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We surveyed European centers to map current practices, training exposure, and outcomes of pediatric biliary cholecystectomy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A 24-item cross-sectional international survey was developed by the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS) Section of Paediatric Surgery and distributed to centers in 31 UEMS member states. Items covered institutional resources, indications and timing, surgical approach and adjuncts (ERCP, ICG), training exposure, and center-level outcomes; results are reported as\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      (%), median (IQR). Outcomes were reported at the center level and were self-reported by participating institutions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-two centers from 23\/31 states responded (74.2%). Pediatric surgeons were primary operators in 84% (shared with adult surgeons in 16%); ERCP access was 66%. Trainee operator share was 22.5% (IQR 5\u201350) and simulator access 56%. ICG cholangiography was routine in 12.5% and selective in 31%. Acute calculous cholecystitis: 6% always index-admission and 59.4% interval (29\u201341 days) cholecystectomy; post-ERCP choledocholithiasis: 16% always index-admission cholecystectomy. In 2023, 185 cases were reported: 98.9% laparoscopic with 1.6% conversion; median age 14 years (IQR 12.25\u201315), operative time 90\u00a0min (IQR 60\u2013110), length of stay 2 days (IQR 1\u20132); 10 complications (5.4%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Substantial heterogeneity persists in both care pathways and training exposure; most centers lack formal pediatric-specific guidelines, and trainee-led operating remains limited, supporting the need for evidence-based protocols and structured training pathways.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-026-06357-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T12:53:28Z","timestamp":1772628808000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pediatric 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