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Studies identifying risk factors for the development of anal fistulas are sparse. This study aimed to identify the risk factors for anal fistulas after anal abscess surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a multicentre, retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing acute surgery for anal abscesses in the Capital Region of Denmark between 2018 and 2019. The patients were identified using ICD-10 codes for anal abscesses. Predefined clinicopathological factors and postoperative courses were extracted from patient records.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 475 patients were included. At a median follow-up time of 1108\u00a0days (IQR 946\u20131320\u00a0days) following surgery, 164 (33.7%) patients were diagnosed with an anal fistula. Risk factors for developing fistulas were low intersphincteric (OR 2.77, 95CI 1.50\u20135.06) and ischioanal (OR 2.48, 95CI 1.36\u20134.47) abscesses, Crohn\u2019s disease (OR 5.96, 95CI 2.33\u201317.2), a history of recurrent anal abscesses (OR 4.14, 95CI 2.47\u20137.01) or repeat surgery (OR 5.96, 95CI 2.33\u201317.2),\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      -positive pus cultures (OR 4.06, 1.56\u201311.4) or preoperative C-reactive protein (CRP) of more than 100\u00a0mg\/L (OR 3.21, 95CI 1.57\u20136.71).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Several significant clinical risk factors were associated with fistula development following anal abscess surgery. These findings are clinically relevant and could influence the selection of patients for specialised follow-up, facilitate expedited diagnosis, and potentially prevent unnecessarily long treatment courses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-023-04576-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]],"date-time":"2023-12-13T12:01:52Z","timestamp":1702468912000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Fistula development after anal abscess drainage\u2014a multicentre retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3270-5956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel Mark","family":"Skovgaards","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helene","family":"Perregaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian Bakholdt","family":"Dibbern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Nordholm-Carstensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"4576_CR1","first-page":"501","volume":"103","author":"S Eisenhammer","year":"1956","unstructured":"Eisenhammer S (1956) The internal anal sphincter and the anorectal abscess. 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