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Protein levels of\n                      <jats:italic>KIF18A<\/jats:italic>\n                      , which has the highest gene expression in tissue samples, were also analyzed by ELISA method. Polymorphisms of\n                      <jats:italic>ELF5<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>KIF18A<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>COL23A1<\/jats:italic>\n                      genes with the highest level of expression change in blood and tissue samples were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Statistical analysis was performed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There were 186 patients in the study group and 26 patients in the control group. The results of\n                      <jats:italic>ELF5<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>KIF18A<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>COL23A1<\/jats:italic>\n                      genes were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between\n                      <jats:italic>GAPDH<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>ELF5<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>KIF18A<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>NPTX1<\/jats:italic>\n                      in the study group. Also, a statistically significant positive correlation was found between\n                      <jats:italic>KIF18A<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>ELF5<\/jats:italic>\n                      and between\n                      <jats:italic>NPTX1<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>ELF5<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>COL23A1<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The present study may be the first study conducted in human tissue samples that we could access in the literature in terms of the genetic factors. It was predicted that\n                      <jats:italic>ELF5<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>KIF18A<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>COL23A1<\/jats:italic>\n                      genes may be counted among the effective factors in PV closure. This study may shed light on larger prospective genetic studies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-026-06400-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T07:28:40Z","timestamp":1775114920000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Investigation of ELF5, KIF18A, NPTX1 and COL23A1 genes in the pathophysiology of indirect inguinal hernia in children"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Ercan","family":"Genc","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tugay","family":"Tartar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ebru","family":"Onalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Unal","family":"Bakal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet","family":"Sarac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tugce","family":"Kaymaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmet","family":"Kazez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"6400_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1918","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)65391-6","volume":"156","author":"M al-Ali","year":"1996","unstructured":"al-Ali M, Haddad LF (1996) The late treatment of 63 overlooked or complicated ureteral missile injuries: the promise of nephrostomy and role of autotransplantation. 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