{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T17:42:34Z","timestamp":1789494154888,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761782400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Colorectal Dis"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-025-05010-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T23:42:56Z","timestamp":1761781376000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Taiwan society of colon and rectal surgeons\u2019 consensus on the management of hemorrhoidal disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Tsung-Kun","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao-Wei","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pao-Shiu","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shih-Ching","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wan Hsiang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching-Wen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng-Fan","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsiang-Lin","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-Tung","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chien-Kuo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaw-Yuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"5010_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)90828-O","volume":"98","author":"JF Johanson","year":"1990","unstructured":"Johanson JF, Sonnenberg A (1990) The prevalence of hemorrhoids and chronic constipation. An epidemiologic study. Gastroenterology 98(2):380\u2013386","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"5010_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.2174\/1574887115666200406115150","volume":"16","author":"F Pata","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pata F et al (2021) Anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology of haemorrhoids. Rev Recent Clin Trials 16(1):75\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1574887115666200406115150","journal-title":"Rev Recent Clin Trials"},{"issue":"7","key":"5010_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800810707","volume":"81","author":"PB Loder","year":"1994","unstructured":"Loder PB et al (1994) Haemorrhoids: pathology, pathophysiology and aetiology. Br J Surg 81(7):946\u2013954. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bjs.1800810707","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"5010_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-011-1316-3","volume":"27","author":"S Riss","year":"2012","unstructured":"Riss S et al (2012) The prevalence of hemorrhoids in adults. Int J Colorectal Dis 27(2):215\u2013220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00384-011-1316-3","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"5010_CR5","first-page":"10","volume":"3","author":"D Carter","year":"2013","unstructured":"Carter D et al (2013) Prevalence and clinical associations of hemorrhoids at screening colonoscopy. World J Colorectal Surg 3(2):10","journal-title":"World J Colorectal Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"5010_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1177\/2040622317713957","volume":"8","author":"SR Brown","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brown SR (2017) Haemorrhoids: an update on management. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 8(10):141\u2013147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2040622317713957","journal-title":"Ther Adv Chronic Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"5010_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3966\/181020932021121904001","volume":"19","author":"Y-S Yao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yao Y-S, Lan T-Y, Tang G-J (2021) Characteristics of hemorrhoids patients in Taiwan- a descriptive analysis based on the national health insurance database. Fu-Jen J Med 19(4):1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3966\/181020932021121904001","journal-title":"Fu-Jen J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"5010_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.2026","volume":"10","author":"S Sureshkumar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sureshkumar S et al (2018) Clinical tests combined with color Doppler versus color Doppler alone in identifying incompetent perforator veins of the lower limb: a prospective analytical study. Cureus 10(1):e2026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.2026","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"31","key":"5010_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9245","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i31.9245","volume":"21","author":"V Lohsiriwat","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lohsiriwat V (2015) Treatment of hemorrhoids: a coloproctologist\u2019s view. World J Gastroenterol 21(31):9245\u20139252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v21.i31.9245","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"7","key":"5010_CR10","first-page":"677","volume":"169","author":"HJ Sch\u00fcnemann","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sch\u00fcnemann HJ et al (2003) Letters, numbers, symbols and words: how to communicate grades of evidence and recommendations. CMAJ 169(7):677\u2013680","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"issue":"7","key":"5010_CR11","first-page":"398","volume":"81","author":"L Banov Jr","year":"1985","unstructured":"Banov L Jr et al (1985) Management of hemorrhoidal disease. J S C Med Assoc 81(7):398\u2013401","journal-title":"J S C Med Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"5010_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v25.i1.69","volume":"25","author":"T Aoki","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aoki T et al (2019) Initial management for acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding. World J Gastroenterol 25(1):69\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v25.i1.69","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5010_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2021.06.020","volume":"45","author":"J Hong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hong J et al (2022) Socio-demographic factors and lifestyle associated with symptomatic hemorrhoids: big data analysis using the National Health insurance service-national health screening cohort (NHIS-HEALS) database in Korea. Asian J Surg 45(1):353\u2013359","journal-title":"Asian J Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"5010_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-03838-z","volume":"12","author":"YS Hong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hong YS et al (2022) Risk factors for hemorrhoidal disease among healthy young and middle-aged Korean adults. Sci Rep 12(1):129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-03838-z","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"5010_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0139100","volume":"10","author":"AF Peery","year":"2015","unstructured":"Peery AF et al (2015) Risk factors for hemorrhoids on screening colonoscopy. PLoS ONE 10(9):e0139100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0139100","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"5010_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2021.729166","volume":"8","author":"S De Marco","year":"2021","unstructured":"De Marco S, Tiso D (2021) Lifestyle and risk factors in hemorrhoidal disease. Front Surg 8:729166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fsurg.2021.729166","journal-title":"Front Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"5010_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.00359.x","volume":"101","author":"P Alonso-Coello","year":"2006","unstructured":"Alonso-Coello P et al (2006) Fiber for the treatment of hemorrhoids complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 101(1):181\u2013188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.00359.x","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5010_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02553653","volume":"25","author":"F Moesgaard","year":"1982","unstructured":"Moesgaard F et al (1982) High-fiber diet reduces bleeding and pain in patients with hemorrhoids: a double-blind trial of Vi-Siblin. Dis Colon Rectum 25(5):454\u2013456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02553653","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"6","key":"5010_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.5455\/JPMA.300504","volume":"70","author":"SM Hussain","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hussain SM et al (2020) Experience with Haemorrhoidal artery ligation under direct vision at a tertiary care hospital: a case series. J Pak Med Assoc 70(6):1089\u20131093. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5455\/JPMA.300504","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc"},{"key":"5010_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Malik F et al (2019) 2820 A retrospective study to assess safety and efficacy of the HET bipolar ligator system for the treatment of grade I and II internal hemorrhoids. Off J Am Coll Gastroenterol | ACG 114:S1555. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14309\/01.ajg.0000600812.99559.24","DOI":"10.14309\/01.ajg.0000600812.99559.24"},{"issue":"11","key":"5010_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-018-0794-x","volume":"35","author":"EA Zagriadskii","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zagriadskii EA, Bogomazov AM, Golovko EB (2018) Conservative treatment of hemorrhoids: results of an observational multicenter study. Adv Ther 35(11):1979\u20131992. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12325-018-0794-x","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"key":"5010_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2018.05.011","volume":"39","author":"Z Aziz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aziz Z et al (2018) Efficacy and tolerability of micronized purified flavonoid fractions (MPFF) for haemorrhoids: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Med 39:49\u201355","journal-title":"Complement Ther Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"5010_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2792","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-020-01353-7","volume":"37","author":"P Sheikh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sheikh P, Lohsiriwat V, Shelygin Y (2020) Micronized purified flavonoid fraction in hemorrhoid disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Adv Ther 37(6):2792\u20132812. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12325-020-01353-7","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"5010_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-003-0119-1","volume":"47","author":"F La Torre","year":"2004","unstructured":"La Torre F, Nicolai AP (2004) Clinical use of micronized purified flavonoid fraction for treatment of symptoms after hemorrhoidectomy: results of a randomized, controlled, clinical trial. Dis Colon Rectum 47(5):704\u2013710. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10350-003-0119-1","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"5010_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114321","volume":"281","author":"P-Y Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen P-Y et al (2021) Revealing the mechanism of \u201cHuai Hua San\u201d in the treatment of ulcerative colitis based on network pharmacology and experimental study. J Ethnopharmacol 281:114321","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5010_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.3892\/br.2016.720","volume":"5","author":"V Rathnavelu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rathnavelu V et al (2016) Potential role of bromelain in clinical and therapeutic applications. Biomed Rep 5(3):283\u2013288","journal-title":"Biomed Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"5010_CR27","first-page":"771","volume":"14","author":"F Inchingolo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Inchingolo F et al (2010) Clinical trial with bromelain in third molar exodontia. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 14(9):771\u2013774","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"5010_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.5378","volume":"93","author":"P Alonso-Coello","year":"2006","unstructured":"Alonso-Coello P et al (2006) Meta-analysis of flavonoids for the treatment of haemorrhoids. Br J Surg 93(8):909\u2013920. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bjs.5378","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"5010_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02048023","volume":"38","author":"HM MacRae","year":"1995","unstructured":"MacRae HM, McLeod RS (1995) Comparison of hemorrhoidal treatment modalities. A meta-analysis. Dis Colon Rectum 38(7):687\u2013694. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02048023","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"1","key":"5010_CR30","first-page":"14","volume":"40","author":"HM MacRae","year":"1997","unstructured":"MacRae HM, McLeod RS (1997) Comparison of hemorrhoidal treatments: a meta-analysis. Can J Surg 40(1):14\u201317","journal-title":"Can J Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"5010_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02049406","volume":"35","author":"R Bleday","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bleday R et al (1992) Symptomatic hemorrhoids: current incidence and complications of operative therapy. Dis Colon Rectum 35(5):477\u2013481. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02049406","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"8","key":"5010_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-004-0591-2","volume":"47","author":"VS Iyer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Iyer VS, Shrier I, Gordon PH (2004) Long-term outcome of rubber band ligation for symptomatic primary and recurrent internal hemorrhoids. Dis Colon Rectum 47(8):1364\u20131370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10350-004-0591-2","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"1","key":"5010_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.11138\/gchir\/2017.38.1.005","volume":"38","author":"G Cocorullo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cocorullo G (2017) The non-surgical management for hemorrhoidal disease. A systematic review. G Chir 38(1):5\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11138\/gchir\/2017.38.1.005","journal-title":"G Chir"},{"issue":"11","key":"5010_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02554977","volume":"26","author":"IT Khubchandani","year":"1983","unstructured":"Khubchandani IT (1983) A randomized comparison of single and multiple rubber band ligations. Dis Colon Rectum 26(11):705\u2013708. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02554977","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"5","key":"5010_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02563683","volume":"32","author":"D Marshman","year":"1989","unstructured":"Marshman D et al (1989) Hemorrhoidal ligation. A review of efficacy. Dis Colon Rectum 32(5):369\u2013371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02563683","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"2","key":"5010_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02554954","volume":"30","author":"DG Wechter","year":"1987","unstructured":"Wechter DG, Luna GK (1987) An unusual complication of rubber band ligation of hemorrhoids. Dis Colon Rectum 30(2):137\u2013140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02554954","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"3","key":"5010_CR37","first-page":"383","volume":"103","author":"FJ Scarpa","year":"1988","unstructured":"Scarpa FJ, Hillis W, Sabetta JR (1988) Pelvic cellulitis: a life-threatening complication of hemorrhoidal banding. Surgery 103(3):383\u2013385","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"9","key":"5010_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.4240\/wjgs.v8.i9.614","volume":"8","author":"A Albuquerque","year":"2016","unstructured":"Albuquerque A (2016) Rubber band ligation of hemorrhoids: a guide for complications. World J Gastrointest Surg 8(9):614\u2013620. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4240\/wjgs.v8.i9.614","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"5010_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3393\/ac.2022.00598.0085","volume":"39","author":"IJY Wee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wee IJY et al (2023) Laser hemorrhoidoplasty versus conventional hemorrhoidectomy for grade II\/III hemorrhoids: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Coloproctol 39(1):3\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3393\/ac.2022.00598.0085","journal-title":"Ann Coloproctol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5010_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1007\/s13304-023-01480-0","volume":"75","author":"E Ram","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ram E et al (2023) Laser hemorrhoidoplasty for II-IV grade hemorrhoids: should we treat them the same? Updates Surg 75(3):635\u2013642. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13304-023-01480-0","journal-title":"Updates Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"5010_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2013.05.014","volume":"78","author":"SV Kantsevoy","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kantsevoy SV, Bitner M (2013) Nonsurgical treatment of actively bleeding internal hemorrhoids with a novel endoscopic device (with video). Gastrointest Endosc 78(4):649\u2013653. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gie.2013.05.014","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"issue":"5","key":"5010_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200012050-00010","volume":"12","author":"AC Poen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Poen AC et al (2000) A randomized controlled trial of rubber band ligation versus infra-red coagulation in the treatment of internal haemorrhoids. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 12(5):535\u2013539. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00042737-200012050-00010","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5010_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-006-0299-5","volume":"10","author":"CF Marques","year":"2006","unstructured":"Marques CF et al (2006) Early results of the treatment of internal hemorrhoid disease by infrared coagulation and elastic banding: a prospective randomized cross-over trial. Tech Coloproctol 10(4):312\u2013317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10151-006-0299-5","journal-title":"Tech Coloproctol"},{"issue":"9","key":"5010_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800720924","volume":"72","author":"GA Khoury","year":"1985","unstructured":"Khoury GA et al (1985) A randomized trial to compare single with multiple phenol injection treatment for haemorrhoids. Br J Surg 72(9):741\u2013742. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bjs.1800720924","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"5010_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1177\/014107688808100309","volume":"81","author":"CV Mann","year":"1988","unstructured":"Mann CV, Motson R, Clifton M (1988) The immediate response to injection therapy for first-degree haemorrhoids. J R Soc Med 81(3):146\u2013148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/014107688808100309","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"5010_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-022-02600-5","volume":"26","author":"P Salgueiro","year":"2022","unstructured":"Salgueiro P et al (2022) Polidocanol foam sclerotherapy in the treatment of hemorrhoidal disease in patients with bleeding disorders: a multicenter, prospective, cohort study. Tech Coloproctol 26(8):615\u2013625. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10151-022-02600-5","journal-title":"Tech Coloproctol"},{"issue":"8","key":"5010_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1007\/s00595-012-0365-8","volume":"43","author":"T Yano","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yano T et al (2013) Outcomes of case-matched injection sclerotherapy with a new agent for hemorrhoids in patients treated with or without blood thinners. Surg Today 43(8):854\u2013858. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00595-012-0365-8","journal-title":"Surg Today"},{"issue":"3","key":"5010_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/s0039-6109(16)41530-6","volume":"58","author":"JG Buls","year":"1978","unstructured":"Buls JG, Goldberg SM (1978) Modern management of hemorrhoids. Surg Clin North Am 58(3):469\u2013478. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0039-6109(16)41530-6","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"11","key":"5010_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-004-0679-8","volume":"47","author":"PJ Nisar","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nisar PJ et al (2004) Stapled hemorrhoidopexy compared with conventional hemorrhoidectomy: systematic review of randomized, controlled trials. Dis Colon Rectum 47(11):1837\u20131845. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10350-004-0679-8","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"4","key":"5010_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Cd005393","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005393.pub2","volume":"2006","author":"KJ Lumb","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lumb KJ et al (2006) Stapled versus conventional surgery for hemorrhoids. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006(4):Cd005393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD005393.pub2","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"5010_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.2008.591","volume":"144","author":"P Giordano","year":"2009","unstructured":"Giordano P et al (2009) Long-term outcomes of stapled hemorrhoidopexy vs conventional hemorrhoidectomy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Surg 144(3):266\u2013272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archsurg.2008.591","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"5010_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-005-0297-1","volume":"30","author":"JY Wang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wang JY et al (2006) Randomized controlled trial of LigaSure with submucosal dissection versus Ferguson hemorrhoidectomy for prolapsed hemorrhoids. World J Surg 30(3):462\u2013466. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00268-005-0297-1","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"5010_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-007-0260-3","volume":"50","author":"JY Wang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wang JY et al (2007) Prospective, randomized, controlled trial of Starion vs Ligasure hemorrhoidectomy for prolapsed hemorrhoids. Dis Colon Rectum 50(8):1146\u20131151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10350-007-0260-3","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"9","key":"5010_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1007\/DCR.0b013e3181af50f4","volume":"52","author":"P Giordano","year":"2009","unstructured":"Giordano P et al (2009) Transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization: a systematic review. Dis Colon Rectum 52(9):1665\u20131671. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/DCR.0b013e3181af50f4","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"10","key":"5010_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-010-0951-4","volume":"25","author":"NP Forrest","year":"2010","unstructured":"Forrest NP et al (2010) Doppler-guided haemorrhoidal artery ligation with recto anal repair: a new technique for the treatment of symptomatic haemorrhoids. Int J Colorectal Dis 25(10):1251\u20131256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00384-010-0951-4","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"5010_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1007\/DCR.0b013e318201d31c","volume":"54","author":"JL Faucheron","year":"2011","unstructured":"Faucheron JL et al (2011) Doppler-guided hemorrhoidal artery ligation and rectoanal repair (HAL-RAR) for the treatment of grade IV hemorrhoids: long-term results in 100 consecutive patients. Dis Colon Rectum 54(2):226\u2013231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/DCR.0b013e318201d31c","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"1","key":"5010_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-011-0796-z","volume":"16","author":"MS Sajid","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sajid MS et al (2012) A systematic review comparing transanal haemorrhoidal de-arterialisation to stapled haemorrhoidopexy in the management of haemorrhoidal disease. Tech Coloproctol 16(1):1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10151-011-0796-z","journal-title":"Tech Coloproctol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5010_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-003-0517-9","volume":"19","author":"A Bursics","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bursics A et al (2004) Comparison of early and 1-year follow-up results of conventional hemorrhoidectomy and hemorrhoid artery ligation: a randomized study. Int J Colorectal Dis 19(2):176\u2013180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00384-003-0517-9","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"issue":"88","key":"5010_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/hta20880","volume":"20","author":"S Brown","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brown S et al (2016) The HubBLe trial: haemorrhoidal artery ligation (HAL) versus rubber band ligation (RBL) for symptomatic second- and third-degree haemorrhoids: a multicentre randomised controlled trial and health-economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess 20(88):1\u2013150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3310\/hta20880","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"issue":"8","key":"5010_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-006-0244-0","volume":"22","author":"WS Huang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Huang WS et al (2007) Randomized comparison between stapled hemorrhoidopexy and Ferguson hemorrhoidectomy for grade III hemorrhoids in Taiwan: a prospective study. Int J Colorectal Dis 22(8):955\u2013961. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00384-006-0244-0","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"issue":"70","key":"5010_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/hta21700","volume":"21","author":"AJ Watson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Watson AJ et al (2017) A pragmatic multicentre randomised controlled trial comparing stapled haemorrhoidopexy with traditional excisional surgery for haemorrhoidal disease: the eTHoS study. Health Technol Assess 21(70):1\u2013224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3310\/hta21700","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"issue":"2","key":"5010_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-005-0786-6","volume":"21","author":"P Lan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lan P et al (2006) The safety and efficacy of stapled hemorrhoidectomy in the treatment of hemorrhoids: a systematic review and meta-analysis of ten randomized control trials. Int J Colorectal Dis 21(2):172\u2013178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00384-005-0786-6","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"5010_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-007-0308-4","volume":"50","author":"S Jayaraman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jayaraman S, Colquhoun PH, Malthaner RA (2007) Stapled hemorrhoidopexy is associated with a higher long-term recurrence rate of internal hemorrhoids compared with conventional excisional hemorrhoid surgery. Dis Colon Rectum 50(9):1297\u20131305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10350-007-0308-4","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"6","key":"5010_CR64","first-page":"753","volume":"58","author":"G Angelone","year":"2006","unstructured":"Angelone G, Giardiello C, Prota C (2006) Stapled hemorrhoidopexy. Complications and 2-year follow-up. Chir Ital 58(6):753\u2013760","journal-title":"Chir Ital"},{"issue":"4","key":"5010_CR65","first-page":"238","volume":"93","author":"E Linares Santiago","year":"2001","unstructured":"Linares Santiago E et al (2001) Effectiveness of hemorrhoidal treatment by rubber band ligation and infrared photocoagulation. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 93(4):238\u2013247","journal-title":"Rev Esp Enferm Dig"},{"issue":"9","key":"5010_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-004-6719-6","volume":"46","author":"J Jongen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jongen J et al (2003) Excision of thrombosed external hemorrhoid under local anesthesia: a retrospective evaluation of 340 patients. Dis Colon Rectum 46(9):1226\u20131231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10350-004-6719-6","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"5","key":"5010_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1097\/dcr.0000000000003276","volume":"67","author":"AT Hawkins","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hawkins AT et al (2024) The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons clinical practice guidelines for the management of hemorrhoids. Dis Colon Rectum 67(5):614\u2013623. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/dcr.0000000000003276","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"9","key":"5010_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-004-0607-y","volume":"47","author":"J Greenspon","year":"2004","unstructured":"Greenspon J et al (2004) Thrombosed external hemorrhoids: outcome after conservative or surgical management. Dis Colon Rectum 47(9):1493\u20131498. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10350-004-0607-y","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"6","key":"5010_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/s1297-9589(03)00127-9","volume":"31","author":"L Abramowitz","year":"2003","unstructured":"Abramowitz L, Batallan A (2003) \u00c9pid\u00e9miologie des l\u00e9sions anales (fissure et thrombose h\u00e9morro\u00efdaire externe) pendant la grossesse et le post-partum. Gynecol Obstet Fertil 31(6):546\u2013549. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1297-9589(03)00127-9","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Fertil"},{"issue":"10","key":"5010_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2011.06.015","volume":"40","author":"L Abramowitz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Abramowitz L et al (2011) Haemorrhoidal disease in pregnancy. Presse Med 40(10):955\u2013959. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lpm.2011.06.015","journal-title":"Presse Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"5010_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.10.003","volume":"31","author":"BH Shirah","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shirah BH et al (2018) Hemorrhoids during pregnancy: sitz bath vs. ano-rectal cream: a comparative prospective study of two conservative treatment protocols. Women Birth 31(4):e272\u2013e277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.10.003","journal-title":"Women Birth"},{"issue":"3","key":"5010_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02090166","volume":"34","author":"RG Saleeby","year":"1991","unstructured":"Saleeby RG et al (1991) Hemorrhoidectomy during pregnancy: risk or relief? Dis Colon Rectum 34(3):260\u2013261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02090166","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"2","key":"5010_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1007\/s13304-023-01741-y","volume":"76","author":"Y Medkova","year":"2024","unstructured":"Medkova Y et al (2024) Thrombosed external hemorrhoids during pregnancy: surgery versus conservative treatment. Updates Surg 76(2):539\u2013545. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13304-023-01741-y","journal-title":"Updates Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"5010_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1007\/bf02238565","volume":"42","author":"E Morandi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Morandi E et al (1999) Prospective study of healing time after hemorrhoidectomy: influence of HIV infection, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and anal wound infection. Dis Colon Rectum 42(9):1140\u20131144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf02238565","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"1","key":"5010_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/bf01648552","volume":"4","author":"P Buchmann","year":"1989","unstructured":"Buchmann P, Seefeld U (1989) Rubber band ligation for piles can be disastrous in HIV-positive patients. Int J Colorectal Dis 4(1):57\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf01648552","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"5010_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/bf02234740","volume":"44","author":"M Scaglia","year":"2001","unstructured":"Scaglia M et al (2001) Injection treatment of hemorrhoids in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Dis Colon Rectum 44(3):401\u2013404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf02234740","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"5010_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2023.1290706","volume":"10","author":"F Pata","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pata F et al (2023) Sclerobanding in the treatment of second and third degree hemorrhoidal disease in high risk patients on antiplatelet\/anticoagulant therapy without suspension: a pilot study. Front Surg 10:1290706. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fsurg.2023.1290706","journal-title":"Front Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"5010_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-016-1481-z","volume":"20","author":"S Atallah","year":"2016","unstructured":"Atallah S et al (2016) Transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization (THD): a safe procedure for the anticoagulated patient? Tech Coloproctol 20(7):461\u2013466. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10151-016-1481-z","journal-title":"Tech Coloproctol"},{"issue":"8634","key":"5010_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(89)91724-8","volume":"1","author":"SW Hosking","year":"1989","unstructured":"Hosking SW et al (1989) Anorectal varices, haemorrhoids, and portal hypertension. Lancet 1(8634):349\u2013352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(89)91724-8","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10","key":"5010_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-020-01194-y","volume":"125","author":"F Giurazza","year":"2020","unstructured":"Giurazza F et al (2020) Emborrhoid in patients with portal hypertension and chronic hemorrhoidal bleeding: preliminary results in five cases with a new coiling release fashion \u201cSpaghetti technique.\u201d Radiol Med 125(10):1008\u20131011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11547-020-01194-y","journal-title":"Radiol Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"5010_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-021-03900-2","volume":"36","author":"V Komporozos","year":"2021","unstructured":"Komporozos V et al (2021) Rubber band ligation of symptomatic hemorrhoids: an old solution to an everyday problem. Int J Colorectal Dis 36(8):1723\u20131729. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00384-021-03900-2","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"5010_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1159\/000540702","volume":"32","author":"SB Ponte","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ponte SB et al (2025) Treatment of hemorrhoidal disease in patients with liver cirrhosis: a systematic review. GE Port J Gastroenterol 32(2):95\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000540702","journal-title":"GE Port J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"5010_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230x-13-47","volume":"13","author":"S D\u2019Ugo","year":"2013","unstructured":"D\u2019Ugo S et al (2013) Medical and surgical treatment of haemorrhoids and anal fissure in Crohn\u2019s disease: a critical appraisal. BMC Gastroenterol 13:47. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-230x-13-47","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"9","key":"5010_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1318.2006.01028.x","volume":"8","author":"JM McCloud","year":"2006","unstructured":"McCloud JM, Jameson JS, Scott AN (2006) Life-threatening sepsis following treatment for haemorrhoids: a systematic review. Colorectal Dis 8(9):748\u2013755. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1463-1318.2006.01028.x","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"5010_CR85","unstructured":"D'Ugo S et al (2015) Hemorrhoids and anal fissures in inflammatory bowel disease. Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol 61(4):223\u201333. R08Y9999N00A150011"},{"issue":"9","key":"5010_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izz255","volume":"26","author":"AL Lightner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lightner AL et al (2020) Excisional hemorrhoidectomy: safe in patients with Crohn\u2019s disease? Inflamm Bowel Dis 26(9):1390\u20131393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ibd\/izz255","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"5010_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.86a.18079","volume":"86","author":"TB Cengiz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cengiz TB, Gorgun E (2019) Hemorrhoids: a range of treatments. Cleve Clin J Med 86(9):612\u2013620. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3949\/ccjm.86a.18079","journal-title":"Cleve Clin J Med"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Colorectal Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00384-025-05010-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00384-025-05010-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00384-025-05010-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T23:43:00Z","timestamp":1761781380000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00384-025-05010-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5010"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00384-025-05010-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-1262"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-1262","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 October 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This type of study does not need ethical approval.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"This type of study does not need informed consent.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"224"}}