{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T10:51:58Z","timestamp":1772275918033,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,2]],"date-time":"2019-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Surg Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-019-04439-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,2]],"date-time":"2019-02-02T10:43:40Z","timestamp":1549104220000},"page":"575-582","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Outcomes after splenectomy in children: a 48-year population-based study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Mohammad A.","family":"Khasawneh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Contreras-Peraza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew C.","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Lohse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donald H.","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin D.","family":"Zielinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"4439_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-196705000-00004","volume":"1","author":"ML Schulkind","year":"1967","unstructured":"Schulkind ML, Ellis EF, Smith RT (1967) Effect of antibody upon clearance of I-125-labelled pneumococci by the spleen and liver. Pediatr Res 1(3):178\u2013184. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1203\/00006450-196705000-00004","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"4439_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(79)90554-0","volume":"66","author":"ER Eichner","year":"1979","unstructured":"Eichner ER (1979) Splenic function: normal, too much and too little. Am J Med 66(2):311\u2013320. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0002-9343(79)90554-0","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"4439_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.55.7.566","volume":"55","author":"Z Spirer","year":"1980","unstructured":"Spirer Z, Weisman Y, Zakuth V, Fridkin M, Bogair N (1980) Decreased serum tuftsin concentrations in sickle cell disease. Arch Dis Child 55(7):566\u2013567. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/adc.55.7.566","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"5","key":"4439_CR4","first-page":"515521","volume":"65","author":"DA Rowley","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rowley DA (1950) The formation of circulating antibody in the splenec tomized human being following intravenous injection of heterologous erythrocytes. J Immunol 65(5):515\u2013521","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4439_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.54.3.214","volume":"54","author":"DJ Waghorn","year":"2001","unstructured":"Waghorn DJ (2001) Overwhelming infection in asplenic patients: current best practice preventive measures are not being followed. J Clin Pathol 54(3):214\u2013218. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jcp.54.3.214","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"6916","key":"4439_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.307.6916.1408","volume":"307","author":"HA Deodhar","year":"1993","unstructured":"Deodhar HA, Marshall RJ, Barnes JN (1993) Increased risk of sepsis after splenectomy. BMJ Br Med J 307(6916):1408\u20131409","journal-title":"BMJ Br Med J"},{"key":"4439_CR7","unstructured":"CDC (2009) National Hospital Discharge Survey. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta. National Ceneter for Health Statistics. \n                    https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nhds\/nhds_tables.htm\n                    \n                  . Accessed 1 Sept 2017"},{"issue":"7","key":"4439_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ1195","volume":"62","author":"C Theilacker","year":"2016","unstructured":"Theilacker C, Ludewig K, Serr A et al (2016) Overwhelming postsplenectomy infection: a prospective multicenter cohort study. Clin Infect Dis 62(7):871\u2013878. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/civ1195","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"4439_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.6106","volume":"95","author":"EG Mourtzoukou","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mourtzoukou EG, Pappas G, Peppas G, Falagas ME (2008) Vaccination of asplenic or hyposplenic adults. Br J Surg 95(3):273\u2013280. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bjs.6106","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"4439_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199509000-00009","volume":"39","author":"EJ Rutherford","year":"1995","unstructured":"Rutherford EJ, Livengood J, Higginbotham M, Miles WS, Koestner J, Edwards KM, Sharp KWMJ (1995) Efficacy and safety of pneumococcal revaccination after splenectomy for trauma. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 39(3):448\u2013452","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"4439_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-195208000-00006","volume":"136","author":"H King","year":"1952","unstructured":"King H, SHumacker HB (1952) Splenic studies. I. Susceptibility to infection after splenectomy performed in infancy. Ann Surg 136(2):239\u2013242. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00000658-195208000-00006","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"4439_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197703000-00010","volume":"185","author":"SH Ein","year":"1977","unstructured":"Ein SH, Shandling B, Simpson JS et al (1977) The morbidity and mortality of splenectomy in childhood. Ann Surg 185(3):307\u2013310. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00000658-197703000-00010","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"4439_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.2009.01270.x","volume":"83","author":"K Subbannan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Subbannan K, Ustun C, Natarajan K et al (2009) Acute splenic complications and implications of splenectomy in hemoglobin SC disease. Eur J Haematol 83(3):258\u2013260. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0609.2009.01270.x","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"key":"4439_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E42","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd15.170242","volume":"15","author":"JL St Sauver","year":"2018","unstructured":"St Sauver JL, Grossardt BR, Finney Rutten LJ, Roger VL, Majerus M, Jensen DW, Brue SM, Bock-Goodner CM, Rocca W (2018) Rochester epidemiology project data exploration portal. Prev Chronic Dis 15:E42. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5888\/pcd15.170242","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"4439_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.08.012","volume":"87","author":"WA Rocca","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rocca WA, Yawn BP, St. Sauver JL, Grossardt BR, Melton LJ (2012) History of the Rochester epidemiology project: half a century of medical records linkage in a US population. Mayo Clin Proc 87(12):1202\u20131213. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.08.012","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"2","key":"4439_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","volume":"42","author":"P Harris","year":"2009","unstructured":"Harris P, Taylor R, Thielke R, Payne J, Gonzalez N, Conde JG (2009) Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap)\u2014a metadata driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatict support. J Biomed Inform 42(2):377\u2013381. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010.Research","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"issue":"4","key":"4439_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-003-1662-x","volume":"29","author":"MM Levy","year":"2003","unstructured":"Levy MM, Fink MP, Marshall JC et al (2003) 2001 SCCM\/ESICM\/ACCP\/ATS\/SIS international sepsis definitions conference. Intensive Care Med 29(4):530\u2013538. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-003-1662-x","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"4439_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2016.11.017","volume":"83","author":"PC Austin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Austin PC, Allignol A, Fine JP (2017) The number of primary events per variable affects estimation of the subdistribution hazard competing risks model. J Clin Epidemiol 83:75\u201384. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2016.11.017","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"4439_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq482","volume":"173","author":"JL St. Sauver","year":"2011","unstructured":"St. Sauver JL, Grossardt BR, Yawn BP, Melton LJ, Rocca WA (2011) Use of a medical records linkage system to enumerate a dynamic population over time: the rochester epidemiology project. Am J Epidemiol 173(9):1059\u20131068. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/kwq482","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4439_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1066155","volume":"5","author":"I Meekes","year":"1995","unstructured":"Meekes I, van der Staak F, van Oostrom C (1995) Results of splenectomy performed on a group of 91 children. Eur J Pediatr Surg 5(1):19\u201322","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"4439_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(76)90443-8","volume":"132","author":"BL Elsenberg","year":"1976","unstructured":"Elsenberg BL, Andrassy RJ, Hafflt RC, Ratner IA (1976) Splenectomy in children. Am J Surg 132(6):720\u2013722. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0002-9610(76)90443-8","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"4439_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.21108","volume":"49","author":"T Kuhne","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kuhne T, Blanchette C, Buchanan GR, Ramenghi U, Donato H, Tamminga RYJ, Rischewski J, Berchtold WIP (2007) Splenectomy in children with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: a prospective study of 134 children from the intercontinental childhood ITP Study Group. Pediatr Blood Cancer 49:829\u2013834","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"issue":"18","key":"4439_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1982.03330180039029","volume":"248","author":"PE Schwartz","year":"1982","unstructured":"Schwartz PE, Sterioff S, Mucha P, Melton LJ, Offord KP (1982) postsplenectomy sepsis and mortality in adults. JAMA J Am Med Assoc 248(18):2279\u20132283. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.1982.03330180039029","journal-title":"JAMA J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"4439_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1080\/003655400458811","volume":"32","author":"P Ejstrud","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ejstrud P, Kristensen B, Hansen JB et al (2000) Risk and patterns of bacteraemia after splenectomy: a population-based study. Scand J Infect Dis 32:521\u2013525","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"4439_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000000439","volume":"260","author":"G Edgren","year":"2014","unstructured":"Edgren G, Almqvist R, Hartman M, Utter GH (2014) Splenectomy and the risk of sepsis: a population-based cohort study. Ann Surg 260(6):1081\u20131087. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SLA.0000000000000439","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"4439_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-8-200910200-00008","volume":"151","author":"RW Thomsen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Thomsen RW, Schoonen WM (2009) Risk for hospital contact with infection in patients with splenectomy. Ann Intern Med 151:546\u2013555","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"4439_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3468(72)90006-1","volume":"7","author":"AJ Eraklis","year":"1972","unstructured":"Eraklis AJ, Filler RM (1972) Splenectomy in childhood: a review of 1413 cases. J Pediatr Surg 7(4):382\u2013388. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0022-3468(72)90006-1","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"4439_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2004.tb02989.x","volume":"93","author":"S Aronis","year":"2004","unstructured":"Aronis S, Platokouki H, Avgeri M, Pergantou H, Keramidas D (2004) Retrospective evaluation of long-term efficacy and safety of splenectomy in chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in children. Acta Paediatr Int J Paediatr 93(5):638\u2013642. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08035250310024718","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Int J Paediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"4439_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e318155abb9","volume":"246","author":"FJ Rescorla","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rescorla FJ, West KW, Engum SA, Grosfeld JL (2007) Laparoscopic splenic procedures in children: experience in 231 children. Ann Surg 246(4):683\u2013687. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SLA.0b013e318155abb9","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"4439_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-4453(97)93232-1","volume":"35","author":"DJ Waghorn","year":"1997","unstructured":"Waghorn DJ, Mayon-White RT (1997) A study of 42 episodes of overwhelming post-splenectomy infection: is current guidance for asplenic individuals being followed? J Infect 35(3):289\u2013294. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0163-4453(97)93232-1","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"14","key":"4439_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.02.026","volume":"33","author":"P Nived","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nived P, J\u00f8rgensen CS, Settergren B (2015) Vaccination status and immune response to 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in asplenic individuals. Vaccine 33(14):1688\u20131694. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.02.026","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"4439_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy141\/4868138","author":"A Arnott","year":"2018","unstructured":"Arnott A, Jones P, Franklin LJ, Leder K, Bs M, Cheng AC (2018) A registry for patients with asplenia\/hyposplenism reduces the risk of infections with encapsulated organisms. Clin Infect Dis. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciy141\/4868138","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Surgery International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00383-019-04439-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00383-019-04439-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00383-019-04439-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,2]],"date-time":"2020-02-02T00:26:40Z","timestamp":1580603200000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00383-019-04439-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,2]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}},"alternative-id":["4439"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00383-019-04439-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0179-0358","1437-9813"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0179-0358","type":"print"},{"value":"1437-9813","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 January 2019","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 February 2019","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"Mohammad A. Khasawneh, MBBS declares that he has no conflict of interest, Nicolas Contreras-Peraza, MD declares that he has no conflict of interest, Matthew C. Hernandez, MD declares that he has no conflict of interest, Christine Lohse, MSc declares that she has no conflict of interest, Donald H. Jenkins, MD declares that he has no conflict of interest, and Martin D. Zielinski, MD declares that he has no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"No animals were utilized in this study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Animal rights"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}