{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T12:01:00Z","timestamp":1777982460357,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Surg Int"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-026-06394-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T09:06:56Z","timestamp":1777280816000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Epidemiology and risk factors of congenital anomalies managed by the paediatric surgery unit at Greater Accra Regional Hospital: a three\u2011year review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Ambe N. E.","family":"Obbeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dorinda N.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nana Ama","family":"Christian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"6394_CR1","volume-title":"Congenital anomalies. Fact sheet","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2023","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2023) Congenital anomalies. Fact sheet. World Health Organization, Geneva"},{"key":"6394_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-014-2714-9","volume":"39","author":"NA Sitkin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sitkin NA, Ozgediz D, Donkor P et al (2015) Congenital anomalies in low\u2013 and middle\u2013income countries: the unborn child of global surgery. World J Surg 39:36\u201340","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"6394_CR3","unstructured":"GBD2019Under\u20135MC (2021) Global, regional, and national progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 3.2. Lancet 398:870\u2013905"},{"key":"6394_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2322494","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.22494","volume":"6","author":"Q Bassat","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bassat Q, Blau DM, Ogbuanu IU et al (2023) Causes of death among infants and children in the CHAMPS network. JAMA Netw Open 6:e2322494","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"6394_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2019.01.034","volume":"54","author":"A Toobaie","year":"2019","unstructured":"Toobaie A, Yousef Y, Balvardi S et al (2019) Incidence and prevalence of congenital anomalies in low\u2013 and middle\u2013income countries: a systematic review. J Pediatr Surg 54:1089\u20131093","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"6394_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e030452","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-030452","volume":"9","author":"NJ Wright","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wright NJ, Anderson JE, Ozgediz D et al (2019) Management and outcomes of gastrointestinal congenital anomalies across income settings. BMJ Open 9:e030452","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"6394_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-014-2714-9","volume":"39","author":"NA Sitkin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sitkin NA, Farmer DL, Donkor P et al (2015) Global burden of congenital anomalies requiring surgery. World J Surg 39:1529\u20131537","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"6394_CR8","first-page":"221","volume":"41","author":"AI Bello","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bello AI et al (2022) Patterns of congenital anomalies in West Africa: a systematic review and meta\u2013analysis. Pan Afr Med J 41:221","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"key":"6394_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-023-04196-7","volume":"23","author":"N Moges","year":"2023","unstructured":"Moges N, Wolde HF, Taye B et al (2023) Congenital anomalies and associated factors in Africa: a systematic review and meta\u2013analysis. BMC Pediatr 23:90","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"6394_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-022-03749-6","volume":"22","author":"FM Magwesela","year":"2022","unstructured":"Magwesela FM, Rabiel H (2022) Mung\u2019ong\u2019o CM. Pattern of congenital anomalies among paediatric surgical patients in Tanzania. BMC Pediatr 22:676","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"6394_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.4103\/npmj.npmj_77_19","volume":"26","author":"RO Oluwafemi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Oluwafemi RO, Abiodun MT (2019) Incidence, spectrum and outcome of congenital anomalies in southern Nigeria. Niger Postgrad Med J 26:239\u2013243","journal-title":"Niger Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"6394_CR12","first-page":"120","volume":"10","author":"B Anane\u2013Fenin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Anane\u2013Fenin B, Abaka\u2013Yawson A, Mensah KB et al (2023) Prevalence, pattern and outcome of congenital anomalies admitted to a neonatal unit in Ghana. Int J Pediatr Adolesc Med 10:120\u2013127","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"6394_CR13","first-page":"136","volume":"54","author":"C Amegatcher","year":"2020","unstructured":"Amegatcher C, Edusei A, Sarpong E et al (2020) Pattern of congenital anomalies presenting to a tertiary hospital in Ghana. Ghana Med J 54:136\u2013142","journal-title":"Ghana Med J"},{"key":"6394_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmq052","volume":"57","author":"FA Abantanga","year":"2011","unstructured":"Abantanga FA, Avoka JD, Amaning EP et al (2011) Neonatal surgical conditions in Kumasi, Ghana: pattern and outcome. J Trop Pediatr 57:135\u2013139","journal-title":"J Trop Pediatr"},{"key":"6394_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.4314\/gmj.v49i3.1","volume":"49","author":"S Osei\u2013Nketiah","year":"2015","unstructured":"Osei\u2013Nketiah S, Ameme DK et al (2015) Birth defects in Ghanaian neonates: a five\u2013year review. Ghana Med J 49:125\u2013130","journal-title":"Ghana Med J"},{"key":"6394_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.4103\/ijph.IJPH_77_17","volume":"62","author":"A Ara","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ara A, Kumar D, Dewan D et al (2018) Incidence of congenital anomalies in a rural population. Indian J Public Health 62:188\u2013192","journal-title":"Indian J Public Health"},{"key":"6394_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2013.847420","volume":"27","author":"A Dursun","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dursun A, Zenciroglu A, Hakan N et al (2014) Distribution of congenital anomalies in a neonatal intensive care unit. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 27:1069\u20131074","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"6394_CR18","first-page":"61","volume":"5","author":"VB Penchaszadeh","year":"2002","unstructured":"Penchaszadeh VB (2002) Preventing congenital anomalies in developing countries. Community Genet 5:61\u201369","journal-title":"Community Genet"},{"key":"6394_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.4103\/0189-6725.48572","volume":"6","author":"TIB Bakare","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bakare TIB, Sowande OA, Adejuyigbe OO et al (2009) Epidemiology of external birth defects in southwestern Nigeria. Afr J Paediatr Surg 6:28\u201330","journal-title":"Afr J Paediatr Surg"},{"key":"6394_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-022-01353-z","volume":"48","author":"MY Hadush","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hadush MY et al (2022) Risk factors of congenital anomalies in Ethiopia: a case\u2013control study. Ital J Pediatr 48:165","journal-title":"Ital J Pediatr"},{"key":"6394_CR21","first-page":"929","volume":"111","author":"SM Maputle","year":"2021","unstructured":"Maputle SM et al (2021) Maternal risk factors associated with congenital anomalies in South Africa. S Afr Med J 111:929\u2013935","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"6394_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i3","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.74.suppl_1.i3","volume":"74","author":"C Verity","year":"2003","unstructured":"Verity C, Firth H, Constant C (2003) Congenital abnormalities of the central nervous system. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 74:i3\u2013i8","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"6394_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-6866.73412","volume":"16","author":"A Taksande","year":"2010","unstructured":"Taksande A, Vilhekar K, Chaturvedi P et al (2010) Congenital malformations at birth in central India. Indian J Hum Genet 16:159\u2013163","journal-title":"Indian J Hum Genet"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Surgery International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00383-026-06394-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00383-026-06394-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00383-026-06394-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T09:07:01Z","timestamp":1777280821000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00383-026-06394-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6394"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00383-026-06394-7","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-8960490\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1437-9813"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1437-9813","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was obtained from the Greater Accra Regional Hospital Institutional Review Board. The requirement for individual informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study and use of anonymized data.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"204"}}