{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T14:45:29Z","timestamp":1769093129908,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,9]],"date-time":"2023-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,9]],"date-time":"2023-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Thorax Foundation"},{"name":"Stichting Pieter Bastiaan"},{"name":"Stichting \u2018t Trekpaert"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Res Cardiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Nowadays, more than 90% of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) reach adulthood. However, long-term impact on neurodevelopment and executive functioning in adults with CHD are not completely understood.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To investigate the self- and informant-reported executive functioning in adults with CHD operated in childhood.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Longitudinal study of a cohort of patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009194, median age: 49.9 [46.1\u201353.8]) who were operated in childhood (&lt; 15 years old) between 1968 and 1980 (median follow-up\u00a0time: 45 [40\u201353] years) for one of the following diagnoses: atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), pulmonary stenosis (PS), tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) or transposition of the great arteries (TGA). Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult version (BRIEF-A) questionnaire was used to assess self-\u00a0and informant-reported executive functioning.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>40\u201353 years after surgery, the CHD group did show significantly better executive functioning compared to the norm data. No significant difference was found between mild CHD (ASD, VSD and PS) and moderate\/severe CHD (ToF and TGA). Higher education, NYHA class 1 and better exercise capacity were associated with better self-reported executive functioning, whereas females or patients taking psychiatric or cardiac medications reported worse executive functioning.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our findings suggest favorable outcomes (comparable to normative data) regarding executive functioning in adults with CHD, both self- and informant-reported. However, further study is warranted to explore more in detail the different cognitive domains of executive functioning in these patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-023-02187-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,9]],"date-time":"2023-04-09T12:02:35Z","timestamp":1681041755000},"page":"1417-1426","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Executive functioning of patients with congenital heart disease: 45\u00a0years after surgery"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Pelosi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. M.","family":"Kauling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. A. A. E.","family":"Cuypers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. M. W. J.","family":"Utens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. E.","family":"van den Bosch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Kardys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. J. J. C.","family":"Bogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. A.","family":"Helbing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. W.","family":"Roos-Hesselink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6793-1123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeroen S.","family":"Legerstee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"21","key":"2187_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.08.025","volume":"58","author":"D van der Linde","year":"2011","unstructured":"van der Linde D et al (2011) Birth prevalence of congenital heart disease worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 58(21):2241\u20132247","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2187_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2012.07.023","volume":"164","author":"T van der Bom","year":"2012","unstructured":"van der Bom T et al (2012) The prevalence of adult congenital heart disease, results from a systematic review and evidence based calculation. Am Heart J 164(4):568\u2013575","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"9","key":"2187_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e318265ee8a","volume":"126","author":"BS Marino","year":"2012","unstructured":"Marino BS et al (2012) Neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with congenital heart disease: evaluation and management: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 126(9):1143\u20131172","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"2187_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.12526","volume":"43","author":"A Khalil","year":"2014","unstructured":"Khalil A et al (2014) Brain abnormalities and neurodevelopmental delay in congenital heart disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 43(1):14\u201324","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2187_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.309048","volume":"120","author":"PD Morton","year":"2017","unstructured":"Morton PD, Ishibashi N, Jonas RA (2017) Neurodevelopmental abnormalities and congenital heart disease: insights into altered brain maturation. Circ Res 120(6):960\u2013977","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2187_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2018-000998","volume":"6","author":"CE Verrall","year":"2019","unstructured":"Verrall CE et al (2019) \u201cBig issues\u201d in neurodevelopment for children and adults with congenital heart disease. Open Heart 6(2):e000998","journal-title":"Open Heart"},{"issue":"4","key":"2187_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.03.044","volume":"161","author":"K Walker","year":"2012","unstructured":"Walker K et al (2012) Early developmental outcomes following major noncardiac and cardiac surgery in term infants: a population-based study. J Pediatr 161(4):748-752 e1","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2187_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617714001027","volume":"21","author":"AR Cassidy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cassidy AR et al (2015) Executive function in children and adolescents with critical cyanotic congenital heart disease. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 21(1):34\u201349","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"issue":"12","key":"2187_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12242","volume":"55","author":"C Schaefer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schaefer C et al (2013) Neurodevelopmental outcome, psychological adjustment, and quality of life in adolescents with congenital heart disease. Dev Med Child Neurol 55(12):1143\u20131149","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2187_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wcs.1403","volume":"8","author":"C Blair","year":"2017","unstructured":"Blair C (2017) Educating executive function. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Cogn Sci 8(1\u20132):e1403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wcs.1403","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip Rev Cogn Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"2187_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsx154","volume":"43","author":"JL Jackson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jackson JL et al (2018) Executive function and internalizing symptoms in adolescents and young adults with congenital heart disease: the role of coping. J Pediatr Psychol 43(8):906\u2013915","journal-title":"J Pediatr Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2187_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/chd.12409","volume":"12","author":"L Klouda","year":"2017","unstructured":"Klouda L et al (2017) Neurocognitive and executive functioning in adult survivors of congenital heart disease. Congenit Heart Dis 12(1):91\u201398","journal-title":"Congenit Heart Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"2187_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951121002705","volume":"32","author":"L Schlosser","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schlosser L, Kessler N, Feldmann M, Wehrle F, Rometsch S, Greutmann M, Oxenius A, Brugger P, Latal B (2022) Neurocognitive functioning in young adults with congenital heart disease: insights from a case-control study. Cardiol Young 32(5):694\u2013701. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1047951121002705","journal-title":"Cardiol Young"},{"issue":"2","key":"2187_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1111\/chd.12434","volume":"12","author":"D Ilardi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ilardi D et al (2017) Neurocognitive functioning in adults with congenital heart disease. Congenit Heart Dis 12(2):166\u2013173","journal-title":"Congenit Heart Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"2187_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951121005151","volume":"32","author":"YS El Dabagh","year":"2022","unstructured":"El Dabagh YS, Asschenfeldt B, Kelly B, Evald L, Hjortdal VE (2022) Self- and informant-reported executive function in young adults operated for atrial or ventricular septal defects in childhood. Cardiol Young 32(12):1917\u20131924. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1047951121005151","journal-title":"Cardiol Young"},{"issue":"11","key":"2187_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.015843","volume":"9","author":"B Asschenfeldt","year":"2020","unstructured":"Asschenfeldt B et al (2020) Neuropsychological status and structural brain imaging in adults with simple congenital heart defects closed in childhood. J Am Heart Assoc 9(11):e015843","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"2187_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951115000700","volume":"26","author":"P Opi\u0107","year":"2016","unstructured":"Opi\u0107 P et al (2016) Longitudinal development of psychopathology and subjective health status in CHD adults: a 30- to 43-year follow-up in a unique cohort. Cardiol Young 26(3):547\u2013555","journal-title":"Cardiol Young"},{"issue":"5","key":"2187_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-014-0792-1","volume":"104","author":"P Opic","year":"2015","unstructured":"Opic P et al (2015) Psychosocial functioning of adults with congenital heart disease: outcomes of a 30\u201343 year longitudinal follow-up. Clin Res Cardiol 104(5):388\u2013400","journal-title":"Clin Res Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2187_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2004.09.004","volume":"99","author":"EH van Rijen","year":"2005","unstructured":"van Rijen EH et al (2005) Longitudinal development of psychopathology in an adult congenital heart disease cohort. Int J Cardiol 99(2):315\u2013323","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2187_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-668X(02)00749-2","volume":"24","author":"EH van Rijen","year":"2003","unstructured":"van Rijen EH et al (2003) Psychosocial functioning of the adult with congenital heart disease: a 20\u201333 years follow-up. Eur Heart J 24(7):673\u2013683","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"4","key":"2187_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.1997.0824","volume":"19","author":"EM Utens","year":"1998","unstructured":"Utens EM et al (1998) Psychopathology in young adults with congenital heart disease. Follow-up results. Eur Heart J 19(4):647\u2013651","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"7","key":"2187_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(94)90027-2","volume":"38","author":"EM Utens","year":"1994","unstructured":"Utens EM et al (1994) Psychosocial functioning of young adults after surgical correction for congenital heart disease in childhood: a follow-up study. J Psychosom Res 38(7):745\u2013758","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2187_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700028518","volume":"23","author":"EM Utens","year":"1993","unstructured":"Utens EM et al (1993) Behavioural and emotional problems in children and adolescents with congenital heart disease. Psychol Med 23(2):415\u2013424","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"43","key":"2187_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4153","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa701","volume":"41","author":"H Baumgartner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baumgartner H, De Backer J (2020) The ESC clinical practice guidelines for the management of adult congenital heart disease 2020. Eur Heart J 41(43):4153\u20134154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa701","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2187_CR25","volume-title":"BRIEF: Behavior Rating Inventory of executive function","author":"GA Gioia","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gioia GA, I.P., Guy SC, (2000) BRIEF: Behavior Rating Inventory of executive function. Psychological Assessment Resources, Lutz"},{"key":"2187_CR26","volume-title":"BRIEF-A. Vragenlijst over executieve functies bij volwassenen","author":"E Scholte","year":"2011","unstructured":"Scholte E, Noens I (2011) BRIEF-A. Vragenlijst over executieve functies bij volwassenen. Hogrefe Uitgevers B.V., Amsterdam"},{"key":"2187_CR27","unstructured":"CBS. Standaard Onderwijsindeling 2021. 2021. Available from: https:\/\/www.cbs.nl\/nl-nl\/onze-diensten\/methoden\/classificaties\/onderwijs-en-beroepen\/standaard-onderwijsindeling--soi--\/standaard-onderwijsindeling-2021"},{"issue":"5","key":"2187_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2308","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-020-00424-1","volume":"15","author":"N Naef","year":"2021","unstructured":"Naef N et al (2021) Brain volumes in adults with congenital heart disease correlate with executive function abilities. Brain Imaging Behav 15(5):2308\u20132316","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav"},{"issue":"9","key":"2187_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617718000310","volume":"24","author":"ES Semmel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Semmel ES et al (2018) Posterior cerebellar volume and executive function in young adults with congenital heart disease. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 24(9):939\u2013948","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"issue":"11","key":"2187_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.repc.2017.11.017","volume":"37","author":"ME Areias","year":"2018","unstructured":"Areias ME et al (2018) Neurocognitive profiles in adolescents and young adults with congenital heart disease. Rev Port Cardiol (Engl Ed) 37(11):923\u2013931","journal-title":"Rev Port Cardiol (Engl Ed)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2187_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12001","volume":"54","author":"ME Toplak","year":"2013","unstructured":"Toplak ME, West RF, Stanovich KE (2013) Practitioner review: do performance-based measures and ratings of executive function assess the same construct? J Child Psychol Psychiatry 54(2):131\u2013143","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"2187_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0182276","volume":"12","author":"B Guerra-Carrillo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Guerra-Carrillo B, Katovich K, Bunge SA (2017) Does higher education hone cognitive functioning and learning efficacy? Findings from a large and diverse sample. PLoS ONE 12(8):e0182276","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"6","key":"2187_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001936","volume":"51","author":"KI Erickson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Erickson KI et al (2019) Physical activity, cognition, and brain outcomes: a review of the 2018 physical activity guidelines. Med Sci Sports Exerc 51(6):1242\u20131251","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"6","key":"2187_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1097\/HCR.0000000000000545","volume":"40","author":"TA Moriarty","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moriarty TA et al (2020) Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation improves cognitive function among patients with cardiovascular disease. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 40(6):407\u2013413","journal-title":"J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev"},{"issue":"10","key":"2187_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291713002535","volume":"44","author":"PL Rock","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rock PL et al (2014) Cognitive impairment in depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Med 44(10):2029\u20132040","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2187_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988720978791","volume":"35","author":"DM Oyeyemi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Oyeyemi DM et al (2022) Relationship between depression\/anxiety and cognitive function before and 6 weeks after major non-cardiac surgery in older adults. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 35(1):145\u2013154","journal-title":"J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol"},{"key":"2187_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pelosi C et al (2022) Development of psychopathology in adults with congenital heart disease: a 40\u201353 years follow-up study. Int J Cardiol Congenit Heart Dis 100420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcchd.2022.100420"},{"issue":"3","key":"2187_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.26.3.240","volume":"26","author":"F Fontan","year":"1971","unstructured":"Fontan F, Baudet E (1971) Surgical repair of tricuspid atresia. Thorax 26(3):240\u2013248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thx.26.3.240","journal-title":"Thorax"}],"container-title":["Clinical Research in Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00392-023-02187-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00392-023-02187-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00392-023-02187-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T09:03:28Z","timestamp":1696842208000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00392-023-02187-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,9]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["2187"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00392-023-02187-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1861-0684","1861-0692"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1861-0684","type":"print"},{"value":"1861-0692","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 September 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 November 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 April 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}