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The aim was to assess the sensory and sympathetic innervation of the detrusor in unclosed exstrophic bladders patients with known overexpression of NGF in the urothelium.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Full-thickness bladder biopsies were prospectively obtained from 34 infants at delayed primary bladder closure between 01\/2015 and 04\/2020. The bladder biopsies were immunohistochemically stained with antibodies against S100, calcitonin gene-related peptide (anti-CGRP), Neurofilament 200 (anti-NF200), and tyrosine-hydroxylase (anti-TH). Specimens from 6 children with congenital vesicoureterorenal reflux (VUR) served as controls.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>There was no statistically significant difference in nerve fiber density in any of the immunohistochemical assessments (anti-S100 [<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.210], anti-CGRP [<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.897], anti-NF200 [<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.897]), and anti-TH [<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.956]) between patients with BE and patients with VUR. However, we observed a trend toward lower nerve fiber densities in exstrophic detrusor.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Overall our results showed an unharmed innervation pattern in this cohort but a lower density of nerve fibers in the detrusor compared to controls. Further studies in patients after successful primary closure are needed to clarify the potential impact of the urothelial overexpression of NGF modulating the innervation pattern in exstrophic bladders.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-024-05649-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]],"date-time":"2024-03-05T15:02:33Z","timestamp":1709650953000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Innervation pattern of the unclosed detrusor muscle in classic bladder exstrophy: a study of patients with urothelial overexpression of nerve growth factor"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Promm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Otto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"G\u00f6tz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maximilian","family":"Burger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karolina","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Rubenwolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Winfried L.","family":"Neuhuber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang H.","family":"R\u00f6sch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"5649_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2019.00110","volume":"7","author":"M Promm","year":"2019","unstructured":"Promm M, Roesch WH (2019) Recent trends in the management of bladder exstrophy: the Gordian knot has not yet been cut. 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