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Evidence suggests that early rhythm control including AF ablation may reduce this risk.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To compare the risks for cardiovascular events in AF patients with and without pulmonary vein isolation (PVI), we analysed data from two prospective cohort studies in Switzerland (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093968). A total of 325 patients who had undergone PVI during a 1-year observational period were assigned to the PVI group. Using coarsened exact matching, 2193 patients were assigned to the non-PVI group. Outcomes were all-cause mortality, hospital admission for acute heart failure, a composite of stroke, transient ischemic attack and systemic embolism (Stroke\/TIA\/SE), myocardial infarction (MI), and bleedings. We calculated multivariable adjusted Cox proportional-hazards models.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Overall, 2518 patients were included, median age was 66\u00a0years [IQR 61.0, 71.0], 25.8% were female. After a median follow-up time of 3.9\u00a0years, fewer patients in the PVI group died from any cause (incidence per 100 patient-years 0.64 versus 1.87, HR 0.39, 95%CI 0.19\u20130.79, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.009) or were admitted to hospital for acute heart failure (incidence per 100 patient-years 0.52 versus 1.72, HR 0.44, 95%CI 0.21\u20130.95, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.035). There was no significant association between PVI and Stroke\/TIA\/SE (HR 0.94, 95%CI 0.52\u20131.69, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.80), MI (HR 0.43, 95%CI 0.11\u20131.63, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.20) or bleeding (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.50\u20131.12, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.20).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In our matched comparison, patients in the PVI group had a lower incidence rate of all-cause mortality and hospital admission for acute heart failure compared to the non-PVI group.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>NCT02105844, April 7th 2014.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              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Conen received consulting fees from Servier Canada and Roche Diagnostics. G. Moschovitis has received consultant fees for taking part to advisory boards from Novartis, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bayer and Astra Zeneca, all outside of the submitted work. M. K\u00fchne reports personal fees from Bayer, personal fees from B\u00f6hringer Ingelheim, personal fees from Pfizer BMS, personal fees from Daiichi Sankyo, personal fees from Medtronic, personal fees from Biotronik, personal fees from Boston Scientific, personal fees from Johnson&Johnson, personal fees from Roche, grants from Bayer, grants from Pfizer, grants from Boston Scientific, grants from BMS, grants from Biotronik.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by the main Ethics committee EKNZ (Ethikkommission Nordwest- und Zentralschweiz). The procedures used in this study adhere to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed written consent was obtained from each participant.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors read and consented to the final manuscript version for publication.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publication"}}]}}