{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T14:10:03Z","timestamp":1790518203068,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,21]],"date-time":"2020-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605916800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,21]],"date-time":"2020-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Justus-Liebig-Universit\u00e4t Gie\u00dfen"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Res Cardiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>During the COVID-19 pandemic, hospital admissions for cardiac care have declined. However, effects on mortality are unclear. Thus, we sought to evaluate the impact of the lockdown period in central Germany on overall and cardiovascular deaths. Simultaneously we looked at catheterization activities in the same region.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Data from 22 of 24 public health-authorities in central Germany were aggregated during the pandemic related lockdown period and compared to the same time period in 2019. Information on the total number of deaths and causes of death, including cardiovascular mortality, were collected. Additionally, we compared rates of hospitalization (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095178) for chronic coronary syndrome (CCS), acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in 26 hospitals in this area. Data on 5,984 deaths occurring between March 23, 2020 and April 26, 2020 were evaluated. In comparison to the reference non-pandemic period in 2019 (deaths: <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095832), there was a non-significant increase in all-cause mortality of 2.6% [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.99\u20131.06; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.16]. Cardiovascular and cardiac mortality increased significantly by 7.6% (IRR 1.08, 95%-CI 1.01\u20131.14; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02)\u00a0and by\u00a011.8% (IRR 1.12, 95%-CI 1.05\u20131.19; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), respectively. During the same period, our data revealed a drop in cardiac catherization procedures.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>During the COVID-19-related lockdown a significant increase in cardiovascular mortality was observed in central Germany, whereas catherization activities were reduced. The mechanisms underlying both of these observations should be investigated further in order to better understand the effects of a pandemic-related lockdown and social-distancing restrictions on cardiovascular care and mortality.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphic abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-020-01780-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,21]],"date-time":"2020-11-21T07:02:54Z","timestamp":1605942174000},"page":"292-301","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiovascular mortality and catherization activity during the lockdown in central Germany: an observational study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"110","author":[{"name":"for the CoVCAD \u2013Study 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Holger M. Nef and Christian W. Hamm are principal investigators of the DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by the ethics committee of the medical faculty of the Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Germany (AZ 60\/20). The investigation conforms to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. The statistical analysis was performed by the department of medical statistics at the University of Giessen, Germany.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"All authors have read the present manuscript and approved the submission to Clinical Research in Cardiology.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}