{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T04:21:44Z","timestamp":1777695704342,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]],"date-time":"2022-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647475200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]],"date-time":"2022-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Surg Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-022-05110-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]],"date-time":"2022-03-17T11:02:59Z","timestamp":1647514979000},"page":"781-787","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The undescended testis in children and adolescents. Part 1: pathophysiology, classification, and fertility- and cancer-related controversies"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1919-1906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Pilar","family":"Echeverr\u00eda Sep\u00falveda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisca","family":"Yankovic Barcel\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pedro-Jose","family":"Lopez Ega\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"5110_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1592197","volume":"26","author":"JS Elder","year":"2016","unstructured":"Elder JS (2016) Surgical management of the undescended testis: recent advances and controversies. Eur J Pediatr Surg 26(5):418\u2013426","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"5110_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.21037\/tp.2016.10.06","volume":"5","author":"X Sep\u00falveda","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sep\u00falveda X, Ega\u00f1a PL (2016) Current management of non-palpable testes: a literature review and clinical results. Transl Pediatr 5(4):233\u2013239","journal-title":"Transl Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"5110_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2018-00140","volume":"40","author":"JA M\u00e4kel\u00e4","year":"2019","unstructured":"M\u00e4kel\u00e4 JA, Koskenniemi JJ, Virtanen HE et al (2019) Testis development. Endocr Rev 40(4):857\u2013905","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"5110_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.92.1.44","volume":"92","author":"GS Berkowitz","year":"1993","unstructured":"Berkowitz GS, Kapi\u0144ski RH, Dolin SE et al (1993) Prevalence and natural history of cryptorchidism. Pediatrics 92:44\u201349","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"5110_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sempedsurg.2016.05.007","volume":"25","author":"J Vikraman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vikraman J, Hutson JM, Li R, Thorup J (2016) The undescended testis: clinical management and scientific advances. Semin Pediatr Surg 25(4):241\u2013248","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"5110_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2013.02.004","volume":"190","author":"EM Van der Plas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Van der Plas EM, Zijip GW, Frieling FM et al (2013) Long-term testicular volume after orchidopexy at diagnosis of acquired undescended testis. J Urol 190(1):257\u2013262","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5110_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)64894-8","volume":"157","author":"TD Clarnette","year":"1997","unstructured":"Clarnette TD, Rowe D, Hasthorpe S, Hutson JM (1997) Incomplete disappearance of the processes vaginalis as a cause of ascending testis. J Urol 157(5):1889\u20131891","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5110_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.122351","volume":"16","author":"LB Hakonsen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hakonsen LB, Ernst A, Ramlau-Hansen CH (2014) Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and reproductive health in children: a review of epidemiological studies. Asian J Androl 16(1):39\u201349","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"issue":"8","key":"5110_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e23292","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0023292","volume":"6","author":"R Brauner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Brauner R, Neve M, Allali S, Trivin C et al (2011) Clinical, biological and genetic analysis of anorchia in 26 boys. PLoS ONE 6(8):e23292","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"5110_CR10","first-page":"30","volume":"8","author":"G Sarila","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sarila G, Hutson J, Vikraman J (2021) Testicular descent: a review of a complex, multistaged process to identify potential hidden causes od UTD. J Ped Surg 8:30","journal-title":"J Ped Surg"},{"key":"5110_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410X.2001.00101.x","volume":"87","author":"AB Belman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Belman AB, Rushton HG (2001) Is the vanished testis always a scrotal event? BJU Int 87:480\u2013483","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"8","key":"5110_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.4158\/EP-2019-0032","volume":"25","author":"R Heksch","year":"2019","unstructured":"Heksch R, Matheson M, Tishelman A, Swatz J et al (2019) Testicular regression syndrome: practice variation in diagnosis and management. Endocr Pract 25(8):779\u2013786","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"5110_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)67763-4","volume":"163","author":"D Cortes","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cortes D, Thorup J, Visfeldt J (2000) Hormonal treatment may harm the germ cells in 1 to 3-year-old boys with cryptorchidism. J Urol 163:1290\u20131292","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5110_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.4067\/S0370-41062009000300003","volume":"80","author":"PJ L\u00f3pez","year":"2009","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez PJ, Angel L, Rodr\u00edguez J (2009) Abordaje Laparosc\u00f3pico en el test\u00edculo no palpable. Rev Chil Pediatr 80(3):225\u2013230","journal-title":"Rev Chil Pediatr"},{"key":"5110_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2396","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000095793.04232.d8","volume":"170","author":"JS Barthold","year":"2003","unstructured":"Barthold JS, Gonzalez R (2003) The epidemiology of congenital cryptorchidism, testicular ascent and orchiopexy. J Urol 170:2396\u20132401","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"5110_CR16","unstructured":"Radmayr C, Bogaert G, Dogan HS, Nijman JM, Silay MS, Stein R, Tekg\u00fcl S. EAU guidelines on pediatric urology. European Association of Urology 2021"},{"issue":"2","key":"5110_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12500","volume":"82","author":"P F\u00e9nichel","year":"2015","unstructured":"F\u00e9nichel P, Lahlou N, Coquillard P et al (2015) Cord blood insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) but not testosterone is reduced in idiopathic cryptorchidism. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 82(2):242\u2013247","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"5110_CR18","first-page":"176","volume":"3","author":"JM Hutson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hutson JM, Li R, Southwell BR, Petersen BL et al (2012) Germ cell development in the postnatal testis. The key to prevent malignancy in cryptorchidism? Font Endocrinol (Lausanne) 3:176","journal-title":"Font Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"1","key":"5110_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0029-0","volume":"4","author":"L Cheng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cheng L, Albers P, Berney D et al (2018) Testicular cancer. Nat Rev Dis Primers 4(1):29","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"5110_CR20","unstructured":"- Ebel L, Foner\u00f3n A, Troncoso L, Foner\u00f3n A. Sociedad Chilena de Urologia. Manual de Urologia. Segunda Edici\u00f3n. Capitulo 29."},{"issue":"4","key":"5110_CR21","first-page":"353","volume":"24","author":"JD Fonger","year":"1981","unstructured":"Fonger JD, Filler RM, Rider WD, Thomas GM (1981) Testicular tumours in maldescended testes. Can J Surg 24(4):353\u2013355","journal-title":"Can J Surg"},{"key":"5110_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)55458-0","volume":"124","author":"MA Batata","year":"1980","unstructured":"Batata MA, Whitmore WF Jr, Chu FC, Hilaris BS, Loh J et al (1980) Cryptorchidism and testicular cancer. J Urol 124:382","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"5110_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)59729-3","volume":"112","author":"GG Gehring","year":"1974","unstructured":"Gehring GG, Rodriguez FR, Woodhead DM (1974) Malignant degeneration of cryptorchid testes following orchiopexy. J Urol 112:354","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"5110_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-004-0398-8","volume":"22","author":"KP Dieckman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dieckman KP, Pichlmeier U (2004) Clinical epidemiology of testicular germ cell tumors. World J Urol 22:2","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"issue":"18","key":"5110_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa067588","volume":"356","author":"A Pettersson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pettersson A, Richiardi L, Nordenskjold A, Kaijser M, Akre O (2007) Age at surgery for undescended testis and risk of testicular cancer. N Engl J Med 356(18):1835\u20131841","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"5110_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.4111\/kju.2015.56.7.515","volume":"56","author":"SH Ryang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ryang SH, Jung JH, Eom M, Song JM, Chung HC, Chae Y, Lee CM, Kim KJ (2015) The incidence and histological characteristics of intratubular germ cell neoplasia in postpubertal cryptorchid testis. Korean J Urol 56(7):515\u2013518. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4111\/kju.2015.56.7.515","journal-title":"Korean J Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5110_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.074","volume":"181","author":"HM Wood","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wood HM, Elder JS (2009) Cryptorchidism and testicular cancer: separating fact from fiction. J Urol 181(2):452\u2013461","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"5110_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1985.tb06417.x","volume":"57","author":"TF Ford","year":"1985","unstructured":"Ford TF, Parkinson MC, Pryor J (1985) The undescended testis in adult life. B Urol 57:181","journal-title":"B Urol"},{"key":"5110_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19991210)83:6<815::AID-IJC21>3.0.CO;2-Z","volume":"83","author":"KP Dieckmann","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dieckmann KP, Skakkebaek NE (1999) Carcinoma in situ of the testis: review of biological and clinical features. Int J Cancer 83:815\u2013822","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"5110_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)63752-2","volume":"159","author":"E Rogers","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rogers E, Tehan S, Gallagher H et al (1998) The role of orchiectomy in the management of postpubertal cryptorchidism. J Urol 159(3):851\u2013854","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"4 Pt 1","key":"5110_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2007.05.166","volume":"178","author":"TJ Walsh","year":"2007","unstructured":"Walsh TJ, Dall\u2019Era MA, Croughan MS, Carroll PR, Turek PJ (2007) Prepubertal orchiopexy for cryptorchidism may be associated with lower risk of testicular cancer. J Urol 178(4 Pt 1):1440\u20131446","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"5110_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.31562","volume":"175C","author":"LC Pyle","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pyle LC, Nathanson KL (2017) A practical guide for evaluating gonadal germ cell tumor predisposition in differences of sex development. Am Jour Med Genet 175C:304\u2013314","journal-title":"Am Jour Med Genet"},{"issue":"12","key":"5110_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2018.08.011","volume":"53","author":"E Woodford","year":"2018","unstructured":"Woodford E, Eliezer D, Deshpande A, Kumar R (2018) Is excision of testicular nubbin necessary in vanishing testis syndrome? J Pediatr Surg 53(12):2495\u20132497","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"5110_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)66507-8","volume":"155","author":"T Rozanski","year":"1996","unstructured":"Rozanski T, Wojno K, Bloom D (1996) The remnant orchiectomy. J Urol 155:712\u2013714","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5110_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2012.12.010","volume":"9","author":"KM Broderick","year":"2013","unstructured":"Broderick KM, Martin BG, Herndon CD, Joseph DB, Kitchens DM (2013) The current state of surgical practice for neonatal torsion: a survey of pediatric urologists. J Pediatr Urol 9(5):542\u2013545","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5110_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2005.01.017","volume":"66","author":"PA Lee","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lee PA (2005) Fertility after cryptorchidism: epidemiology and other outcome studies. Urology 66(2):427\u2013431","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"2","key":"5110_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.04.032","volume":"182","author":"GE Tasian","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tasian GE, Hittelman AB, Kim GE, DiSandro MJ, Baskin LS (2009) Age at orchiopexy and testis palpability predict germ and Leydig cell loss: clinical predictors of adverse histological features of cryptorchidism. J Urol 182(2):704\u2013709","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5110_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-993194","volume":"220","author":"F Hadziselimovic","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hadziselimovic F, Hoecht B (2008) Testicular histology related to fertility outcome and postpubertal hormone status in cryptorchidism. Klin Padiatr 220(5):302\u2013307","journal-title":"Klin Padiatr"},{"issue":"3 Pt 2","key":"5110_CR39","first-page":"986","volume":"162","author":"MT Coughlin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Coughlin MT, Bellinger MF, Lee PA (1999) Age at unilateral orchiopexy: effect on hormone levels and sperm count in adulthood. J Urol 162(3 Pt 2):986\u2013988","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5110_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12964","volume":"9","author":"W Muncey","year":"2021","unstructured":"Muncey W, Dutta R, Terlecki R, Lynn W, Scaberry K (2021) Fertility potential in adult men treated for uncorrected bilateral cryptorchidism: a systematic literature review and analysis of case reports. Andrology 9(3):781\u2013791","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"5110_CR41","unstructured":"- Kolon T., Herndon A., Baker L., et al. AUA guidelines \u201cevaluation and tratment of cryptorchidism\u201d. 2018."},{"key":"5110_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0119006","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0119006","volume":"10","author":"L Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang L, Wang X, Zheng X (2015) Research article: maternal gestational smoking, diabetes, alcohol drinking, pre-pregnancy obesity and the risk of cryptorchidism: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. PLoS ONE 10:e0119006","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Surgery International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00383-022-05110-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00383-022-05110-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00383-022-05110-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]],"date-time":"2022-04-29T16:06:45Z","timestamp":1651248405000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00383-022-05110-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["5110"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00383-022-05110-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1437-9813"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1437-9813","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 February 2022","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 March 2022","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}