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We hypothesized that venous congestion rather than pulmonary hypertension would be more strongly associated with prognosis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>895 patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) (median (25th and 75th centile) age 75 (67\u201381) years, 69% men, LVEF 44 (34\u201355)% and NT-proBNP 1133 (423\u20132465) pg\/ml) were enrolled. Compared to patients with normal IVC (&lt;\u200921\u00a0mm) and TRV (\u2264\u20092.8\u00a0m\/s; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009504, 56%), those with high TRV but normal IVC (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200985, 9%) were older, more likely to be women and to have LVEF\u2009\u2265\u200950%, whilst those with dilated IVC but normal TRV (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009142, 16%) had more signs of congestion and higher NT-proBNP. Patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009164, 19%) with both dilated IVC and high TRV had the most signs of congestion and the highest NT-proBNP.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>During follow-up of 860 (435\u20131121) days, 239 patients died. Compared to those with both normal IVC and TRV (reference), patients with high TRV but normal IVC did not have a significantly increased mortality (HR: 1.41; CI: 0.87\u20132.29; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.16). Risk was higher for patients with a dilated IVC but normal TRV (HR: 2.51; CI: 1.80\u20133.51; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) or both a dilated IVC and elevated TRV (HR: 3.27; CI: 2.40\u20134.46; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Amongst ambulatory patients with CHF, a dilated IVC is more closely associated with an adverse prognosis than an elevated TRV.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-023-02178-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,26]],"date-time":"2023-03-26T21:21:38Z","timestamp":1679865698000},"page":"1077-1086","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Inferior vena cava diameter is associated with prognosis in patients with chronic heart failure independent of tricuspid regurgitation velocity"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Antonio","family":"Iaconelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joe","family":"Cuthbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed","family":"Kazmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pasquale","family":"Maffia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew L.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John G. 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Dr. Cleland reports grants from British Heart Foundation; personal fees from Abbott, personal fees from Amgen, grants and personal fees from Bayer, grants and personal fees from Bristol Myers Squibb, personal fees from Novartis, personal fees from Medtronic, personal fees from Idorsia, grants and personal fees from Vifor, personal fees from Servier, personal fees and non-financial support from Boehringer-Ingelheim, personal fees from Astra-Zeneca, personal fees from Innolife, personal fees from Torrent, grants and personal fees from Johnson & Johnson, grants and personal fees from Myokardia, personal fees from Respicardia, grants and personal fees from Viscardia, personal fees and non-financial support from NI Medical, grants from Pharma Nord, grants from Pharmacosmos. Others do not have any conflicts of interest to declare.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}