{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T09:44:18Z","timestamp":1792748658315,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Z Gerontol Geriat"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are heterogeneous compounds that can be endogenously generated and can also be exogenously consumed through heated food. The AGEs accumulate in cells and tissues over time, increasing oxidative stress and thereby contributing to the aging process via inflammation. The physiological oxygen concentration in tissues is significantly lower than atmospheric oxygen (~21%); however, most experimental studies have been conducted under atmospheric conditions rather than physiologically relevant oxygen levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to assess the oxygen-dependent formation of AGEs induced by glyoxal (GO) and methylglyoxal (MGO) in vitro.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, the AGE-associated fluorescence intensity was measured in human serum albumin (HSA) incubated with GO or MGO under different oxygen concentrations using a\u00a0CLARIOstar plate reader. Fluorescent AGEs were quantified using excitation wavelengths of 330\/360\u202fnm and emission wavelengths of 405\/440\u202fnm. Non-fluorescent AGEs, such as carboxymethyl lysine (CML) and methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone1 (MG-H1), were detected via immunoblotting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The formation of AGEs increased following incubation of HSA with GO or MGO, showing clear concentration-dependent and time-dependent patterns. No statistically significant differences were observed among the tested oxygen conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that under the experimental conditions used in this in vitro study, glycation did not significantly differ across the tested oxygen conditions. Further investigation is warranted to explore the impact of oxygen on glycation in vivo, where additional regulatory mechanisms could play a\u00a0role.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00391-026-02662-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T09:56:47Z","timestamp":1792403807000},"page":"611-617","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The role of oxygen in the formation of fluorescent advanced glycation end products from \u03b1-dicarbonyl compounds","Die Rolle von Sauerstoff bei der Bildung fluoreszierender fortgeschrittener Glykationsendprodukte aus \u03b1-Dicarbonylverbindungen"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Parisa","family":"Ghaffari Makhmalbaf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Simm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2662_CR1","first-page":"66","volume":"154","author":"LC Maillard","year":"1912","unstructured":"Maillard\u00a0LC (1912) Action des acides amines sur les sucres : formation des melanoidines par voie methodique. CR. Acad. Sci 154:66\u201368","journal-title":"CR. Acad. Sci"},{"key":"2662_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1021\/jf60015a004","volume":"1","author":"JE Hodge","year":"1953","unstructured":"Hodge\u00a0JE (1953) Dehydrated Foods, Chemistry of Browning Reactions in Model Systems. J\u00a0Agric Food Chem 1:928\u2013943. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jf60015a004","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"2662_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-024-00905-9","volume":"30","author":"Y Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen\u00a0Y, Meng\u00a0Z, Li\u00a0Y et\u00a0al (2024) Advanced glycation end products and reactive oxygen species: uncovering the potential role of ferroptosis in diabetic complications. Mol Med 30:141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s10020-024-00905-9","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"key":"2662_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10020393","volume":"10","author":"NS Dhalla","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dhalla\u00a0NS, Elimban\u00a0V, Bartekova\u00a0M, Adameova\u00a0A (2022) Involvement of Oxidative Stress in the Development of Subcellular Defects and Heart Disease. Biomedicines 10:393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines10020393","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"2662_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-021-00561-7","volume":"53","author":"W Rungratanawanich","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rungratanawanich\u00a0W, Qu\u00a0Y, Wang\u00a0X et\u00a0al (2021) Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and other adducts in aging-related diseases and alcohol-mediated tissue injury. Exp Mol Med 53:168\u2013188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s12276-021-00561-7","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"key":"2662_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00041.2017","volume":"99","author":"TP Keeley","year":"2019","unstructured":"Keeley\u00a0TP, Mann\u00a0GE (2019) Defining Physiological Normoxia for Improved Translation of Cell Physiology to Animal Models and Humans. Physiol Rev 99:161\u2013234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.00041.2017","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"2662_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2011.01258.x","volume":"15","author":"A Carreau","year":"2011","unstructured":"Carreau\u00a0A, Hafny-Rahbi\u00a0BE, Matejuk\u00a0A et\u00a0al (2011) Why is the partial oxygen pressure of human tissues a crucial parameter? Small molecules and hypoxia. J\u00a0Cell Mol Med 15:1239\u20131253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2011.01258.x","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"2662_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-170589","volume":"62","author":"NK Jha","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jha\u00a0NK, Jha\u00a0SK, Sharma\u00a0R et\u00a0al (2018) Hypoxia-Induced Signaling Activation in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Targets for New Therapeutic Strategies. J\u00a0Alzheimer\u2019s Dis 62:15\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-170589","journal-title":"J Alzheimer\u2019s Dis"},{"key":"2662_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-017-2464-8","volume":"49","author":"D Deluyker","year":"2017","unstructured":"Deluyker\u00a0D, Evens\u00a0L, Bito\u00a0V (2017) Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and cardiovascular dysfunction: focus on high molecular weight AGEs. Amino Acids 49:1535\u20131541. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00726-017-2464-8","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"2662_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26157311","author":"KO Mota","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mota\u00a0KO, de Vasconcelos\u00a0CML, Kirshenbaum\u00a0LA, Dhalla\u00a0NS (2025) The Role of Advanced Glycation End-Products in the Pathophysiology and Pharmacotherapy of Cardiovascular Disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26157311","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2662_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-44358-1","volume":"9","author":"Z Irshad","year":"2019","unstructured":"Irshad\u00a0Z, Xue\u00a0M, Ashour\u00a0A et\u00a0al (2019) Activation of the unfolded protein response in high glucose treated endothelial cells is mediated by methylglyoxal. Sci Rep 9:7889. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-44358-1","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2662_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2011.03.017","volume":"1812","author":"T Oya-Ito","year":"2011","unstructured":"Oya-Ito\u00a0T, Naito\u00a0Y, Takagi\u00a0T et\u00a0al (2011) Heat-shock protein 27 (Hsp27) as a target of methylglyoxal in gastrointestinal cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 1812:769\u2013781. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbadis.2011.03.017","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta BBA - Mol Basis Dis"},{"key":"2662_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2010.12.003","volume":"93","author":"P Rondeau","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rondeau\u00a0P, Bourdon\u00a0E (2011) The glycation of albumin: Structural and functional impacts. Biochim Open 93:645\u2013658. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biochi.2010.12.003","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"2662_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.1021\/pr700763r","volume":"7","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhang\u00a0Q, Tang\u00a0N, Schepmoes\u00a0AA et\u00a0al (2008) Proteomic Profiling of Nonenzymatically Glycated Proteins in Human Plasma and Erythrocyte Membranes. J\u00a0Proteome Res 7:2025\u20132032. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/pr700763r","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"},{"key":"2662_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1007\/s10719-021-10031-x","volume":"38","author":"YS Muthyalaiah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Muthyalaiah\u00a0YS, Jonnalagadda\u00a0B, John\u00a0CM, Arockiasamy\u00a0S (2021) Impact of Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs) and its receptor (RAGE) on cancer metabolic signaling pathways and its progression. Glycoconj J 38:717\u2013734. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10719-021-10031-x","journal-title":"Glycoconj J"},{"key":"2662_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-022-04587-x","volume":"478","author":"K Ramasubbu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ramasubbu\u00a0K, Devi Rajeswari\u00a0V (2023) Impairment of insulin signaling pathway PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR and insulin resistance induced AGEs on diabetes mellitus and neurodegenerative diseases: a perspective review. Mol Cell Biochem 478:1307\u20131324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11010-022-04587-x","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"key":"2662_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12040542","volume":"12","author":"M Khalid","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khalid\u00a0M, Petroianu\u00a0G, Adem\u00a0A (2022) Advanced Glycation End Products and Diabetes Mellitus: Mechanisms and Perspectives. Biomolecules 12:542. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom12040542","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"2662_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-4598-12-152","volume":"12","author":"S Ganapathy-Kanniappan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ganapathy-Kanniappan\u00a0S, Geschwind\u00a0JFH (2013) Tumor glycolysis as a\u00a0target for cancer therapy: progress and prospects. Mol Cancer 12:152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1476-4598-12-152","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"2662_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2017.05.008","volume":"49","author":"MI Khan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Khan\u00a0MI, Rath\u00a0S, Adhami\u00a0VM, Mukhtar\u00a0H (2018) Hypoxia Driven Glycation: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. Semin Cancer Biol 49:75\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semcancer.2017.05.008","journal-title":"Semin Cancer Biol"},{"key":"2662_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.575993","volume":"113","author":"LG Bucciarelli","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bucciarelli\u00a0LG, Kaneko\u00a0M, Ananthakrishnan\u00a0R et\u00a0al (2006) Receptor for Advanced-Glycation End Products: Key Modulator of Myocardial Ischemic Injury. Circulation 113:1226\u20131234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.575993","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2662_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.107.165308","volume":"102","author":"JS Chang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chang\u00a0JS, Wendt\u00a0T, Qu\u00a0W et\u00a0al (2008) Oxygen Deprivation Triggers Upregulation of Early Growth Response\u20111 by the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products. Circ Res 102:905\u2013913. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.107.165308","journal-title":"Circ Res"}],"container-title":["Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Gerontologie und Geriatrie"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00391-026-02662-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00391-026-02662-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00391-026-02662-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T09:28:26Z","timestamp":1792747706000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00391-026-02662-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["2662"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00391-026-02662-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0948-6704","1435-1269"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0948-6704","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-1269","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 June 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 October 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors used Grammarly and ChatGPT solely for language editing and improving readability. The authors reviewed and verified all scientific content, data, analyses, results, and conclusions and take full responsibility for the final manuscript.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"P.\u00a0Ghaffari Makhmalbaf and A.\u00a0Simm declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study did not involve human participants or animal subjects; therefore, ethical approval was not required.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical standards","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}