{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T07:07:22Z","timestamp":1789456042998,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Surg Int"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-026-06638-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T06:19:25Z","timestamp":1789453165000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prospective microvessel density profiling across severity of hypospadias: understanding preputial tissue angiogenic deficit and the impact of preoperative testosterone stimulation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0144-5952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vikesh","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4831-5795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramesh","family":"Babu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9395-2961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leena Dennis","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9031-8690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawan","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5887-0426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P. S. Muthu","family":"Subramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neeta","family":"Bhatiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohit","family":"Harchandani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"6638_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.21037\/tau-22-691","volume":"11","author":"Z He","year":"2022","unstructured":"He Z, Yang B, Tang Y, Mao Y (2022) Analysis of factors associated with postoperative complications after primary hypospadias repair: a retrospective study. Transl Androl Urol 11(11):1577\u20131585. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/tau-22-691","journal-title":"Transl Androl Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6638_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12894-022-01051-2","volume":"22","author":"Y Fang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fang Y, Sun N, Song H, Zhang W, Tang Y, Huang L et al (2022) A multicenter study on surgical procedure selection and risk factor analysis of postoperative complications after TIP and Duckett hypospadias repair. BMC Urol 22(1):131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12894-022-01051-2","journal-title":"BMC Urol"},{"issue":"8","key":"6638_CR3","first-page":"725","volume":"27","author":"Z Zhao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao Z, Liu GC, Zhang LY, Fu W, Jia W, Hu JH (2021) [Mean microvessel density of the prepuce and its relationship with the severity of hypospadias and early postoperative complications]. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue 27(8):725\u2013728 PubMed PMID: 34914245","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue"},{"issue":"2","key":"6638_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2010.04.017","volume":"7","author":"M Ca\u011fr\u0131 Sava\u015f","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ca\u011fr\u0131 Sava\u015f M, Kapucuo\u011flu N, G\u00fcrsoy K, Ba\u015fp\u0131nar S (2010) The microvessel density of the hypospadiac prepuce in children. J Pediatr Urol 7(2):162\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpurol.2010.04.017","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6638_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2013.07.003","volume":"10","author":"L Ceyhan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ceyhan L, Cagri Savas M, Baspinar S, Duman L, B\u00fcy\u00fckyavuz BI (2014) The correlation between preputial blood flow and microvessel density in distal hypospadias: a prospective clinical study. J Pediatr Urol 10(1):103\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpurol.2013.07.003","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6638_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000129008.31212.3d","volume":"172","author":"ZI Radojicic","year":"2004","unstructured":"Radojicic ZI, Perovic SV (2004) Classification of prepuce in hypospadias according to morphological abnormalities and their impact on hypospadias repair. J Urol 172(1):301\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.ju.0000129008.31212.3d","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6638_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-025-06022-w","volume":"41","author":"V Agrawal","year":"2025","unstructured":"Agrawal V, Babu R, Joseph LD, Agarwal P (2025) Systematic review and meta-analysis on macrovascular and microvascular anatomy of preputial skin in hypospadias and its implications. Pediatr Surg Int 41(1):121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00383-025-06022-w","journal-title":"Pediatr Surg Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"6638_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.4103\/IJPM.IJPM_792_16","volume":"60","author":"V Narang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Narang V, Sen A, Bhardwaj M (2017) Emerging role of preputial vascular pattern and postoperative microvessel density in cases of proximal hypospadias: a pilot study. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 60(4):521\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/IJPM.IJPM_792_16","journal-title":"Indian J Pathol Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"6638_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1053\/JPSU.2003.50047","volume":"38","author":"G Chalapathi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chalapathi G, Rao KLN, Chowdhary SK, Narasimhan KL, Samujh R, Mahajan JK (2003) Testosterone therapy in microphallic hypospadias: topical or parenteral? J Pediatr Surg 38(2):221\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/JPSU.2003.50047","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"6638_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2025.01.020","volume":"21","author":"R Babu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Babu R, Chandrasekharam VVS (2025) Usefulness topical di-hydro testosterone prior to proximal hypospadias repair in testosterone non-responders. J Pediatr Urol 21(3):633\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpurol.2025.01.020","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"6638_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000003548","volume":"210","author":"KF Godlewski","year":"2023","unstructured":"Godlewski KF, Mittal S, Hyacinthe N, Fischer K, Weaver J, Van Batavia J et al (2023) Does preoperative testosterone administration decrease complications in distal hypospadias repair with urethroplasty? J Urol 210(2):352\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JU.0000000000003548","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"6 SUPPL","key":"6638_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2011.01.035","volume":"185","author":"AN Bastos","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bastos AN, Oliveira LRS, Ferrarez CEPF, De Figueiredo AA, Favorito LA, Bastos Netto JM (2011) Structural study of prepuce in hypospadias-does topical treatment with testosterone produce alterations in prepuce ascularization? J Urol 185(6 SUPPL):2474\u20132478 .2011.01.035 PubMed PMID: 21527202","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6638_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5152\/tud.2025.24132","volume":"51","author":"G Prasad","year":"2025","unstructured":"Prasad G, Himanshu, Dhua AK, Kaushal S, Prabakaran A, Lone SA et al (2025) Comparison of Microvessel Density and Growth Factor Levels Between Inner and Outer Prepuce in Distal Hypospadias*. Urol Res Pract 51(1):1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5152\/tud.2025.24132","journal-title":"Urol Res Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"6638_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1186\/s12894-021-00930-4","volume":"21","author":"P Yuri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yuri P, Gunadi, Lestari RP, Fardilla FP, Dachlan I (2021) Expression of mRNA vascular endothelial growth factor in hypospadias patients. BMC Urol 21(1):163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12894-021-00930-4","journal-title":"BMC Urol"},{"issue":"6S","key":"6638_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2011.01.035","volume":"185","author":"AN Bastos","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bastos AN, Oliveira LRS, Ferrarez CEPF, de Figueiredo AA, Favorito LA, Bastos Netto JM (2011) Structural Study of Prepuce in Hypospadias\u2014Does Topical Treatment With Testosterone Produce Alterations in Prepuce Vascularization? J Urol 185(6S):2474\u20132478. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.juro.2011.01.035","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"6638_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ajps.ajps_160_22","author":"MM Ali","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ali MM (2024) Effect of pre-operative parenteral testosterone on penile dimensions and vascularity in proximal hypospadias: a prospective observational study. Afr J Paediatr Surg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ajps.ajps_160_22","journal-title":"Afr J Paediatr Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"6638_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2024.06.040","volume":"20","author":"M Sennert","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sennert M, Perske C, Fawzy M, Wirmer J, Hadidi AT (2024) The effect of preoperative hormonal stimulation on the urethral plate; A histologic and histochemical study. J Pediatr Urol 20(5):859\u2013864. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpurol.2024.06.040","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6638_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2017.07.009","volume":"14","author":"R Babu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Babu R, Chakravarthi S (2018) The role of preoperative intra muscular testosterone in improving functional and cosmetic outcomes following hypospadias repair: a prospective randomized study. J Pediatr Urol 14(1):29.e1-29.e6","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6638_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000052820.35946.99","volume":"169","author":"SV Perovic","year":"2003","unstructured":"Perovic SV, Radojicic ZI (2003) Vascularization of the hypospadiac prepuce and its impact on hypospadias repair. J Urol 169(3):1098\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.ju.0000052820.35946.99","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"6638_CR20","unstructured":"Lee JW, Lee SH, Lee SJ, Kim KS, Lee KH, Kim HG et al Vascular anatomy of the prepuce in hypospadias: comparison of the normal and hypospadiac prepuce. Urology. 1;74(2):421-5"},{"key":"6638_CR21","unstructured":"Hayashi Y, Kojima Y, Mizuno K, Tozawa K, Sasaki S, Kohri K Vascular anatomy of the prepuce in hypospadias: implications for foreskin pedicle flap in hypospadias repair. J Urol"},{"key":"6638_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2020","volume":"146","author":"A Gupta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gupta A, Sunil K, Singh GP, Kureel SN (2020) Study of Variations in Axial Pattern Vessels of Penile Dartos in Hypospadias and Implied Surgical Significance. Urology 146:201\u2013206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urology.202008.016 PubMed PMID: 32835743","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"3","key":"6638_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s00238-018-1404-5","volume":"41","author":"AJM Cornelissen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cornelissen AJM, van Mulken TJM, Graupner C, Qiu SS, Keuter XHA, van der Hulst RRWJ et al (2018) Near-infrared fluorescence image-guidance in plastic surgery: A systematic review. Eur J Plast Surg 41(3):269\u2013278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00238-018-1404-5","journal-title":"Eur J Plast Surg"},{"issue":"1 Part 2","key":"6638_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)44836-1","volume":"136","author":"RD Walker","year":"1986","unstructured":"Walker RD, Graham B (1986) Measurement of Blood Flow in Hypospadias Flaps with Subvisual Doses of Fluorescein. J Urol 136(1 Part 2):266\u2013267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)44836-1","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"6638_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-014-0881-0","volume":"47","author":"A Elbakry","year":"2015","unstructured":"Elbakry A, Matar A, Zalata K, Zakaria A, Al Atrash G (2015) Microvasculature and healing potential of the inner versus outer preputial skin: preliminary immunohistochemical observations. Int Urol Nephrol 47(2):217\u2013222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11255-014-0881-0 PubMed PMID: 25409933","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"issue":"4","key":"6638_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2019.05.014","volume":"15","author":"TG Casali","year":"2019","unstructured":"Casali TG, Christina de Castro Paiva K, Rodrigues MN, Santana Silva CE, Avarese de Figueiredo A, de Bessa J et al (2019) Topical estradiol increases epidermal thickness and dermal collagen of foreskin prior to hypospadia surgery \u2013 Randomized double blinded controlled trial. J Pediatr Urol 15(4):346\u2013352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpurol.2019.05.014 PubMed PMID: 31253485","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"issue":"6","key":"6638_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2023.07.015","volume":"19","author":"M Fawzy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fawzy M, Marcou M, Sennert M, Wirmer J, Wullich B, Hadidi T (2023) Preoperative hormone stimulation; does it increase hypospadias postoperative complications? J Pediatr Urol 19(6):698. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpurol.2023.07.015. (PubMed PMID: 37524573)","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Surgery International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00383-026-06638-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00383-026-06638-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00383-026-06638-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T06:19:27Z","timestamp":1789453167000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00383-026-06638-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6638"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00383-026-06638-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1437-9813"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1437-9813","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 August 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of Interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Obtained.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"404"}}