA (2023) Evaluating caretaker satisfaction with same\u2010day discharge after gastrostomy tube placement. J Pediatr Surg 58:70\u201375","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"7425_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"DiBiase J, Kilner KJ, Cheon EC, Lam SK, Raskin JS, Wu C, Benzon HA. Safety of same-day discharge following vagus nerve stimulator insertion in children: a National Surgical Quality Improvement Program study. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2026 Apr 10:1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2025.12.PEDS25501. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 41962155.","DOI":"10.3171\/2025.12.PEDS25501"}],"container-title":["Child's Nervous System"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00381-026-07425-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00381-026-07425-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00381-026-07425-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T19:39:11Z","timestamp":1792093151000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00381-026-07425-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7425"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00381-026-07425-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1433-0350"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1433-0350","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 October 2026","order":5,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Update","order":6,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This article was originally published under the subscription model but it is now published under an Open Access license.","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"We confirm that we have read the Journal\u2019s position on issues involved in ethical publication and affirm that this report is consistent with those guidelines.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Disclosures","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"334"}}