{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T20:58:35Z","timestamp":1771275515431,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758412800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758412800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Surg Int"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-025-06205-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T16:32:28Z","timestamp":1758472348000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Androgen receptor expression in the foreskin of children born with hypospadias: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Fiyinfoluwa Timothy","family":"Oladipo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilhama","family":"Jafarli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u0130rada","family":"Huseynova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heidi E.","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"6205_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.100.5.831","volume":"100","author":"LJ Paulozzi","year":"1997","unstructured":"Paulozzi LJ, Erickson JD, Jackson RJ (1997) Hypospadias trends in two US surveillance systems. Pediatrics 100(5):831\u2013834","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"7","key":"6205_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.27544","volume":"14","author":"SA Halaseh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Halaseh SA, Halaseh S, Ashour M (2022) Hypospadias: a comprehensive review including its embryology, etiology and surgical techniques. Cureus 14(7):e27544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.27544","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"6205_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-8395-4_2","volume-title":"Hypospadiology: principles and practices","author":"MS Ansari","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ansari MS, Chakravarthy P, Yadav P (2022) Hypospadias embryology, etiology, and classification. In: Bhat A (ed) Hypospadiology: principles and practices. Springer Singapore, Singapore, pp 9\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-16-8395-4_2"},{"key":"6205_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.2147\/rru.S270248","volume":"12","author":"M Mohammed","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mohammed M, Bright F, Mteta A, Mbwambo J, Ngowi BN, Mbwambo O, Yongolo S, Mganga A (2020) Long-term complications of hypospadias repair: a ten-year experience from Northern Zone of Tanzania. Res Rep Urol 12:463\u2013469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/rru.S270248","journal-title":"Res Rep Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6205_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dms002","volume":"18","author":"LFM van der Zanden","year":"2012","unstructured":"van der Zanden LFM, van Rooij IALM, Feitz WFJ, Franke B, Knoers NVAM, Roeleveld N (2012) Aetiology of hypospadias: a systematic review of genes and environment. Hum Reprod Update 18(3):260\u2013283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humupd\/dms002","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"6205_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-97-1639-5_27","volume-title":"Children with differences in sex development: taking a multidisciplinary management approach","author":"N Sugandhi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sugandhi N (2024) Disorders of testosterone action in 46 XY DSD. In: Ratan SK (ed) Children with differences in sex development: taking a multidisciplinary management approach. Springer Nature Singapore, Singapore, pp 299\u2013313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-97-1639-5_27"},{"issue":"3","key":"6205_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2008.00899.x","volume":"32","author":"N Kalfa","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kalfa N, Philibert P, Sultan C (2009) Is hypospadias a genetic, endocrine or environmental disease, or still an unexplained malformation? Int J Androl 32(3):187\u2013197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2008.00899.x","journal-title":"Int J Androl"},{"issue":"3","key":"6205_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2005.11.059","volume":"41","author":"LS Baskin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Baskin LS, Ebbers MB (2006) Hypospadias: anatomy, etiology, and technique. J Pediatr Surg 41(3):463\u2013472. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2005.11.059","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"6205_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1995.tb07719.x","volume":"76","author":"FM Bentvelsen","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bentvelsen FM, Brinkmann AO, Van Der Linden JETM, Schr\u00d6Der FH, Nijman JM (1995) Decreased immunoreactive androgen receptor levels are not the cause of isolated hypospadias. Br J Urol 76(3):384\u2013388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1995.tb07719.x","journal-title":"Br J Urol"},{"issue":"9","key":"6205_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.16087","volume":"58","author":"K Taghavi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Taghavi K, O\u2019Hagan LA, Hewitt JK, Mouriquand P (2022) Defining the role of pre-operative hormonal therapy in hypospadias. J Paediatr Child Health 58(9):1508\u20131519. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jpc.16087","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"6205_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n160","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, Moher D, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, Shamseer L, Tetzlaff JM, Akl EA, Brennan SE (2021) PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.n160","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"6205_CR12","unstructured":"PlotDigitizer (2025) Porbital. plotdigitizer.com."},{"issue":"4","key":"6205_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e483","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2003-1038-L","volume":"114","author":"L Hartling","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hartling L, Brison RJ, Crumley ET, Klassen TP, Pickett W (2004) A systematic review of interventions to prevent childhood farm injuries. Pediatrics 114(4):e483\u2013e496. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2003-1038-L","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"6205_CR14","first-page":"461","volume":"26","author":"Y An","year":"2012","unstructured":"An Y, Liu X, Tang Y, Liu J, Li J, Luo Y, Qiu M (2012) Expression of androgen receptor in genital tissue of patients with congenital hypospadias and simple chordee. Chin J Reparative Reconstructive Surg 26(4):461\u2013465","journal-title":"Chin J Reparative Reconstructive Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"6205_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.4103\/jiaps.JIAPS_166_18","volume":"25","author":"DR Balaji","year":"2020","unstructured":"Balaji DR, Reddy G, Babu R, Paramaswamy B, Ramasundaram M, Agarwal P, Joseph LD, D\u2019Cruze L, Sundaram S (2020) Androgen receptor expression in hypospadias. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg 25(1):6\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jiaps.JIAPS_166_18","journal-title":"J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"6205_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.2478\/bjmg-2024-0002","volume":"27","author":"N Emaratpardaz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Emaratpardaz N, Turkyilmaz Z, Karabulut R, Dayanir D, Kaya C, Sert A, Arkan G, Ucaner FA, Kapisiz A, Eryilmaz S, Atan A, Sonmez K (2024) Comparison of FGF-8, FGF-10, FGF-Receptor 2, Androgen Receptor, Estrogen Receptor-A and SS in healthy and hypospadiac children. Balkan J Med Genet 27(1):21\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/bjmg-2024-0002","journal-title":"Balkan J Med Genet"},{"issue":"2","key":"6205_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1080\/15513815.2022.2104496","volume":"42","author":"S Khanna","year":"2023","unstructured":"Khanna S, Shankar Raman V, Badwal S, Vinu Balraam KV (2023) Quantification of the androgen and estrogen receptors in the penile tissues of hypospadias in comparison with normal children. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 42(2):175\u2013186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15513815.2022.2104496","journal-title":"Fetal Pediatr Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"6205_CR18","first-page":"119EP","volume":"73","author":"H Kocaturk","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kocaturk H, Ozkaya F, Adanur S, Yapanoglu T, Aksoy Y (2020) Expression of androgen receptor and estrogen receptor-beta in foreskin tissue of hypospadiac and healthy boys. Arch Esp Urol 73(2):119EP \u2013 125","journal-title":"Arch Esp Urol"},{"issue":"6","key":"6205_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697.e691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2023.07.011","volume":"19","author":"C Perske","year":"2023","unstructured":"Perske C, Sennert M, Fawzy M, Wirmer J, Hadidi AT (2023) Hormone receptor expression in hypospadias. J Pediatr Urol 19(6):697.e691-697.e698. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpurol.2023.07.011","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"key":"6205_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18231\/j.achr.2023.044","author":"S Rai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rai S, Sanikop A, Ghagane S, Nerli R (2023) Androgen receptor study in children with hypospadias in comparison with children with normal genitalia. IP Arch Cytol Histopathol Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18231\/j.achr.2023.044","journal-title":"IP Arch Cytol Histopathol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"6205_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43.e41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2019.10.031","volume":"16","author":"LJW Tack","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tack LJW, Praet M, Van Dorpe J, Haid B, Buelens S, Hoebeke P, Van Laecke E, Cools M, Spinoit AF (2020) Androgen receptor expression in preputial dartos tissue correlates with physiological androgen exposure in congenital malformations of the penis and in controls. J Pediatr Urol 16(1):43.e41-43.e48. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpurol.2019.10.031","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"key":"6205_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ebmed-2017-110668","author":"MH Murad","year":"2017","unstructured":"Murad MH, Mustafa RA, Sch\u00fcnemann HJ, Sultan S, Santesso N (2017) Rating the certainty in evidence in the absence of a single estimate of effect. Evid Based Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ebmed-2017-110668","journal-title":"Evid Based Med"},{"key":"6205_CR23","volume-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2024","unstructured":"R Core Team (2024) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna"},{"issue":"3","key":"6205_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1239","volume":"8","author":"S Harrison","year":"2017","unstructured":"Harrison S, Jones HE, Martin RM, Lewis SJ, Higgins JPT (2017) The albatross plot: a novel graphical tool for presenting results of diversely reported studies in a systematic review. Res Synth Methods 8(3):281\u2013289","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"6205_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1172\/jci112805","volume":"79","author":"CG Roehrborn","year":"1987","unstructured":"Roehrborn CG, Lange JL, George FW, Wilson JD (1987) Changes in amount and intracellular distribution of androgen receptor in human foreskin as a function of age. J Clin Invest 79(1):44\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci112805","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"4","key":"6205_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393EP","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2011.49","volume":"71","author":"L Qiao","year":"2012","unstructured":"Qiao L, Tasian GE, Zhang H, Cao M, Ferretti M, Cunha GR, Baskin LS (2012) Androgen receptor is overexpressed in boys with severe hypospadias, and ZEB1 regulates androgen receptor expression in human foreskin cells. Pediatr Res 71(4):393EP \u2013 398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/pr.2011.49","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"6205_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crtox.2021.03.004","volume":"2","author":"DM Mattiske","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mattiske DM, Pask AJ (2021) Endocrine disrupting chemicals in the pathogenesis of hypospadias; developmental and toxicological perspectives. Curr Res Toxicol 2:179\u2013191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crtox.2021.03.004","journal-title":"Curr Res Toxicol"},{"issue":"5","key":"6205_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2015.01.035","volume":"85","author":"W Zhao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhao W, Yin J, Yang Z, Xie J, Zhang Y, Xu W, Li J-L (2015) Meta-analysis of androgen insensitivity in preoperative hormone therapy in hypospadias. Urology 85(5):1166\u20131172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urology.2015.01.035","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"10","key":"6205_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2024.06.014","volume":"59","author":"L Jackson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jackson L, Woodward M, Awad K, Shalaby M (2024) Long-term effects of pre-operative testosterone and dihydrotestosterone on glans width in boys with hypospadias. J Pediatr Surg 59(10):161605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2024.06.014","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Surgery International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00383-025-06205-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00383-025-06205-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00383-025-06205-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T09:25:53Z","timestamp":1763630753000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00383-025-06205-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6205"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00383-025-06205-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1437-9813"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1437-9813","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 September 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"301"}}