{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T02:09:01Z","timestamp":1777860541303,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82270676"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82270676"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Taishan Young Scholars Program of Shandong Province","award":["tsqn202306395"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["tsqn202306395"]}]},{"name":"2023 Qingdao Technology Benefiting Demonstration Project","award":["23-2-8-smjk-8-nsh"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-2-8-smjk-8-nsh"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Colorectal Dis"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-025-05029-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T16:46:40Z","timestamp":1764694000000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Development and application of an artificial intelligence-assisted endoscopic system for automatic and accurate diagnosis of colorectal ulcers"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Zhihang","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinyuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinkun","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiping","family":"Xin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuigeng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"5029_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"s1","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-318484","volume":"68","author":"CA Lamb","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lamb CA et al (2019) British Society of Gastroenterology consensus guidelines on the management of inflammatory bowel disease in adults. Gut 68(Suppl 3):s1\u2013s106","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"3","key":"5029_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2023.03.010","volume":"49","author":"G Hatemi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hatemi G et al (2023) Beh\u00e7et syndrome. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 49(3):585\u2013602","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"5029_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-022-02171-7","volume":"22","author":"H Maulahela","year":"2022","unstructured":"Maulahela H et al (2022) Recent advances in the diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis. BMC Gastroenterol 22(1):89","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5029_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2008.162","volume":"104","author":"MA Almadi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Almadi MA, Ghosh S, Aljebreen AM (2009) Differentiating intestinal tuberculosis from Crohn\u2019s disease: a diagnostic challenge. Am J Gastroenterol 104(4):1003\u20131012","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"8","key":"5029_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/94068","volume":"28","author":"M Olszewska-Szopa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Olszewska-Szopa M, Wr\u00f3bel T (2019) Gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Adv Clin Exp Med 28(8):1119\u20131124","journal-title":"Adv Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"5029_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(2021) Chinese consensus on diagnosis and treatment in inflammatory bowel disease (2018, Beijing). J Dig Dis 22(6):298\u2013317","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-2980.12994"},{"key":"5029_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24098176","author":"K He","year":"2023","unstructured":"He K, Yan X, Wu D (2023) Intestinal Behcet\u2019s disease: a review of the immune mechanism and present and potential biological agents. Int J Mol Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24098176","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"5029_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2013.05.008","volume":"45","author":"T Matysiak-Budnik","year":"2013","unstructured":"Matysiak-Budnik T et al (2013) Primary intestinal B-cell lymphoma: a prospective multicentre clinical study of 91 cases. Dig Liver Dis 45(11):947\u2013952","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"5029_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2019.12.006","volume":"68","author":"JC Gore","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gore JC (2020) Artificial intelligence in medical imaging. Magn Reson Imaging 68:A1-a4","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"5029_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2022.102444","volume":"79","author":"X Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen X et al (2022) Recent advances and clinical applications of deep learning in medical image analysis. Med Image Anal 79:102444","journal-title":"Med Image Anal"},{"key":"5029_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohamed AAA et al (2013) Colon disease diagnosis with convolutional neural network and grasshopper optimization algorithm. Diagnostics (Basel) 13(10)","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13101728"},{"key":"5029_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102802","volume":"88","author":"F Shamshad","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shamshad F et al (2023) Transformers in medical imaging: a survey. Med Image Anal 88:102802","journal-title":"Med Image Anal"},{"key":"5029_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xie S et al (2017) Aggregated residual transformations for deep neural networks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.634"},{"key":"5029_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zagoruyko S, Komodakis N (2016) Wide residual networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:1605.07146","DOI":"10.5244\/C.30.87"},{"key":"5029_CR15","unstructured":"Tan M, Le Q (2019) Efficientnet: rethinking model scaling for convolutional neural networks. In: International conference on machine learning. PMLR"},{"key":"5029_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41095-023-0364-2","author":"M-H Guo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guo M-H et al (2023) Visual attention network. Comput Vis Media. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41095-023-0364-2","journal-title":"Comput Vis Media"},{"key":"5029_CR17","first-page":"15908","volume":"34","author":"K Han","year":"2021","unstructured":"Han K et al (2021) Transformer in transformer. Adv Neural Inf Process Syst 34:15908\u201315919","journal-title":"Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"5029_CR18","unstructured":"Chu X et al (2021) Twins: revisiting the design of spatial attention in vision transformers.\u00a0Adv Neural Inf Process Syst\u00a034:9355\u20139366"},{"key":"5029_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karras T et al (2020) Analyzing and improving the image quality of stylegan. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00813"},{"issue":"2","key":"5029_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0006-341X.2000.00345.x","volume":"56","author":"W Leisenring","year":"2000","unstructured":"Leisenring W, Alonzo T, Pepe MS (2000) Comparisons of predictive values of binary medical diagnostic tests for paired designs. Biometrics 56(2):345\u2013351","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"5029_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1097\/00054725-200108000-00010","volume":"7","author":"CR Lee","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lee CR et al (2001) Colonoscopic findings in intestinal Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 7(3):243\u2013249","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"5029_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0000000000000687","volume":"37","author":"K Panneerselvam","year":"2021","unstructured":"Panneerselvam K, Goyal S, Shirwaikar Thomas A (2021) Ileo-colonic lymphoma: presentation, diagnosis, and management. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 37(1):52\u201358","journal-title":"Curr Opin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"8","key":"5029_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2141","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.15433","volume":"36","author":"JM Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim JM et al (2021) Deep-learning system for real-time differentiation between Crohn\u2019s disease, intestinal Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease, and intestinal tuberculosis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 36(8):2141\u20132148","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5029_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000064","volume":"114","author":"Y He","year":"2019","unstructured":"He Y et al (2019) Development and validation of a novel diagnostic nomogram to differentiate between intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn\u2019s disease: a 6-year prospective multicenter study. Am J Gastroenterol 114(3):490\u2013499","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5029_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-022-02519-z","volume":"22","author":"S Zeng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zeng S et al (2022) Differential diagnosis of Crohn\u2019s disease and intestinal tuberculosis: development and assessment of a nomogram prediction model. BMC Gastroenterol 22(1):461","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Colorectal Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00384-025-05029-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00384-025-05029-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00384-025-05029-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T00:53:19Z","timestamp":1764723199000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00384-025-05029-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5029"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00384-025-05029-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-1262"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-1262","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the AHQDU (Ethics Code: QYFYEC2023-19).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all patients for the prospective study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The study was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Center (ChiCTR2300073620).","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Registry and the registration"}}],"article-number":"242"}}