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Correlation was tested with Spearman analysis, categorical agreement with weighted kappa, and independent risk factors with multivariable logistic regression for each scoring system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Correlations were moderate across all pairs (\u03c1\u2009=\u20090.52\u20130.68; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Agreement was substantial between Kelly\u2013Holschneider (\u03ba\u2009=\u20090.652) and Holschneider\u2013Templeton (\u03ba\u2009=\u20090.684), but moderate between Kelly\u2013Templeton (\u03ba\u2009=\u20090.595). Poor continence rates differed by instrument (Kelly 18.2%, Holschneider 10.9%, Templeton 17.3%). Independent predictors of poor continence varied by scoring system: weak anal tone and fecal incontinence for Kelly, urinary incontinence for Holschneider, and male sex and systemic pathology for Templeton.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although the three scores are correlated, clinically meaningful categorical discordance exists. Single-score assessment may therefore be misleading. Combined use of multiple validated continence scores with objective functional assessment is recommended for comprehensive ARM follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-026-06491-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T08:50:34Z","timestamp":1782031834000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative analysis of three fecal continence scoring systems in anorectal malformations: inter-score agreement and prognostic factors"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5773-6612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Galib","family":"Bairamovi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5683-204X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d6nder","family":"\u00d6zden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0162-4574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00fclya","family":"Binokay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4670-8461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Recep","family":"Tuncer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"6491_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-2-33","volume":"2","author":"MA Levitt","year":"2007","unstructured":"Levitt MA, Pe\u00f1a A (2007) Anorectal malformations. 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