{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T03:05:43Z","timestamp":1792551943886,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]],"date-time":"2021-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611100800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]],"date-time":"2021-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Surg Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>H type tracheoesophageal fistula (H-TEF) is a rare congenital anomaly. Management may be complicated by late diagnosis and variation(s) in the therapeutic strategy. A systematic review of published studies explores the utility of diagnostic studies, operations and postoperative complications.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Medline and PubMed database(s) were searched for ALL studies reporting H-TEF during 1997\u20132020. Using PRISMA methodology, manuscripts were screened for eligibility and reporting.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Forty-seven eligible studies were analysed. Primary diagnosis varied widely with surgeons performing oesophagography and trachea-bronchoscopy. Preoperative\u00a0localisation techniques included fluoroscopy, guidewire placement and catheterisation. A cervical approach (209 of 272 cases), as well as thoracotomy, thoracoscopy and endoscopic fistula ligation, were all described. Morbidity included fistula recurrence (1.7%), leak (2%), tracheomalacia (3.4%) and respiratory sequelae (1%). The major adverse complication in all studies was vocal cord palsy secondary to laryngeal nerve injury (18.5%) yet strikingly few centres routinely reported undertaking vocal cord screening pre or postoperatively.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study shows that paediatric surgeons record low volume activity with H type tracheoesophageal fistula. Variation(s) in clinical practice are widely evident. Laryngeal nerve injury and its subsequent management warrant special consideration. Care pathways may offset attendant morbidity and define 'best practice.'<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-020-04853-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]],"date-time":"2021-01-20T18:02:37Z","timestamp":1611165757000},"page":"539-547","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Diagnostic and management strategies for congenital H-type tracheoesophageal fistula: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Keerthika","family":"Sampat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul D.","family":"Losty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"4853_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/S1526","volume":"4","author":"DC Crabbe","year":"2003","unstructured":"Crabbe DC (2003) Isolated tracheo-oesophageal fistula. 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