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This study aims to compare laparoscopic findings and results after FS2 between syndromic and non-syndromic boys.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cohort study on boys with UDT who underwent laparoscopy between 2014 and 2024. Syndromic and non-syndromic patients were compared regarding age at surgery, bilaterality, type of UDT, and atrophy rate after FS2.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In total, 190 boys with 298 testicles underwent laparoscopy. Of these, 42% were found to be intra-abdominal, 23% were vanishing testes and in 22% of cases, a testicular nubbin was found. Bilateral (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and intra-abdominal UDT (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) were significantly more common in children with syndromes, whereas testicular nubbin was less common (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). The median age at laparoscopy was higher in the group with syndromes. Atrophy occurred in 20% of all testicles undergoing FS2, with no significant difference in outcome between groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090,05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Syndromic boys present with more severe UDT but achieve comparable outcomes after FS2. Early diagnosis and individualized management are essential to preserve testicular viability in this high-risk group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-025-06271-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T12:39:37Z","timestamp":1765802377000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Laparoscopy for non-palpable undescended testis: comparing outcomes in syndromic and non-syndromic children"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Agnes Raaschou","family":"Bystr\u00f6m","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nilla","family":"Hallabro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Selin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magnus","family":"Anderberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"B\u00f6rjesson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Sal\u00f6","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"6271_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2016.07.014","volume":"12","author":"C Radmayr","year":"2016","unstructured":"Radmayr C, Dogan HS, Hoebeke P, Kocvara R, Nijman R, Stein R et al (2016) Management of undescended testes: European association of urology\/European society for paediatric urology guidelines. 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