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We aimed to evaluate global research activities in CDH models using bibliometric analysis over the past three decades.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Studies were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database between 1995 and 2024. Microsoft Excel, GraphPad Prism, and VOSviewer were applied to collect and analyze the bibliometric variables of this field.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 302 original publications from 21 countries were identified. The nitrofen rat model (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 187) was used in most studies, followed by sheep (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 44), and rabbit (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 32) models. The use of mouse models increased over time. The USA leads with the highest number of publications (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 78) and collaborations, and the\n                      <jats:italic>Journal of Pediatric Surgery<\/jats:italic>\n                      published most articles. Main publication topics were developmental biology, pulmonary hypertension and surgical techniques. \u201cCongenital diaphragmatic hernia\u201d, \u201cNitrofen\u201d, and \u201cPulmonary hypoplasia\u201d were the most frequent keywords, while \"Sildenafil\", \"Mice\", and \"Endothelial\" were recent research hotspots.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CDH research model has developed rapidly with increased collaborations and model diversity. Areas of interest varied, with a focus on developmental biology. Mouse models may gain importance to investigate genetic and molecular mechanisms of CDH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-026-06597-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T09:46:34Z","timestamp":1787132794000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bibliometric analysis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia research models: evolution and insights from the past three decades"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Boshen","family":"Shu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Friedmacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Lacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ophelia","family":"Aubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"6597_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-022-00362-w","volume":"8","author":"A Zani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zani A, Chung WK, Deprest J et al (2022) Congenital diaphragmatic hernia. 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