{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T16:25:38Z","timestamp":1792254338455,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"S2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]],"date-time":"2021-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627603200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]],"date-time":"2021-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008001","name":"Universit\u00e4t zu K\u00f6ln","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Z Gerontol Geriat"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Experiences of abuse in relationships with an expectation of trust are a\u00a0common phenomenon among older people and is called elder abuse (EA). This can take various forms, such as physical, verbal, emotional, psychological, financial, sexual abuse or neglect. Due to their high vulnerability and difficulties in receiving support, people aged over\u00a080 years old have been pointed out as a\u00a0group that needs special focus in research.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Prevalence, risk factors and consequences of EA for different aspects of quality of life are explored among the oldest old.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Computer-assisted personal interviews were conducted in a\u00a0representative sample of the oldest old in North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany). 988 self-report interviews without third persons present of the NRW80+ study are used to assess EA with the help of the elder abuse and emotional consequences scale (EACS). The EACS describes EA in six dimensions that give a\u00a0broad understanding of EA.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Prevalence of experiences of EA within the last 12 months was 54.1%. In logistic regression, multimorbidity, lower functioning, age below 90\u00a0years, smaller social network size, and aggressive behaviorwere significant risk factors for EA. People experiencing EA showed less life satisfaction and autonomy and increased loneliness and depressive symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>EA is prevalent among the oldest old. Serious consequences of EA on life results can be shown with a\u00a0broad operationalization of EA. Future research should focus on a\u00a0deeper understanding of reasons for EA and reflect on the relationship between and the perspectives of perpetrators and victims.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00391-021-01945-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]],"date-time":"2021-07-30T23:10:12Z","timestamp":1627686612000},"page":"132-137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Elder abuse in the oldest old: prevalence, risk factors and consequences","Gewalterfahrungen in der Hochaltrigkeit: Pr\u00e4valenz, Risikofaktoren und Auswirkungen"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Thomas","family":"Brijoux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Neise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Zank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"1945_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8260.1996.tb01159.x","volume":"35","author":"M Barkham","year":"1996","unstructured":"Barkham\u00a0M, Hardy\u00a0GH, Startup\u00a0M (1996) The IIP-32: a short version of the inventory of interpersonal problems. Br J Clin Psychol 35:21\u201335","journal-title":"Br J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"1945_CR2","unstructured":"Destasis (2018) Wirtschaftsrechnungen. Laufende Wirtschaftsrechnungen. Einkommen, Einnahmen und Ausgaben privater Haushalte. https:\/\/www.destatis.de\/DE\/Themen\/Gesellschaft-Umwelt\/Einkommen-Konsum-Lebensbedingungen\/Einkommen-Einnahmen-Ausgaben\/Publikationen\/Downloads-Einkommen\/einnahmen-ausgaben-privater-haushalte-2150100177004.pdf?__blob=publicationFile. Accessed 19\u00a0July 2021"},{"key":"1945_CR3","unstructured":"Destasis (2019) Bev\u00f6lkerung im Wandel. Annahmen und Ergebnisse der 14 koordinierten Bev\u00f6lkerungsvorausberechnung. https:\/\/www.destatis.de\/DE\/Presse\/Pressekonferenzen\/2019\/Bevoelkerung\/pressebroschuere-bevoelkerung.pdf?__blob=publicationFile. Accessed 19\u00a0July 2021"},{"key":"1945_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000341652","author":"X Dong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dong\u00a0X, Chen\u00a0R, Chang\u00a0E, Simon\u00a0M (2013) Elder abuse and psychological well-being: a systematic review and implications for research and policy\u2014a mini review. Gerontology (59):132\u2013142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000341652","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"1945_CR5","unstructured":"European Social Survey (2019) \u201eDeutschland in Europa\u201c. Deutsche Teilstudie im Projekt \u201eEuropean Social Survey\u201c Welle 9 2018 \/ 2019. https:\/\/www.europeansocialsurvey.org\/docs\/round9\/fieldwork\/germany\/ESS9_questionnaires_DE.pdf. Accessed 19\u00a0July 2021"},{"key":"1945_CR6","volume-title":"Multidimensional functional assessment of older adults. The duke older americans resources and services procedures","author":"GG Fillenbaum","year":"1988","unstructured":"Fillenbaum\u00a0GG (1988) Multidimensional functional assessment of older adults. The duke older americans resources and services procedures. Duke University Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, New Jersey"},{"key":"1945_CR7","series-title":"GESIS Survey Guidelines","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15465\/gesis-sg_007","volume-title":"Gewichtung. Mannheim","author":"S Gabler","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gabler\u00a0S, Kolb\u00a0J\u2011P, Sand\u00a0M, Zins\u00a0S (2015) Gewichtung. Mannheim. GESIS Survey Guidelines. GESIS \u2013 Leibniz-Institut f\u00fcr Sozialwissenschaften, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15465\/gesis-sg_007"},{"key":"1945_CR8","unstructured":"Goergen T (2009) \u201cSicherer Hafen\u201d oder \u201cgefahrvolle Zone\u201c? Kriminalit\u00e4ts- und Gewalterfahrungen im Leben alter Menschen. https:\/\/www.bmfsfj.de\/blob\/94186\/727885d90cc7178a738226f533bce61d\/kriminalitaets-gewalterfahrungen-leben-alter-menschen-langfassung-data.pdf. Accessed 19\u00a0July 2021"},{"key":"1945_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-007-0070-9","volume":"8","author":"JW Graham","year":"2007","unstructured":"Graham\u00a0JW, Olchowski\u00a0AE, Gilreath\u00a0TD (2007) How many imputations are really needed? Some practical clarifications of multiple imputation theory. Prev Sci 8:206\u2013213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11121-007-0070-9","journal-title":"Prev Sci"},{"key":"1945_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hansen\u00a0S, Kaspar\u00a0R, Wagner\u00a0M, Woopen\u00a0C, Zank\u00a0S (2021) The NRW80+ study: Conceptual background and design decisions (in press). Z Gerontol Geriat 54. (In press)","DOI":"10.1007\/s00391-021-01970-z"},{"key":"1945_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1007\/s00391-009-0067-z","volume":"43","author":"S Heidenblut","year":"2010","unstructured":"Heidenblut\u00a0S, Zank\u00a0S (2010) Entwicklung eines neuen Depressionsscreenings f\u00fcr den Einsatz in der Geriatrie. Z\u00a0Gerontol Geriat 43:170\u2013176","journal-title":"Z Gerontol Geriat"},{"key":"1945_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/2333721420981328","volume":"6","author":"S Heidenblut","year":"2020","unstructured":"Heidenblut\u00a0S, Zank\u00a0S (2020) Screening for depression in old age with very short instruments: the DIA-S4 compared to the GDS5 and GDS4. Gerontol Geriatr Med 6:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2333721420981328","journal-title":"Gerontol Geriatr Med"},{"key":"1945_CR13","first-page":"43","volume":"27","author":"CSH Ho","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ho\u00a0CSH, Wong\u00a0SY, Chui\u00a0SY, Ho\u00a0RCM (2017) Global prevalence of elder abuse: a meta-analysis and meta-regression. East Asian Arch Psychiatry 27:43\u201355","journal-title":"East Asian Arch Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"1945_CR14","first-page":"65","volume":"6","author":"S Holm","year":"1979","unstructured":"Holm\u00a0S (1979) A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure. Scand J Stat 6(2):65\u201370","journal-title":"Scand J Stat"},{"key":"1945_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-017-0442-1","volume":"17","author":"JC Jakobsen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jakobsen\u00a0JC, Gludd\u00a0C, Wetterslev\u00a0J, Winkel\u00a0P (2017) When and how should multiple imputation be used for handling missing data in randomised clinical trials\u2014a\u00a0practical guide with flowcharts. BMC Med Res Methodol 17:162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12874-017-0442-1","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"1945_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afs195","volume":"42","author":"M Johannesen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Johannesen\u00a0M, LoGuidice\u00a0D (2013) Elder abuse: a\u00a0systematic review of risk factors in community-dwelling elders. Age Ageing 42:292\u2013298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ageing\/afs195","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"1945_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1042","volume":"19","author":"E Kalbe","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kalbe\u00a0E, Kessler\u00a0J, Calabrese\u00a0P, Smith\u00a0R, Passmore\u00a0AP, Brand\u00a0M, Bullock\u00a0R (2004) DemTect: a\u00a0new, sensitive cognitive screening test to support the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and early dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 19:136\u2013143","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"1945_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1385278","volume":"82","author":"J Kessler","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kessler\u00a0J, Fengler\u00a0S, Kaesberg\u00a0S, M\u00fcller\u00a0K, Calabrese\u00a0OP, Ellwein\u00a0T, Kalbe\u00a0E (2014) DEmTect40\u2212 und DemTect80+: Neue Auswertungsmethoden f\u00fcr diese Altersgruppen. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 82:640\u2013645","journal-title":"Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr"},{"key":"1945_CR19","volume-title":"SOEP-Core-2018: Personenfragebogen, Stichproben A-L3 + N. SOEP Survey Papers 608: Series A","author":"Kantar Public","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kantar Public (2019) SOEP-Core-2018: Personenfragebogen, Stichproben A\u2011L3 + N. SOEP Survey Papers 608: Series A. DIW\/SOEP, Berlin"},{"issue":"5","key":"1945_CR20","first-page":"e147","volume":"2017","author":"II Marmolejo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Marmolejo\u00a0II (2008) Elder abuse in the family in Spain. Valencia: Queen Sofi a\u00a0Center for the Study of Violence, 2008. http:\/\/www.inpea.net\/images\/Spain_Report_2008_Elder.pdf. In: Yon, Y., Mikton, C.R., Gassoumius, Z.D., Wilber, K.H. (2017) Elder abuse prevalence in community settings: a\u00a0systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob Health 2017(5):e147\u2013e156","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"1945_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.5771\/9783845276687-459","volume-title":"Alternsforschung. Handbuch f\u00fcr Wissenschaft und Praxis","author":"M Neise","year":"2019","unstructured":"Neise\u00a0M, Zank\u00a0S (2019) Gewalterfahrungen \u00e4lterer Menschen im sozialen Nahraum \u2013 Befunde und Herausforderungen. In: Hank\u00a0K, Schulz-Nieswand\u00a0F, Wagner\u00a0M, Zank\u00a0S (eds) Alternsforschung. Handbuch f\u00fcr Wissenschaft und Praxis. Nomos, Baden-Baden, pp 459\u2013490"},{"key":"1945_CR22","unstructured":"Neise\u00a0M, Brijoux\u00a0T, Zank\u00a0S (in preparation) The elder abuse and emotional consequences scale (working title)"},{"key":"1945_CR23","unstructured":"Robert-Koch-Institut (2015) Gesundheit in Deutschland Kapitel\u00a08. https:\/\/www.rki.de\/DE\/Content\/Gesundheitsmonitoring\/Gesundheitsberichterstattung\/GesInDtld\/gesundheit_in_deutschland_2015.pdf?__blob=publicationFile. Accessed 19\u00a0July 2021"},{"issue":"6","key":"1945_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264315571106","volume":"27","author":"SK Roepke-Buehler","year":"2015","unstructured":"Roepke-Buehler\u00a0SK, Simon\u00a0M, Dong\u00a0X (2015) Association between depressive symptoms, multiple dimensions of depression, and elder abuse: a cross-sectional, population-based analysis of older adults in Urban chicago. J\u00a0Aging Health 27(6):1003\u20131025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0898264315571106","journal-title":"J Aging Health"},{"key":"1945_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470316696","volume-title":"Multiple imputation for nonresponse in surveys","author":"D Rubin","year":"1987","unstructured":"Rubin\u00a0D (1987) Multiple imputation for nonresponse in surveys. Wiley,"},{"key":"1945_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.15446\/revfacmed.v63n3.44743","volume":"63","author":"JR Silva-Fhon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Silva-Fhon\u00a0JR, Del Rio-Suarez\u00a0AD, Motta-Herrera\u00a0SN, Fabricio-Wehbe\u00a0SCC, Partezani-Rodrigues\u00a0RA (2015) Domestic violence in older people living in the district of Brena, Peru. Revista Fac Med 63:367\u2013375","journal-title":"Revista Fac Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1945_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838013495963","volume":"14","author":"R Sooryanarayana","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sooryanarayana\u00a0R, Choo\u00a0W\u2011Y, Hairi\u00a0NH (2013) A review on the prevalence and measurements of elder abuse in the community. Trauma Violence Abus 14(4):316\u2013325","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abus"},{"key":"1945_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2019.101339","volume":"50","author":"JE Storey","year":"2020","unstructured":"Storey\u00a0JE (2020) Risk factors for alder abuse and neglect: a review of the literature. Aggress Violent Behav 50:101339","journal-title":"Aggress Violent Behav"},{"key":"1945_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s00391-017-1217-3","volume":"51","author":"M Wagner","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wagner\u00a0M, Rietz\u00a0C, Kaspar\u00a0R, Jahnsen\u00a0A, Geithner\u00a0L, Neise\u00a0M, Kinne-Wall\u00a0C, Woopen\u00a0C, Zank\u00a0S (2018) Quality of life of the very old. Survey on quality of life and subjective well-being of the very old in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW80+). Z\u00a0Gerontol Geriat 51:193\u2013199","journal-title":"Z Gerontol Geriat"},{"issue":"S1","key":"1945_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1093\/geroni\/igy023.1041","volume":"2","author":"B Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang\u00a0B, Dong\u00a0X (2018) The association between loneliness and elder abuse: findings from a\u00a0community-dwelling Chinese aging population. Innov Aging 2(S1):282","journal-title":"Innov Aging"},{"key":"1945_CR31","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2008) A global response to elder abuse and neglect: building primary health care capacity to deal with the problem worldwide: main report. https:\/\/www.who.int\/ageing\/publications\/ELDER_DocAugust08.pdf. Accessed 19\u00a0July 2021"},{"key":"1945_CR32","unstructured":"Wiest M, Richter M, Krauel F, Maurer S, Henning G, Lejeune C, Rabe C, Engstler H (2014) German Ageing Survey, Deutscher Alterssurvey (\n\nDEAS\n\n): Documentation of instruments and variables 1996\u20132011 (pp.\u00a0413). Berlin:\n\nDZA\n\n. http:\/\/www.dza.de\/fileadmin\/dza\/pdf\/fdz\/DEAS_Instrumentendokumentation.pdf. Accessed 19\u00a0July 2021"},{"key":"1945_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X","author":"Y Yon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yon\u00a0Y, Mikton\u00a0CR, Gassoumius\u00a0ZD, Wilber\u00a0KH (2017) Elder abuse prevalence in community settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob Health (5):e147\u2013e156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30006-2.","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"1945_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zimmermann\u00a0J, Hansen\u00a0S, Wagner\u00a0M (2021) Home environment and frailty in very old adults (in press). Z Gerontol Geriatr 54","DOI":"10.1007\/s00391-021-01969-6"}],"container-title":["Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Gerontologie und Geriatrie"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00391-021-01945-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00391-021-01945-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00391-021-01945-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T09:12:59Z","timestamp":1635325979000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00391-021-01945-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["1945"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00391-021-01945-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0948-6704","1435-1269"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0948-6704","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-1269","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 March 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 June 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 July 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"T.\u00a0Brijoux, M.\u00a0Neise and S.\u00a0Zank declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants or on human tissue were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee (Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne) and with the 1975 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical standards."}}]}}